scholarly journals Public health for paediatricians: Fifteen-minute consultation on addressing child poverty in clinical practice

2020 ◽  
pp. edpract-2020-319636
Author(s):  
Guddi Singh ◽  
Hannah Zhu ◽  
C Ronny Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Young People ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Clinical Consultation ◽  
Practical Guidance

Paediatricians and other child health professionals have a key role in identifying, preventing or mitigating the impacts of poverty on child health. Approaching a problem as vast and intractable as poverty can seem daunting. This article will outline how social determinants impact child health, and provide practical guidance on how to address this problem through a public health lens. The aim is to give frontline practitioners a straightforward, evidence-based framework and practical solutions for tackling child poverty, across three levels: (1) the clinical consultation; (2) the clinical service for the population of children and young people we serve and (3) with a broader policy and social view.

scholarly journals A systems map of the determinants of child health inequalities in England at the local level

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0245577
Author(s):  
Patricia E. Jessiman ◽  
Katie Powell ◽  
Philippa Williams ◽  
Hannah Fairbrother ◽  
Mary Crowder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Group Concept Mapping ◽  
Group Concept

Children and young people in the UK have worse health outcomes than in many similar western countries and child health inequalities are persistent and increasing. Systems thinking has emerged as a promising approach to addressing complex public health issues. We report on a systems approach to mapping the determinants of child health inequalities at the local level in England for young people aged 0–25, and describe the resulting map. Qualitative group concept mapping workshops were held in two contrasting English local authorities with a range of stakeholders: professionals (N = 35); children and young people (N = 33) and carers (N = 5). Initial area maps were developed, and augmented using data from qualitative interviews with professionals (N = 16). The resulting local maps were reviewed and validated by expert stakeholders in each area (N = 9; N = 35). Commonalities between two area-specific system maps (and removal of locality-specific factors) were used to develop a map that could be applied in any English local area. Two rounds of online survey (N = 21; N = 8) experts in public health, local governance and systems science refined the final system map displaying the determinants of child health inequalities. The process created a map of over 150 factors influencing inequalities in health outcomes for children aged 0–25 years at the local area level. The system map has six domains; physical environment, governance, economic, social, service, and personal. To our knowledge this is the first study taking a systems approach to addressing inequalities across all aspects of child health. The study shows how group concept mapping can support systems thinking at the local level. The resulting system map illustrates the complexity of factors influencing child health inequalities, and it may be a useful tool in demonstrating to stakeholders the importance of policies that tackle the systemic drivers of child health inequalities beyond those traditionally associated with public health.

Men's perception and understanding of male-factor infertility in the UK

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. S8-S16
Author(s):  
Eleanor L Stevenson ◽  
Cheng Ching-Yu ◽  
Chang Chia-Hao ◽  
Kevin R McEleny
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Male Factor Infertility ◽  
Male Factor ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Uk

Male-factor infertility is a common but stigmatised issue, and men often do not receive the emotional support and the information they need. This study sought to understand awareness of male fertility issues compared to female fertility among the UK general male public, and also what were perceived as being the optimum methods for providing support for affected men, emotionally and through information. Men feel that male infertility is not discussed by the public as much as female infertility. Lifestyle issues that affect male fertility are not well understood, and men affected by infertility desire more support, including online, from health professionals and through peer support. Health professionals, including those in public health, could offer evidence-based programmes to reduce stigma and increase public knowledge about infertility, as well as offer emotional support to men with infertility problems.

scholarly journals Maternal risk factors for childhood malnutrition in Pakistan: demographic health survey 2012-13

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Zaheer ◽  
N Shah ◽  
N Safdar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Child Malnutrition ◽  
P Value ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
The Public ◽  
Childhood Malnutrition ◽  
Public Health Professionals

Abstract Background In Pakistan, this is a catastrophe for 44% children combating with stunted growth; the third highest percentage of stunted children in the world and further 1 million children are underweight. Fifteen percent of children are wasted and half of them are anemic, and almost one-third of the children have iron deficiency anemia. The study aimed to collate all contributing factors that have been reported in the PDHS-2012-13 survey for child malnutrition. Methods Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey, 2012-13 data was used (n = 1967). Forty five factors were extracted from PDHS 2012-13 and factor analysis was performed to reduce these factors into similar potential factors by using principle component (PC) decomposition. Malnutrition status of children of age < 5 years was assessed by using three indices: height-for-age, weight-for-height, and weight for age. To examine the associations between derived factors and childhood malnutrition, binary logistic regression was used. Results About 43% of under-five children are stunted, 26.9% are underweight and 12.6% are wasted. Multivariate adjusted results showed mothers who belong to poor quintile (OR: 1.50, p-value 0.02), who afraid of husband all the time (OR: 1.36, p-value 0.02), who had > 4 children (OR: 1.47, p-value <0.01), and who used tobacco (OR: 1.80, p-value 0.02) were more likely to have stunted children. However, mothers who had no education (OR: 1.82, p-value<0.01), who were poor dweller (OR: 1.55, p-value 0.03), who used unprotected water (OR: 1.62, p-value<0.01), mothers who had younger age at birth (OR: 1.37, p-value 0.02) were more likely have underweight children. Conclusions Maternal socio-demographics and environmental factors were more significantly associated with child malnutrition. This study will enable the public health professionals' workforce tier at a national level to gain expertise and formulate better planning in order to improve child health in Pakistan. Key messages This study will enable the public health professionals’ workforce tier to achieve gains in child health in Pakistan. Study findings may help to improved and to initiate evidence-based guidelines for maternal and child health.

The First Thousand Days: early, integrated and evidence-based approaches to improving child health: coming to a population near you?

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (9) ◽  
pp. 837-841
Author(s):  
Jonathan C Darling ◽  
Panagiotis D Bamidis ◽  
Janice Burberry ◽  
Mary C J Rudolf
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Emotional Health ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Window Of Opportunity ◽  
Widespread Implementation ◽  
Recent Government

The ‘First Thousand Days’ refers to the period from conception to the child’s second birthday. It is increasingly gaining traction as a concept to guide public health policy. It is seen as a crucial window of opportunity for interventions that improve child and population health. This review outlines the origin and growth of the First Thousand Days concept, and the evidence behind it, particularly in the areas of brain development and cognition; mental and emotional health; nutrition and obesity; programming and economic benefits. The review then describes UK experience of use of the concept to inform policy, and a recent government inquiry that mandates more widespread implementation.

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