scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of club-foot treatment in low-income and middle-income countries by the Ponseti method

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. e000023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caris E Grimes ◽  
Hampus Holmer ◽  
Jane Maraka ◽  
Birhanu Ayana ◽  
Linda Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Club Foot ◽  
Ponseti Method ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

scholarly journals The cost-effectiveness of hypertension management in low-income and middle-income countries: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. e002213
Author(s):  
Deliana Kostova ◽  
Garrison Spencer ◽  
Andrew E Moran ◽  
Laura K Cobb ◽  
Muhammad Jami Husain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
National Income ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Cost

Hypertension in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) is largely undiagnosed and uncontrolled, representing an untapped opportunity for public health improvement. Implementation of hypertension control strategies in low-resource settings depends in large part on cost considerations. However, evidence on the cost-effectiveness of hypertension interventions in LMICs is varied across geographical, clinical and evaluation contexts. We conducted a comprehensive search for published economic evaluations of hypertension treatment programmes in LMICs. The search identified 71 articles assessing a wide range of hypertension intervention designs and cost components, of which 42 studies across 15 countries reported estimates of cost-effectiveness. Although comparability of results was limited due to heterogeneity in the interventions assessed, populations studied, costs and study quality score, most interventions that reported cost per averted disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) were cost-effective, with costs per averted DALY not exceeding national income thresholds. Programme elements that may reduce cost-effectiveness included screening for hypertension at younger ages, addressing prehypertension, or treating patients at lower cardiovascular disease risk. Cost-effectiveness analysis could provide the evidence base to guide the initiation and development of hypertension programmes.

scholarly journals The Economics of HIV/AIDS in Low-Income Countries: The Case for Prevention

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Canning
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

There are two approaches to reducing the burden of sickness and death associated with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): treatment and prevention. Despite large international aid flows for HIV/AIDS, the needs for prevention and treatment in low- and middle-income countries outstrip the resources available. Thus, it becomes necessary to set priorities. With limited resources, should the focus of efforts to combat HIV/AIDS be on prevention or treatment? I discuss the range of prevention and treatment alternatives and examine their cost effectiveness. I consider various arguments that have been raised against the use of cost-effectiveness analysis in setting public policy priorities for the response to HIV/AIDS in developing countries. I conclude that promoting AIDS treatment using antiretrovirals in resource-constrained countries comes at a huge cost in terms of avoidable deaths that could be prevented through interventions that would substantially lower the scale of the epidemic.

scholarly journals Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cost-effectiveness of Rotavirus Vaccine in Low-Income and Lower-Middle-Income Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabbir Haider ◽  
Usa Chaikledkaew ◽  
Montarat Thavorncharoensap ◽  
Sitaporn Youngkong ◽  
Md Ashadul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries

scholarly journals Is palliative care cost-effective in low-income and middle-income countries? A mixed-methods systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Anderson Reid ◽  
Olga Kovalerchik ◽  
Karen Jubanyik ◽  
Stuart Brown ◽  
Denise Hersey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Healthcare Utilisation ◽  
High Income ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Patient Reported

IntroductionOf the 40 million people globally in need of palliative care (PC), just 14% receive it, predominantly in high-income countries. Within fragile health systems that lack PC, incurable illness is often marked by pain and suffering, as well as burdensome costs. In high-income settings, PC decreases healthcare utilisation, thus enhancing value. Similar cost-effectiveness models are lacking in low-income and middle-income countries and with them, the impetus and funding to expand PC delivery.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of seven databases to gather evidence of the cost-effectiveness of PC in low-income and middle-income countries. We extracted and synthesised palliative outcomes and economic data from original research studies occurring in low-income and middle-income countries. This review adheres to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and includes a quality appraisal.ResultsOur search identified 10 eligible papers that included palliative and economic outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries. Four provided true cost-effectiveness analyses in comparing the costs of PC versus alternative care, with PC offering cost savings, favourable palliative outcomes and positive patient-reported and family-reported outcomes.ConclusionsDespite the small number of included studies, wide variety of study types and lack of high-quality studies, several patterns emerged: (1) low-cost PC delivery in low-income and middle-income countries is possible, (2) patient-reported outcomes are favourable and (3) PC is less costly than the alternative. This review highlights the extraordinary need for robust cost-effectiveness analysis of PC in low-income and middle-income countries in order to develop health economic models for the delivery of PC, direct resource allocation and guide healthcare policy for PC delivery in low-income and middle-income countries.

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of neonatal surgery for congenital anomalies in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000755
Author(s):  
Na Eun Kim ◽  
Dominique Vervoot ◽  
Ahmad Hammouri ◽  
Cristiana Riboni ◽  
Hosni Salem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Neonatal Surgery ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
The Cost

IntroductionCongenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of death in children under 5 years old globally (591 000 deaths reported in 2016). Over 95% of deaths occur in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). It is estimated that two-thirds of the congenital anomaly health burden could be averted through surgical intervention and that such interventions can be cost-effective. This systematic review aims to evaluate current evidence regarding the cost-effectiveness of neonatal surgery for congenital anomalies in LMICs.Methods and analysisA systematic literature review will be conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scielo, Google Scholar, African Journals OnLine and Regional WHO’s African Index Medicus databases for articles on the cost-effectiveness of neonatal surgery for congenital anomalies in LMICs. The following search strings will be used: (1) congenital anomalies; (2) LMICs; and (3) cost-effectiveness of surgical interventions. Articles will be uploaded to Covidence software, duplicates removed and the remaining articles screened by two independent reviewers. Cost information for interventions or procedures will be extracted by country and condition. Outcome measurements by reported unit and cost-effectiveness ratios will be extracted. Methodological quality of each article will be assessed using the Drummond checklist for economic evaluations. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s Effective Health Care Program guidance will be followed to assess the grade of the studies.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval is required for conducting the systematic review. There will be no direct collection of data from individuals. The finalised article will be published in a scientific journal for dissemination. The protocol has been registered with PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews).ConclusionCongenital anomalies form a large component of the global health burden that is amenable to surgical intervention. This study will systematically review the current literature on the cost-effectiveness of neonatal surgery for congenital anomalies in LMICs.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020172971.

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