scholarly journals Spatial analysis of the prevalence of obesity and overweight among women in Ghana

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e041659
Author(s):  
Killian Asampana Asosega ◽  
Atinuke Olusola Adebanji ◽  
Iddrisu Wahab Abdul
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Spatial Lag Model ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Lag Model ◽  
Effective Public Health ◽  
Average Body

ObjectiveIdentifying hot spots for the overweight aids in effective public health interventions due to the associated public health burden and morbidities. This study, therefore aimed to explore and determine the spatial disparities in the overweight/obesity prevalence among women in Ghana. The study also aims at modelling the average body mass index (BMI) values using the spatial regression and the performance compared with the standard regression model.DesignThis is a cross-sectional study using data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS).SettingThe study was set in Ghana.Participants and methodsData on 4393 non-pregnant women aged 15–49 years from the 2014 GDHS. Both global (Moran’s I) and the local indicators for spatial dependence were examined through the mapped BMI values across the country by clusters. An estimated spatial lag model was used to explain the spatial differences in the average body sizes of women.ResultsThe overall prevalence of overweight/obesity among reproductive women in Ghana was 35.4%, and this was highly prevalent among educated women (p<0.001), those from wealthy households (p<0.001) and dwelling in an urban setting (p<0.001). Significant clustering (Moran’s I=0.3145, p<0.01) of overweight/obesity was observed with hot spots (clustering) in Greater Accra, Central, Western and Ashanti regions. The spatial lag model was the best fit based on the Likelihood ratio test and the Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion values. The mean age of women and household wealth were significant factors accounting for the increase in the average cluster body size (BMI) of women and the spatial differences.ConclusionThe prevalence of overweight/obesity was high and spatially clustered in the southern, middle and coastal regions. Geographic specific and effective public health interventions and strategies are needed to address the growing morbidity burden associated with the rise in the average body sizes of reproductive women.

scholarly journals Fistula as a Public Health challenge in Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamoon Noushad ◽  
Shershah Syed ◽  
Sadaf Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Obstetric Fistula ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Effective Public Health ◽  
The Impact

Aims: To explore the impact of obstetric fistula in the county and to propose effective public health interventions that can help to prevent the condition with a long-term goal of eradicating the condition. Methods: The survey and analysis included secondary data addressing women's experiences of fistula; dynamics and limitationsdetermining women's access to in healthcare facilities for fistula management; and restraintsof health professional as well as health inequities. Results: It was assessed that recently, many hospitals and organizations in the country go on board on intercessions to address the impact of the illness, however, much importance is on pinpointing and discussing the existing cases rather than focusing on public health interventions that can help to prevent and eventually eradicate the condition in Pakistan.

Immunization

2010 ◽  
pp. 93-109
Author(s):  
Claudia L. Swanton ◽  
Barbara J. Timm ◽  
Heidi K. Roeber Rice
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
The Public ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
China And India ◽  
Effective Public Health

The use of vaccines can be traced back to China and India before 200 BC. Vaccination, now considered one of the most effective public health interventions, became common practice in the 1940s with the introduction of vaccines for diphtheria and tetanus. Since that time, many infectious diseases have been well controlled through vaccination. This chapter focuses on live and attenuated bacterial and viral vaccines and those that are composed of toxoids. Hepatitis B, pneumococcal disease, and influenza are the most common vaccine-preventable diseases in adults. Rates of childhood vaccination remain suboptimal. Ideally, vaccination begins before infants are dismissed home after birth. Targeted awareness campaigns can be used to educate providers and the public about the importance of immunization.

scholarly journals Variations in Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions by State Correlate with COVID-19 Disease Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika J Avery ◽  
Jiayi Wang ◽  
Xinyu Ma ◽  
Qingkai Pan ◽  
Elizabeth E McGrady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Effective Public Health ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the lack of understanding around effective public health interventions to curtail the spread of an emerging respiratory virus. Here, we examined the public health approaches implemented by each state to limit the spread and burden of COVID-19. Our analysis revealed that stronger statewide interventions positively correlated with fewer COVID-19 deaths, but some neighboring states with distinct intervention strategies had similar SARS-CoV-2 case trajectories. Additionally, more than two weeks is needed to observe an impact on SARS-CoV-2 cases after an intervention is implemented. These data provide a critical framework to inform future interventions during emerging pandemics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document