Stabiizing The Steady State Solution of Lasser Fever: Problems and Prospect

The study of mathematical modeling of the stability analysis of Lassa fever was examined. A mathematical model for the spread and control of Lassa fever was formulated and analyzed. The model incorporates a control parameter, the use of condom to control human to human transmission through sexual contact with opposite sex. The disease free and endemic equilibrium states were analyzed.

Contested notions of challenges affecting Community Health Workers in low- and middle-income countries informed by the Silences Framework

Despite increasing evidence of the challenges affecting Community Health Workers (CHWs) such as those related to training, supportive supervision and remuneration, there is a need to explore concerns and challenges from the perspective of CHWs themselves. This commentary highlights some of the contested and unexplored notions of challenges affecting CHWs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) informed by the Silences Framework. This framework defines experiences that are under-explored, misunderstood or difficult to share because of the often invisible power relations within communities, but also in setting the research agenda. These challenges include the heavy workload imposed by several stakeholders, dealing with religious and cultural practices, and gendered barriers of care. The workload of CHWs is a major source of stress and anxiety as they have to balance both government and other stakeholders’ agendas to deliver interventions with their own need to provide for their families for those whose work is unpaid. The tensions of CHWs carrying out their work among members of the community whose religious or cultural beliefs are different from theirs also needs to be considered. Gender issues are an impediment to the work of CHWs, particularly with community members of the opposite sex around sensitive health issues. Lastly, CHWs have found themselves victims of domestic suspicion while fulfilling their duties in communities, such as when seen having conversations with spouses of other individuals in the community. Solutions to these challenges need to be co-produced with CHWs to both to strengthen their relationship with the communities they serve and shape more sustainable interventions for delivery of healthcare in LMICs.

Increased opposite sex association is linked with fitness benefits, otherwise sociality is subject to stabilising selection in a wild passerine

Animal sociality, an individuals propensity to association with others, has consequences for fitness, and particularly mate choice. For example, directly, by increasing the pool of prospective partners, and indirectly through increased survival. Individuals benefit from both over the short-term as these benefits are associated with mating status and subsequent fecundity, but whether animal sociality also translates into fitness is unknown. Here, we quantified social associations and their link with annual and lifetime fitness, measured as the number of recruits and in de-lifed fitness. We measured this in birds visiting a feeding station over two non-breeding periods, using social network analysis and a multi-generational genetic pedigree. We find high individual repeatability in sociality. We found that individuals with an average sociality had the highest fitness, and that birds with more opposite-sex associates had higher fitness, but this did not translate to improved lifetime fitness. For lifetime fitness, we found evidence for stabilizing selection on between sex sociality measures, suggesting that such benefits are only short-lived in a wild population.

Vliv rodičovských charakteristik na výběr partnera

The aim of this report is to present the research project „Effect of parental characteristics on mate choice“ supported by the Czech Science Foundation (GA18–15168S). It is a multidisciplinary project involving not only psychological but also biological and chemical methods, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the studied phenomenon. The main aim of the project is to investigate whether people choose mates similar to their opposite-sex parents in the face, body odor, voice, temperament, and personality.

Sex Difference in Plasma Deoxyribonuclease Activity in Rats

Extracellular DNA (ecDNA) activates immune cells and is involved in the pathogenesis of diseases associated with inflammation such as sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis or metabolic syndrome. DNA can be cleaved by deoxyribonucleases (DNases), some of which are secreted out of cells. The aim of this experiment was to describe plasma DNase activity in relation to extracellular DNA in adult rats, to analyse potential sex differences and to prove whether they are related to endogenous testosterone. Adult Lewis rats (n=28) of both sexes were included in the experiment. Male rats were gonadectomized or sham-operated and compared to intact female rats. Plasma ecDNA and DNase activity were measured using fluorometry and single radial enzyme diffusion assay, respectively. Concentrations of nuclear ecDNA and mitochondrial ecDNA were determined using real-time PCR. Females had 60% higher plasma DNase activity than males (p=0.03). Gonadectomy did not affect plasma DNase in males. Neither the concentration of total ecDNA, nor nuclear or mitochondrial DNA in plasma differed between the groups. No significant correlations between DNase and ecDNA were found. From previous studies on mice, it was expected, that male rats will have higher DNase activity. In contrast, our study in rats showed the opposite sex difference. This sex difference seems not to be caused by endogenous testosterone. Interestingly, no sex differences were observed in plasma ecDNA suggesting a complex or missing association between plasma ecDNA and DNase. The observed sex difference in plasma DNase should be taken into account in animal models of ecDNA-associated diseases.

