scholarly journals Prevalence of HIV-1 infection among heterosexual men and women attending genitourinary clinics in Scotland: unlinked anonymous testing

BMJ ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 315 (7118) ◽  
pp. 1281-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Scott ◽  
D Goldberg ◽  
M Weir ◽  
S Cameron ◽  
J Peutherer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Anonymous Testing ◽  
Unlinked Anonymous Testing ◽  
Hiv 1

Increasing Prevalence of Non–Clade B HIV-1 Strains in Heterosexual Men and Women, as Monitored by Analysis of Reverse Transcriptase and Protease Sequences

2001 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Balotta ◽  
Guido Facchi ◽  
Michela Violin ◽  
Sonia Van Dooren ◽  
Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Clade B ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Increasing Prevalence of Non–Clade B HIV-1 Strains in Heterosexual Men and Women, as Monitored by Analysis of Reverse Transcriptase and Protease Sequences

2001 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Balotta ◽  
Guido Facchi ◽  
Michela Violin ◽  
Sonia Van Dooren ◽  
Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Clade B ◽  
Hiv 1

Prevalence of Maternal HIV Infection in Scotland Based on Unlinked Anonymous Testing of Newborn Babies. Update

1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Tappin ◽  
R.W.A. Girdwood ◽  
E.A.C. Follett ◽  
R. Kennedy ◽  
A.J. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Anonymous Testing ◽  
Unlinked Anonymous Testing ◽  
Maternal Hiv ◽  
Maternal Hiv Infection ◽  
Childbearing Women ◽  
Guthrie Cards ◽  
Hiv 1

In January 1990, unlinked anonymous testing of Guthrie cards for HIV antibody commenced in Scotland. Ethics Committee approval allowed testing of 99.6% of Scottish births. Twenty-one mothers spontaneously refused to allow testing of their baby's blood. Samples were coded by district postcodes. For 1990 through 1991, eluates of 132,531 dried blood spots were initially tested for HIV-1 antibody with the Fujirebio technique. Of the 49 positive samples 38 were confirmed to be positive by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot (seroprevalence 0.3 per 1000). Thirty-five of 38 samples came from large metropolitan areas in Scotland. Prevalences were 2.0 per 1000 for Edinburgh city, 0.7 per 1000 for Dundee and Aberdeen, 0.15 per 1000 for Glasgow and 0.05 per thousand for all other areas in Scotland. Recent spread of HIV infection to Aberdeen may have occurred. These figures do not support an overall increase of HIV infection in childbearing women in Scotland.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of HIV and HTLV in a representative sample of the Spanish population

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. CASTILLA ◽  
I. PACHÓN ◽  
M. P. GONZÁLEZ ◽  
C. AMELA ◽  
L. MUÑOZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spanish Population ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
Anonymous Testing ◽  
Unlinked Anonymous Testing ◽  
Primary Care Patients ◽  
Back Calculation ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Hiv 1

HIV and HTLV seroprevalence was determined by means of unlinked anonymous testing of 2144 sera, originally obtained from primary care patients by representative sampling of the Spanish population aged 15-39 years in 1996. HIV-1 seroprevalence was 4·3 per 1000 population in the 15–39 years age group [95% confidence interval (CI), 1·5–10·7] and 5·6 per 1000 (95% CI, 1·8–15·3) in the 20–39 years age group. Seroprevalence proved higher in males and urban residents. No antibodies to HIV-2 and HTLV-I were detected in any of the sera studied. However, presence of antibodies to HTLV-II was confirmed in one serum sample, while HTLV seroreactivity, though detected in another, could not be typed. The two HTLV-positive results equated to a seroprevalence of 1·9 per 1000 in the 20–39 years age group (95% CI, 0·3–8·6). HIV-1 seroprevalence was consistent with previous estimates yielded by back-calculation. The level of HTLV seroprevalence found suggests endemicity.

scholarly journals How Gender Identity and Transgender Status Affect Perceptions of Attractiveness

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 811-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Mao ◽  
M. L. Haupert ◽  
Eliot R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Gender Attitudes ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender Nonconforming ◽  
Romantic Attraction ◽  
Identity Labels

Can a perceiver’s belief about a target’s transgender status (distinct from gender nonconforming appearance) affect perceptions of the target’s attractiveness? Cisgender, heterosexual men and women ( N = 319) received randomly assigned labels (cisgender cross-gender, transgender man, transgender woman, or nonbinary) paired with 48 cross-sex targets represented by photos and rated the attractiveness and related characteristics of those targets. The gender identity labels had a strong, pervasive effect on ratings of attraction. Nonbinary and especially transgender targets were perceived as less attractive than cisgender targets. The effect was particularly strong for male perceivers, and for women with traditional gender attitudes. Sexual and romantic attraction are not driven solely by sexed appearance; information about gender identity and transgender status also influences these assessments. These results have important implications for theoretical models of sexual orientation and for the dating lives of transgender people.

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