scholarly journals Will vaccination refusal prolong the war on SARS-CoV-2?

2020 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2020-138903
Author(s):  
Robert Marcec ◽  
Matea Majta ◽  
Robert Likic
Keyword(s):  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Opinion Survey ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Public Opinion Survey ◽  
Vaccination Response ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

IntroductionSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus that appeared in Wuhan, China in January 2020 and caused a global pandemic drastically changing everyday life. Currently, there are vaccine candidates in clinical trials and development, so it is only a matter of time before one is authorised for human use.Materials and methodsWe collected public opinion survey results about attitudes towards SARS-CoV-2 vaccination conducted in 2020 in 26 European countries.ResultsThe pooled surveys were conducted on a total of 24 970 participants; on average only 58% (n=14 365/24 970) of responders across Europe were willing to get a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine once it becomes available, 16% (n=3998/24 970) were neutral, and 26% (n=6607/24 970) were not planning to vaccinate against SARS-CoV-2. Such a low vaccination response could make it exceedingly difficult to reach the herd immunity threshold for SARS-CoV-2 through vaccination.ConclusionIt is very important to start conducting educational public health activities on the topic of vaccination as soon as possible, before a vaccine becomes available, in order to improve attitudes towards SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Only by educating the general public about the benefits, safety and efficacy of vaccines can we hope to avoid the unnecessary prolongation of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Comparing Citizens' Use of E-Government to Alternative Service Channels

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher G. Reddick
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Opinion Survey ◽  
Public Opinion Survey ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Alternative Service ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Service Channels

This article examines the role e-government has over citizens’ when they initiate contact with their government. It also compares the influence that other contact channels have on citizens’ contacts with government. A public opinion survey is analyzed to determine what factors explain the different methods of contacting government, namely through the phone, e-government, visiting a government office, or a combination of approaches. This article also analyzes citizens’ preferred method of contacting government, examining different types of information or assistance that citizens’ can get from government. The results of this study indicate that e-government is just one of many possible service channels that citizens use, with the phone being the most common. The overall importance of the survey results indicate that e-government is just one contact channel for citizens, and resources should also be devoted towards other contact channels given their importance as well to citizens.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccines: Current Understanding on Immunogenicity, Safety, and Further Considerations

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian He ◽  
Qunying Mao ◽  
Jialu Zhang ◽  
Lianlian Bian ◽  
Fan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Data ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Clinical Testing ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Second Wave

The world has entered the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, and its intensity is significantly higher than that of the first wave of early 2020. Many countries or regions have been forced to start the second round of lockdowns. To respond rapidly to this global pandemic, dozens of COVID-19 vaccine candidates have been developed and many are undergoing clinical testing. Evaluating and defining effective vaccine candidates for human use is crucial for prioritizing vaccination programs against COVID-19. In this review, we have summarized and analyzed the efficacy, immunogenicity and safety data from clinical reports on different COVID-19 vaccines. We discuss the various guidelines laid out for the development of vaccines and the importance of biological standards for comparing the performance of vaccines. Lastly, we highlight the key remaining challenges, possible strategies for addressing them and the expected improvements in the next generation of COVID-19 vaccines.

scholarly journals COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and vaccine passports: Vaccination or restriction?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohei Okamoto ◽  
Kazuki Kamimura ◽  
Kohei Komamura
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Objectives: While the development of vaccines against the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) brought the hope of establishing herd immunity, which might help end the global pandemic, vaccine hesitancy can hinder the progress towards herd immunity. In this study, we assess the determinants of vaccine hesitancy, reasons for hesitation, and effectiveness of vaccine passports in relaxing public health restrictions. Methods: Through an online survey that includes a conjoint experiment of a demographically representative sample of 5,000 Japanese adults aged 20-74, we assess the determinants of vaccine hesitancy, reasons for hesitation, and effectiveness of hypothetical vaccine passports. Results: We found that about 30% of respondents did not intend to vaccinate or have not yet decided, with major reasons for vaccine hesitancy being related to concerns about the safety and side effects of the vaccine. In line with previous findings, younger age, lower socioeconomic status, and psychological factors such as weaker COVID-19 fear were associated with vaccine hesitancy. The easing of public health restrictions such as travel, wearing face masks, and dining out at night was associated with an increase in vaccine acceptance by 4-10%. Conclusion: Vaccine hesitancy can be reduced by mitigating the concerns about vaccine safety and side effects, as well as by relaxing public health restrictions. However, the feasibility of vaccine passports needs to be sufficiently assessed, taking the ethical issues of passports and the public health impacts of the relaxation of restrictions into careful consideration.