Penyimpangan Seksual sebagai Alasan Terjadinya Perceraian Menurut Pengadilan Agama Cibinong:

Sexual deviation as a reason for divorce has given a negative and ambiguous stigma to society, especially to the views of judges and Islamic law based on these factors which are the study of sexual deviation as a reason for divorce. Therefore this research is entitled: Sexual Deviance As the Reason for Divorce According to PA Cibinong. The formulation of the problem from this research is to answer (1) What are the factors causing divorce in the Cibinong Religious Court, (2) What is the Judge's view on sexual deviation as a reason for divorce, (3) What is the view of Islamic Law on Sexual Deviance as a reason occurrence of divorce. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative which is carried out to find out what the views of Islamic law on sexual deviance are as well as the impact that occurs due to sexual deviant behavior on marriage. This study uses primary data, namely observations in an object, interviews and secondary data sourced from Case Number: 5318/Pdt.G/2018/PA.Cbn, documents, books, and so on that are related to this research. The results of this research with factors that cause sexual deviance are due to weak faith, unable to contain lust, and the arrival of this aspect in almost every aspect of modern life that grows and develops not on the basis of the concept of religion. sexual intercourse without regard to the satisfaction of the opposite sex and in practice it is often accompanied by violence (hitting, kicking, etc.) which results in injury to the partner. So according to the Cibinong Religious Court Judge when viewed from PP No. 9 of 1975 Article 19 of this Sex Deviance can be categorized as a reason for divorce, in point d of the article it is explained, ie one party commits cruelty or severe abuse that endangers the other party in general about sexual violence in the household, and sexual deviance in particular is a new reason that is used as a reason for divorce before the court. without paying attention to the satisfaction of the opposite sex and not infrequently in practice it is spiked by violence (hitting, kicking, etc.) which results in injury to their partner. So according to the Cibinong Religious Court Judge when viewed from PP No. 9 of 1975 Article 19 of this Sex Deviance can be categorized as a reason for divorce, in point d of the article it is explained, that is, one party commits atrocities or severe abuse that endangers the other party in general about sexual violence in the household, and sexual deviance in particular is a new reason that is used as a reason for divorce before the court. Sexual violence in the household or sexual irregularities in the household that are widely used as reasons for divorce are physical violence, such as beatings, economic violence, in terms of economic neglect. Meanwhile, psychological violence and sexual deviations are rarely revealed in court. Unless these two types of deviation are simultaneously experienced by victims with physical violence. Keywords: Court, Judgment, Deviant Factors

Sex Differences in Migraine: A Twin Study

Migraine is a neurological disorder with a prominent sex difference such that two thirds of sufferers are female. The mechanisms behind the preponderance of migraine in women have yet to be elucidated. With data on 51,872 participants from the Swedish Twin Registry, we report results from two distinct analyses intended to clarify the degree to which genetic and environmental factors contribute to sex differences in migraine. First, we fit a sex-limitation model to determine if quantitative genetic differences (i.e., is migraine equally heritable across men and women) and/or qualitative genetic differences (i.e., are different genes involved in migraine across men and women) were present. Next, we used a multilevel logistic regression model to compare the prevalence of migraine in individuals from opposite-sex and same-sex twin pairs to determine whether differences in the prenatal hormone environment contribute to migraine risk. In the final analytic sample, women were found to have a significantly higher rate of migraine without aura relative to men (17.6% vs. 5.5%). The results from an ADE sex-limitation model indicate that migraine is equally heritable in men and women, with a broad sense heritability of 0.45, (95% CI = 0.40–0.50), while results from a reduced AE sex-limitation model provide subtle evidence for differences in the genes underlying migraine across men and women. The logistic regression analysis revealed a significant increase in migraine risk for females with a male co-twin relative to females with a female co-twin (OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.26–1.81). These results suggest that the prominent sex difference in migraine prevalence is not entirely accounted for by genetic factors, while demonstrating that masculinization of the prenatal environment may increase migraine risk for females. This effect points to a potential prenatal neuroendocrine factor in the development of migraine.

