Traditional Chinese medicine and sports drug testing: identification of natural steroid administration in doping control urine samples resulting from musk (pod) extracts

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Thevis ◽  
Wilhelm Schänzer ◽  
Hans Geyer ◽  
Detlef Thieme ◽  
Joachim Grosse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Doping Control ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Steroid Administration ◽  
Sports Drug Testing ◽  
In Doping

Determination of Tuaminoheptane in Doping Control Urine Samples

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Thevis ◽  
Gerd Sigmund ◽  
Anja Koch ◽  
Wilhelm Schänzer
Keyword(s):  
Drug Testing ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Fragment Ions ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
In Doping ◽  
Aldehydes And Ketones ◽  
Characteristic Fragment ◽  
World Anti Doping Agency

Since January 2007, the list of prohibited substances established by the World Anti-Doping Agency includes the sympathomimetic compound tuaminoheptane (1-methyl-hexylamine, 2-heptylamine). Primarily used as a nasal decongestant drug it has been considered relevant for sports drug testing due to its stimulating properties. A confirmatory gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric procedure was developed including liquid–liquid extraction and imine formation of tuaminoheptane employing various aldehydes and ketones such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde and acetone. Extraction and derivatisation conditions were optimised for utmost efficiency and characteristic fragment ions obtained after electron ionisation allowed for a sensitive and selective analytical assay, which was validated with regard to recovery (50%), lower limit of detection (20 ng mL−1) as well as interday- and intraday precision (< 15%). The applicability to authentic urine samples was demonstrated using administration study specimens obtained from two male persons using Rhinofluimucil (tuaminoheptane hemisulfate) for intranasal application. The administered drug was detected up to 46h after repeated topical instillation of a total of approximately 3 mg.

Epidemiological investigation of the UGT2B17 polymorphism in doping control urine samples and its correlation to T/E ratios

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 645-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Anielski ◽  
Juliane Simmchen ◽  
Lars Wassill ◽  
Dirk Ganghofner ◽  
Detlef Thieme
Keyword(s):  
Doping Control ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Epidemiological Investigation ◽  
In Doping

Detection of the protease Bacillolysin in doping-control urine samples

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxie Kohler ◽  
Andreas Thomas ◽  
Hans Geyer ◽  
Luis Horta ◽  
Wilhelm Schänzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doping Control ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
In Doping

Detection of manipulation in doping control urine sample collection: a multidisciplinary approach to determine identical urine samples

2007 ◽  
Vol 388 (7) ◽  
pp. 1539-1543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Thevis ◽  
Hans Geyer ◽  
Ute Mareck ◽  
Gerd Sigmund ◽  
Jürgen Henke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urine Sample ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Doping Control ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
In Doping

Quantifying cobalt in doping control urine samples - a pilot study

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1186-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Krug ◽  
Daniel Kutscher ◽  
Thomas Piper ◽  
Hans Geyer ◽  
Wilhelm Schänzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Doping Control ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
In Doping

scholarly journals Urine Caffeine Concentration in Doping Control Samples from 2004 to 2015

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Millán Aguilar-Navarro ◽  
Gloria Muñoz ◽  
Juan Salinero ◽  
Jesús Muñoz-Guerra ◽  
María Fernández-Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Doping Control ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Ergogenic Effect ◽  
Caffeine Concentration ◽  
In Doping ◽  
The World ◽  
World Anti Doping Agency ◽  
Individual Sports ◽  
Control Samples

The ergogenic effect of caffeine is well-established, but the extent of its consumption in sport is unknown at the present. The use of caffeine was considered “prohibited” until 2004, but this stimulant was moved from the List of Prohibited Substances to the Monitoring Program of the World Anti-Doping Agency to control its use by monitoring urinary caffeine concentration after competition. However, there is no updated information about the change in the use of caffeine as the result of its inclusion in the Monitoring Program. The aim of this study was to describe the changes in urine caffeine concentration from 2004 to 2015. A total of 7488 urine samples obtained in official competitions held in Spain and corresponding to athletes competing in Olympic sports (2788 in 2004, 2543 in 2008, and 2157 in 2015) were analyzed for urine caffeine concentration. The percentage of samples with detectable caffeine (i.e., >0.1 μg/mL) increased from ~70.1%, in 2004–2008 to 75.7% in 2015. The median urine caffeine concentration in 2015 (0.85 μg/mL) was higher when compared to the median value obtained in 2004 (0.70 μg/mL; p < 0.05) and in 2008 (0.70 μg/mL; p < 0.05). The urine caffeine concentration significantly increased from 2004 to 2015 in aquatics, athletics, boxing, judo, football, weightlifting, and rowing (p < 0.05). However, the sports with the highest urine caffeine concentration in 2015 were cycling, athletics, and rowing. In summary, the concentration of caffeine in the urine samples obtained after competition in Olympic sports in Spain increased from 2004 to 2015, particularly in some disciplines. These data indicate that the use of caffeine has slightly increased since its removal from the list of banned substances, but urine caffeine concentrations suggest that the use of caffeine is moderate in most sport specialties. Athletes of individual sports or athletes of sports with an aerobic-like nature are more prone to using caffeine in competition.

scholarly journals Investigations into the elimination profiles and metabolite ratios of micro-dosed selective androgen receptor modulator LGD-4033 for doping control purposes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicitas Wagener ◽  
Sven Guddat ◽  
Christian Görgens ◽  
Yiannis S. Angelis ◽  
Michael Petrou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Doping Control ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator ◽  
Receptor Modulator ◽  
In Doping ◽  
Qualitative Detection ◽  
Result Management

AbstractLGD-4033 (ligandrol) is a selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM), which is prohibited in sports by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and led to 62 adverse analytical findings (AAFs) in 2019. But not only deliberate doping with LGD-4033 constitutes a problem. In the past years, some AAFs that concerned SARMs can be attributed to contaminated dietary supplements (DS). Thus, the urgency to develop methods to differentiate between inadvertent doping and abuse of SARMs to benefit from the performance-enhancing effect of the compound in sports is growing. To gain a better understanding of the metabolism and excretion patterns of LGD-4033, human micro-dose excretion studies at 1, 10, and 50 µg LGD-4033 were conducted. Collected urine samples were prepared for analysis using enzymatic hydrolysis followed by solid-phase extraction and analyzed via LC-HRMS/MS. Including isomers, a total of 15 phase I metabolites were detected in the urine samples. The LC-HRMS/MS method was validated for qualitative detection of LGD-4033, allowing for a limit of detection (LOD) of 8 pg/mL. The metabolite M1, representing the epimer of LGD-4033, was synthesized and the structure elucidated by NMR spectroscopy. As the M1/LGD-4033 ratio changes over time, the ratio and the approximate LGD-4033 concentration can contribute to estimating the time point of drug intake and dose of LGD-4033 in doping control urine samples, which is particularly relevant in anti-doping result management. Graphical abstract

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