Comparing Citizens' Use of e-Government to Alternative Service Channels

2010 ◽  
pp. 268-282
Author(s):  
Christopher G. Reddick
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Government Information ◽  
Opinion Survey ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Public Opinion Survey ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Alternative Service ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Service Channels

This chapter examines the role that e-government has over citizens’ lives when they initiate contact with their government. It also compares the influence that other contact channels have on citizens’ contacts with government. A public opinion survey is analyzed to determine what factors explain the different methods of contacting government, namely through the phone, e-government, visiting a government office, or a combination of approaches. There also is an analysis of the preferred choice of contacting government, examining different types of information or assistance that citizens’ can get from government. The results of this study indicate that e-government is just one of many possible service channels that citizens’ use, with the phone being the most commonly used. Citizens that use e-government, compared to other contact channels, are more likely to have high expectations of its impact on their search. When citizens need government information they are more likely to prefer the Internet; however, when citizens have a problem they are more likely to prefer the phone. The overall importance of the survey results indicate that e-government is just one contact channel for citizens, and resources should also be devoted towards other contact channels given their importance as well to citizens.

Comparing Citizens’ use of E-Government to Alternative Service Channels

2011 ◽  
pp. 82-96
Author(s):  
Christopher G. Reddick
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Opinion Survey ◽  
Public Opinion Survey ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Alternative Service ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Service Channels

This chapter examines the role e-government has over citizens’ when they initiate contact with their government. It also compares the influence that other contact channels have on citizens’ contacts with government. A public opinion survey is analyzed to determine what factors explain the different methods of contacting government, namely through the phone, e-government, visiting a government office, or a combination of approaches. This chapter also analyzes citizens’ preferred method of contacting government, examining different types of information or assistance that citizens’ can get from government. The results of this study indicate that e-government is just one of many possible service channels that citizens use, with the phone being the most common. The overall importance of the survey results indicate that e-government is just one contact channel for citizens, and resources should also be devoted towards other contact channels given their importance as well to citizens.

Comparing Citizens’ use of E-Government to Alternative Service Channels

2012 ◽  
pp. 1090-1104
Author(s):  
Christopher G. Reddick
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Opinion Survey ◽  
Public Opinion Survey ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Alternative Service ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Service Channels

This chapter examines the role e-government has over citizens’ when they initiate contact with their government. It also compares the influence that other contact channels have on citizens’ contacts with government. A public opinion survey is analyzed to determine what factors explain the different methods of contacting government, namely through the phone, e-government, visiting a government office, or a combination of approaches. This chapter also analyzes citizens’ preferred method of contacting government, examining different types of information or assistance that citizens’ can get from government. The results of this study indicate that e-government is just one of many possible service channels that citizens use, with the phone being the most common. The overall importance of the survey results indicate that e-government is just one contact channel for citizens, and resources should also be devoted towards other contact channels given their importance as well to citizens.

Comparing Citizens’ Use of E-Government to Alternative Service Channels

2012 ◽  
pp. 160-174
Author(s):  
Christopher G. Reddick
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Opinion Survey ◽  
Public Opinion Survey ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Alternative Service ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Service Channels

This article examines the role e-government has over citizens’ when they initiate contact with their government. It also compares the influence that other contact channels have on citizens’ contacts with government. A public opinion survey is analyzed to determine what factors explain the different methods of contacting government, namely through the phone, e-government, visiting a government office, or a combination of approaches. This article also analyzes citizens’ preferred method of contacting government, examining different types of information or assistance that citizens’ can get from government. The results of this study indicate that e-government is just one of many possible service channels that citizens use, with the phone being the most common. The overall importance of the survey results indicate that e-government is just one contact channel for citizens, and resources should also be devoted towards other contact channels given their importance as well to citizens.

Synthetic and semi-synthetic drugs as promising therapeutic option for the treatment of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekta Shirbhate ◽  
Preeti Patel ◽  
Vijay K Patel ◽  
Ravichandran Veerasamy ◽  
Prabodh C Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Clinical Experiences ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

: The novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), a global pandemic that emerged from Wuhan, China has today travelled all around the world, so far 216 countries or territories with 21,732,472 people infected and 770,866 deaths globally (as per WHO COVID-19 update dated August 18, 2020). Continuous efforts are being made to repurpose the existing drugs and develop vaccines for combating this infection. Despite, to date, no certified antiviral treatment or vaccine prevails. Although, few candidates have displayed their efficacy in in vitro studies and are being repurposed for COVID-19 treatment. This article summarizes synthetic and semi-synthetic compounds displaying potent activity in their clinical experiences or studies against COVID-19 and also focuses on mode of action of drugs being repositioned against COVID-19.

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