scholarly journals Traumatic life events and risk of post-traumatic stress disorder among the Indigenous population of regional, remote and metropolitan Central-Eastern Australia: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e040875
Author(s):  
Bushra F Nasir ◽  
Emma Black ◽  
Maree Toombs ◽  
Steve Kisely ◽  
Neeraj Gill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Indigenous Australians ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Australian Population ◽  
Traumatic Life Events ◽  
Lifetime Trauma ◽  
Post Traumatic

ObjectiveTrauma is reported by 70% of the global population and 4% of those exposed develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but data from Indigenous populations are limited. We aimed to determine the prevalence, types and age of occurrence of traumatic events among community-living Indigenous Australians and associations with PTSD.DesignLifetime trauma and PTSD were quantified among a broadly representative sample of 544 Indigenous participants using a diagnostic clinical interview. Logistic regression examined predictors of PTSD.SettingMetropolitan, regional and remote areas of Southern Queensland and Northern New South Wales.ParticipantsIndigenous Australians 18 years and older.Outcome measuresPrevalence of traumatic life events and risk of PTSD.Results64.9% of participants (standardised prevalence 62.6%) reported lifetime trauma, with more than one trauma category in 62.3%. Females reported 2.3 times more sexual violence, otherwise no gender differences existed. The prevalence of four common trauma categories were 1.7–3.0 times higher than in the Australian population; physical violence being the highest relative risk. Although overall childhood trauma was not increased, sexual or physical violence before age 15 was twice more common than in the Australian population.The standardised prevalence of 12-month PTSD was 13.3% (95% CI 10.4 to 16.1), 16.1% (95% CI 12.2 to 19.9) in females and 8.2% (95% CI 5.3 to 11.1) in males, three times the Australian rates. In multiple regression analysis, independent predictors of PTSD were female gender (OR 2.1), rural residence (OR 3.0), trauma under age 10 (OR 2.2), sexual (without physical) violence (OR 2.5), physical (without sexual) violence (OR 2.3), and both sexual and physical violence (OR 5.0).ConclusionIndigenous Australians are more likely to experience potentially harmful traumas and develop PTSD than other Australians. Mitigation of trauma among Indigenous Australians, particularly childhood exposure and sexual or physical violence, is essential to reduce their high burden of PTSD.

scholarly journals Resilience in the aftermath of war trauma: a critical review and commentary

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 20140008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett T. Litz
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
War Trauma ◽  
Service Members ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Traumatic Life Events ◽  
Military Trauma ◽  
The Face ◽  
Post Traumatic

The resilience construct has received a great deal of attention as a result of the long wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. The discourse about resilience, especially the promise of promoting it and mitigating risk for serious post-traumatic negative outcomes among service members and veterans, is hopeful and encouraging. Remarkably, most service members exposed to horrific war trauma are not incapacitated by the experience. Yet, resilience is elusive and fleeting for many veterans of war. In this paper, I address some of the complexities about resilience in the context of exposure to war stressors and I offer some assumptions and heuristics that stem from my involvement in the dialogue about resilience and from experiences helping prevent post-traumatic stress disorder among active-duty service members with military trauma. My goal is to use my observations and applied experiences as an instructive context to raise critical questions for the field about resilience in the face of traumatic life-events.

scholarly journals Depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in females exposed to intimate partner violence

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youmna Sabri
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