PAREMIA OF DIFFERENT PEOPLES OF THE WORLD AND THEIR GENDER SPECIFITY

Постановка задачи. В фокусе исследования в рамках данной статьи стоят паремии Великобритании и других народов мира. Целью является рассмотрение их авторства с позиций гендерной принадлежности. В статье выявляются субъект и объект высказывания с точки зрения гендера. Результаты. В результате проведенных исследований были выделены характеристики, которые могут явиться основанием для установления гендерного авторства пословиц и поговорок. Были выделены содержательные характеристики, релевантные для установления гендера автора, которые включают имплицитные и эксплицитные гендерные маркеры авторства, т.е. прямые и косвенные указания на гендер автора. Под имплицитными маркерами подразумеваются аксиологические характеристики качеств характера и поступков в пословицах; характер сравнений в паремии. Под эксплицитными маркерами понимаются рекомендательный и инструктивный характер пословиц в отношении поведения с противоположным полом; словосочетания your wife ; эксплицитная оценка интимных радостей, получаемых от женщины. Выводы. Анализ материала позволил сделать следующие выводы относительно гендерной паремии народов мира: имеет место значительный количественный перевес пословиц, характеризующих женщину по сравнению с характеристикой мужчины; в оценках женщины и жены доминирует пейоративная оценка; сравнения в отношении женщин носят негативный характер; многие высказывания о женщинах весьма грубы и резки и содержат ругательные лексемы в отношении женщин; многие пословицы «инструктируют» мужчин, как вести себя с женщиной, которая рассматривается как источник опасности для мужчины. Это указывает на то, что автором пословиц и поговорок у народов мира являются преимущественно мужчины, а паремия как разновидность фольклора является в основном мужским жанром. Statement of the problem. The present research aims to investigate the authorship of paremia of different nations of the world from the point of view of gender. The gender aspect of the subject and the object of a peremian statement are determined. Data from this study come from the proverbs and sayings of the peoples of the world in English. For the study, the following methods were used: an inductive method, a semantic analysis method, an analysis of dictionary definitions, a method of comparing various national cultures, a quantity method, a method of correlation of language and social phenomena. Results. Our research reveals different characteristics which may be the basis for the establishment of the gender of authorship of proverbs and sayings. Some characteristics of a paremian statement that include implicit and explicit gender markers of authorship are considered relevant for revealing the author's gender. Implicit markers imply the axiological characteristics of personality of men and women in proverbs, their comparisons with animals and tools of labor. The explicit markers imply recommendations and guidance how to behave with the opposite sex; references to ‘your wife’; mention of sexual joys received from a woman. Conclusion. The findings of the research have indicated the following: there is a significant quantitative advantage of proverbs characterizing a woman compared to the characteristics of a man; In assessments of women and wives negative evaluation dominates; Comparisons for women are negative; Many statements about women are extremely coarse and cutting and contain abusive lexemes against women; Many proverbs "instruct" men, how to behave with a woman who is considered to be a source of danger for a man. These factors indicate that authors of most proverbs and sayings in the world are predominantly a man. Paremia as a kind of folklore is mainly a male genre.

Ideal body image for the opposite sex and its association with body mass index

This research studied the preferences reported by women and men about their Ideal Body Image for the Opposite Sex (IBIOS), and its association with body mass index (BMI). It also analysed the preferences of each sex for a woman’s ideal body image (W-IBI) and a man’s ideal body image (M-IBI). A total of 450 participants aged 18–70 years with different weights were studied. Their IBIOS was assessed using standard figural stimuli. The sample was divided in four groups by sex and age (<45 years; ≥45 years). Sex and age differences in IBIOS, as well as sex differences in the preferences for a woman’s ideal body image (W-IBI) and a man’s ideal body image (M-IBI), were tested using a non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. The association between IBIOS and BMI was analysed using Spearman’s correlation. In all groups, the most chosen silhouette as IBIOS was number 4. In the under-45 years group, women chose bigger silhouettes for the opposite sex than men did (p<0.05). In this age group women chose as ideal smaller silhouettes for the female body than men did (p<0.01). In addition, women and men in the younger age group and with normal weight chose smaller silhouettes, while those who were overweight or obese selected larger silhouettes (p<0.001). Age was found to be a relevant factor in IBIOS preferences, and in the association between IBIOS and nutritional status as measured by BMI, which was only observed to be significant in the younger age group.