Visual hallucinations

2021 ◽  
pp. practneurol-2021-003016
Author(s):  
Rimona S Weil ◽  
A J Lees
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Visual Loss ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Visual Hallucinations ◽  
Charles Bonnet Syndrome ◽  
Peduncular Hallucinosis ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
The Brain

Visual hallucinations have intrigued neurologists and physicians for generations due to patients’ vivid and fascinating descriptions. They are most commonly associated with Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, but also occur in people with visual loss, where they are known as Charles Bonnet syndrome. More rarely, they can develop in other neurological conditions, such as thalamic or midbrain lesions, when they are known as peduncular hallucinosis. This review considers the mechanisms underlying visual hallucinations across diagnoses, including visual loss, network dysfunction across the brain and changes in neurotransmitters. We propose a framework to explain why visual hallucinations occur most commonly in Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, and discuss treatment approaches to visual hallucinations in these conditions.

Frontal and associative visual areas related to visual hallucinations in dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease with dementia

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Sanchez-Castaneda ◽  
Ramon Rene ◽  
Blanca Ramirez-Ruiz ◽  
Jaume Campdelacreu ◽  
Jordi Gascon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Visual Hallucinations ◽  
Visual Areas ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease With Dementia

scholarly journals TRIM9, a novel brain-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase, is repressed in the brain of Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunikazu Tanji ◽  
Tetsu Kamitani ◽  
Fumiaki Mori ◽  
Akiyoshi Kakita ◽  
Hitoshi Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
The Brain

A review of the perceptual and attentional-executive characteristics of dementia with Lewy bodies relative to Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Revie ◽  
Anthony Bayer ◽  
Christoph Teufel ◽  
Claudia Metzler-Baddeley
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Visual Hallucinations ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Neurodegenerative Dementia ◽  
Cognitive Fluctuations

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative dementia disorder, after Alzheimer’s disease (AD). DLB is characterised clinically by cognitive fluctuations, visual hallucinations, rapid-eye-movement sleep behaviour disorder, and Parkinsonism. Differentiating DLB from AD and related disorders of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Parkinson’s disease with dementia (PDD) can be difficult at early disease stages due to overlapping clinical and pathological features. Nevertheless, it has been shown that visuoperceptual, attention and executive deficits, relative to memory impairments, are especially prominent in the early stages of DLB compared with AD or PD. The importance of these impairments is reflected in the recent revision of the diagnostic consensus guidelines of DLB. As the last reviews of cognitive impairments in DLB were conducted over a decade ago (Collerton, Burn, McKeith & O’Brien, 2003; Metzler-Baddeley, 2007; Ralph, 2001), we provide an up-to-date review of the literature into perceptual and attention-executive functions in DLB. There is a need for better controlled studies into cognitive deficits, their neural correlates, and relationships to clinical symptoms in DLB, that go beyond standard clinical assessments. Evidence regarding visuoperception suggests that low-level functions may be relatively preserved while mid- and higher-level functions, that require the recruitment of attention and executive functions are disproportionally affected in DLB. Cognitive fluctuations and visual hallucinations may arise from a desynchronization of top-down attention and bottom-up sensory networks.

Differences in glucose metabolism between dementia with Lewy bodies and dementia associated with Parkinson's disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (S 4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Häussermann ◽  
A.O Ceballos-Baumann ◽  
H Förstl ◽  
R Feurer ◽  
B Conrad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Lewy Bodies

Generalized Rhythmic Delta Activity Frontally Predominant Differentiates Dementia With Lewy Bodies From Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease Dementia: A Conventional Electroencephalography Visual Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 155005942199714
Author(s):  
Lucia Zinno ◽  
Anna Negrotti ◽  
Chiara Falzoi ◽  
Giovanni Messa ◽  
Matteo Goldoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Delta Activity ◽  
Rhythmic Delta Activity

Introduction. An easily accessible and inexpensive neurophysiological technique such as conventional electroencephalography may provide an accurate and generally applicable biomarker capable of differentiating dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease-associated dementia (PDD). Method. We carried out a retrospective visual analysis of resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) recording of 22 patients with a clinical diagnosis of 19 probable and 3 possible DLB, 22 patients with probable AD and 21 with PDD, matched for age, duration, and severity of cognitive impairment. Results. By using the grand total EEG scoring method, the total score and generalized rhythmic delta activity frontally predominant (GRDAfp) alone or, even better, coupled with a slowing of frequency of background activity (FBA) and its reduced reactivity differentiated DLB from AD at an individual level with an high accuracy similar to that obtained with quantitative EEG (qEEG). GRDAfp alone could also differentiate DLB from PDD with a similar level of diagnostic accuracy. AD differed from PDD only for a slowing of FBA. The duration and severity of cognitive impairment did not differ between DLB patients with and without GRDAfp, indicating that this abnormal EEG pattern should not be regarded as a disease progression marker. Conclusions. The findings of this investigation revalorize the role of conventional EEG in the diagnostic workup of degenerative dementias suggesting the potential inclusion of GRDAfp alone or better coupled with the slowing of FBA and its reduced reactivity, in the list of supportive diagnostic biomarkers of DLB.

Correlations between gray matter reductions and cognitive deficits in dementia with Lewy Bodies and Parkinson's disease with dementia

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 1740-1746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Sanchez-Castaneda ◽  
Ramon Rene ◽  
Blanca Ramirez-Ruiz ◽  
Jaume Campdelacreu ◽  
Jordi Gascon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease With Dementia
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