Abstract Background United Nations considered intimate partner violence (IPV) as a serious problem affecting 35% of females all over the world requesting action to face this problem. There is strong evidence that the effect of violence against women has short-term and long-term negative outcomes on women physical health such as pain, wounds, fractures or even death in addition to serious psychiatric disorders for example anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The study aims to evaluate the prevalence of different subtypes of (IPV) in a group sample of married females. Also, the current study will examine the relation of intimate partner violence with subsequent depression and post-traumatic stress disorder disorders among those females. Results This study highlights subtypes of intimate partner violence among the studied females according to the Composite Abuse Scale (CAS); the highest prevalence type of violence is harassment (72.2%) followed by physical violence (57.8%), severe combined violence (54.4%), emotional violence (53.3%), and finally the last one is sexual abuse (7.8%). Post-traumatic stress disorder distribution among studied females; the highest prevalence (n = 37, 41.1%) had mild PTSD, followed by 23 (25.6%) who were normal, and then n = 20 (22.2%) who had severe PTSD, while the least prevalence (n = 10, 11.1%) had moderate PTSD. In concern to depressive disorder distribution among studied females, the highest prevalence (n = 33, 36.7%) were normal, followed by 29 (32.2%) who had moderate depression, and then n = 12 (1.3%) who had severe depression, n = 9 (10.0%) who had mild depression, while the least prevalence (n = 7, 7.8%) had very severe depressive symptoms. Conclusions This study found that the prevalence of intimate partner violence among the studied females is high. In addition, the presence of a strong relationship between all subtypes of intimate partner violence and the diagnosis of PTSD and depressive disorder among studied females. Potential implications; these results can be applied clinically as females are exposed to the burden of IPV and should be helped empowered in various ways such as providing psychiatric counselling for those females.

Traumatic life events and development of post-traumatic stress disorder among female factory workers in a developing country

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Jennelle Fitch ◽  
Xiao Yu ◽  
Lung-Chang Chien ◽  
Mohammad Monjurul Karim ◽  
Hasanat Alamgir
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
Garment Workers ◽  
Traumatic Life Events ◽  
Post Traumatic

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be more prevalent and burdensome in developing countries. Aims: The goals of this study were to (1) determine the prevalence of PTSD, (2) identify types and number of traumas related to screening positive for PTSD and (3) determine other sociodemographic risk factors and health/medical conditions that may be correlated to PTSD among garment-factory workers and a comparable working population in Bangladesh. Method: A survey was administered to a convenient sample of 607 lower socio-economic status (SES) working women in Bangladesh, 310 of who were garment workers. The primary outcome PTSD was measured by the PTSD Checklist. The Life Events Checklist determined the number and type of traumatic events. Results: The prevalence of PTSD was found to be 17.79% – 7.25% in garment workers and 21.55% in the comparison worker group. In multivariate analysis, PTSD was found to be significantly associated with age, income, chronic pain and number of stressful events. Participants between 45–50 years of age had the greatest odds of reporting PTSD – 15.68 fold (95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.08, 60.29) compared with those younger than 24 years. PTSD was more common in those with lower income (2,000–4,000 taka) (odds ratio (OR) = 1.60; 95% CI = 0.79, 3.26), who had chronic pain (OR = 2.48; 95% CI = 1.51, 4.07) and who experienced over three traumatic life events (OR = 11.25; 95% CI = 4.59, 27.59). The mean number of traumatic events experienced by this entire population was 4.9 with PTSD being more likely in those who experienced physical assault (OR = 6.35; 95% CI = 4.07, 9.90), who caused serious harm or death to someone else (OR = 4.80; 95% CI = 1.36, 16.87) and who had exposure to combat or war (OR = 4.76; 95% CI = 1.17, 19.34). Conclusion: Undiagnosed and untreated PTSD impacts the quality of life and decrease worker productivity among working-age women in this developing country.

scholarly journals The network structure of ICD ‐11 complex post‐traumatic stress disorder across different traumatic life events

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-401
Author(s):  
Thanos Karatzias ◽  
Mark Shevlin ◽  
Philip Hyland ◽  
Menachem Ben‐Ezra ◽  
Marylène Cloitre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Traumatic Life Events ◽  
Post Traumatic

scholarly journals Introduction to Volume 29, Issue 3

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Pau Pérez-Sales ◽  
Chris Dominey
Keyword(s):  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Functional Improvement ◽  
Editorial Team ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic

We close Volume 29 with an issue of Torture Journal focused on measuring processes and results, a subject that has always been considered a priority for the sector. There is a dearth of studies on long-term follow-up to assess rehabilitation success. The paper by Martin Hill and Mary Lynn Everson, “Indicators likely to contribute to clinical and functional improvement among survivors of politically-sanctioned torture” is unique in the length of post-treatment follow-up, and provides an innovative approach in the measurement of rehabilitation outcomes through a structured measure of functional aspects with an instrument designed at the Kovler Center in Chicago. In addition, in the framework of the interminable debate over whether clinical categories of psychiatric classifications respond effectively to the experience of torture victims, Marie Louison Vang and colleagues present in their paper “Testing the validity of ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD among refugees in treatment using latent class analysis,” a validation study through multivariate models to distinguish between the classic Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) diagnosis and the new Complex Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in refugee and torture survivor populations. The results show that this new diagnosis not only complements the previous one but both approaches represent an improved nosological classification and definition of the experiences of torture survivors. Kim Baranowski and collaborators, in their paper, “Experiences of gender-violence in women asylum seekers from Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala” propose, supported by the evidence gathered, that types of violence experienced by these women are multi-intersectional, and that restricted categorisation of the concept of torture can ignore the experiences of asylum-seeking women, whose lives, both in their countries of origin, in transit and in the host country, are persistently affected by structural, psychological and physical violence perpetrated by state and nonstate actors alike. Finally, Kristi Rendahland Pamela Kriege Santoso offer in their contribution “Organizational development with torture rehabilitation programs: An applied perspective,” a personal, non-data-driven text representing their experience in supporting the creation of torture victim centres in different countries within the framework of the CVT’s Partners in Trauma Healing (PATH) Project.In this last issue of the journal we would like to thank all the authors that have chosen Torture Journal as the platform to share their research. In particular, we extend our thanks to those anonymous reviewers who have devoted hours and effort to the indispensable task of giving us their critical and constructive view of the journal’s articles. Without them the publication would not be possible.We believe that this issue of the Torture Journal will undoubtedly provide many elements of reflection for our readers. We hope you enjoy reading it as much as we enjoyed preparing it.Torture Journal Editorial Team

scholarly journals The Relative Effects of Intimate Partner Physical and Sexual Violence on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptomatology

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Bennice ◽  
Patricia A. Resick ◽  
Mindy Mechanic ◽  
Millie Astin
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Battered Women ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Violence Severity

This study examined the relative effects of intimate partner physical and sexual violence on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptomatology. Severity of physical and sexual violence as well as PTSD severity were assessed in a sample of 62 help-seeking battered women. The results of this study were consistent with prior research, finding significant and positive relationships between physical and sexual violence as well as sexual violence and PTSD symptoms. In order to further clarify these relationships, the unique effects of sexual violence on PTSD were examined after controlling for physical violence severity. Results indicated that sexual violence severity explained a significant proportion of the variance in PTSD severity beyond that which was already accounted for by physical violence severity. These findings have important implications for mental health and social service professionals who work with battered women.

Predictive factors of chronic Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in rape victims

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Darves-Bornoz ◽  
JP Lépine ◽  
M Choquet ◽  
C Berger ◽  
A Degiovanni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Rape Victims ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Chronic Ptsd ◽  
Post Traumatic

SummaryThis study aimed to investigate the psychological disorders following rape as well as the course of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and to determine clinical factors predictive of chronic PTSD. Seventy-three rape victims were observed in a systematic follow-up study over 1 year following rape using structured interview schedules. The frequency of PTSD was massive. The early disorders predicting PTSD 1 year after rape included somatoform and dissociative disorders, agoraphobia and specific phobias as well as depressive and gender identity disorders and alcohol abuse. Through stepwise logistic regressions, the following were found to be good models of prediction of chronic PTSD 1 year after rape: for the characteristics of the traumas, intrafamily rape, being physically assaulted outside rape, and added physical violence during rape; for the early psychological and behavioural attitudes, low self-esteem, permanent feelings of emptiness and running away; and for early mental disorders, agoraphobia and depressive disorders. Finally, among all these predictive factors, added physical violence during rape, low self-esteem, permanent feelings of emptiness and agoraphobia were shown to constitute a strong model of predictors. People presenting features such as the predictive factors of chronic PTSD found in the study should be asked about a history of rape and symptoms of PTSD.

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