New tobacco and nicotine products in Latin America and the Caribbean: assessing the market and regulatory environment

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2021-056959
Author(s):  
Eric Crosbie ◽  
Gianella Severini ◽  
Alexandra Beem ◽  
Brian Tran ◽  
Ernesto Marcelo Sebrie
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Market Research ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Regulatory Environment ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Tobacco Epidemic ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
New Generation

ObjectiveTo document the regulatory environment of new tobacco and nicotine products (NTNPs), including electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and heated tobacco products (HTPs), in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC).MethodsReview of market research reports and databases, regulatory websites, Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, relevant published literature and the 2021 WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic.ResultsENDS entered the LAC market in the 2010s and are now available in most LAC countries. A majority of LAC countries (n=18) have either banned the commercialisation of ENDS (n=7) or regulated ENDS as tobacco products (n=7), medicinal products (n=1) or consumer products (n=3). The remaining LAC countries (n=15) do not regulate ENDS. HTPs were first introduced in 2017 and have been officially launched in five countries (Colombia, Guatemala, Dominican Republic, Mexico and Costa Rica). Few countries have banned HTP commercialisation (n=3) or regulated commercialisation and use (n=7), while the majority of countries have existing legislation that applies to HTPs (n=19). A few countries (n=4) have no tobacco control legislation and therefore do not regulate HTPs.ConclusionNTNPs are emerging products in the LAC region. Governments should follow WHO guidance and the decisions of the Conference of Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and ban or regulate NTNPs as tobacco products; otherwise NTNPs could create a new generation of tobacco and nicotine users.

scholarly journals The role of organized civil society in tobacco control in Latin America and the Caribbean

2010 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. S330-S339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Marcet Champagne ◽  
Ernesto Sebrié ◽  
Verónica Schoj
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
The Caribbean

Latin American Cities

2018 ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
Carles Crosas
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Urban Imaginary ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
New Generation ◽  
American Cities

During the nineteenth century, capital cities in Latin America established a new generation of “green” grids, inherited from the tradition of Hispanic colonization that introduced new elements of modernity: technique, transport, and ecology. From hundreds of cases, it is worth paying attention to those that are most outstanding for embodying a number of characteristics: certain isolated condition, perfect geometrical layout, tram connection, “hygienist” inspiration, innovative engineering, new urban imaginary, etc. The brief presentation of some cases in Buenos Aires, México DF, Montevideo, and Sao Paolo leads the authors to assess the outstanding case of El Vedado in La Habana (1859) within its contemporary panorama. This is a canonical grid district settled in a vast and privileged area near the Caribbean Sea, with its quiet tree-lined streets and notable for its exquisite buildings. After 150 years, reviewing the transformation of this unique grid allows one to gain insight regarding the flexibility of urban grids, appreciate the splendour of its past, and explore the potential for its future.

scholarly journals Heated tobacco products: another tobacco industry global strategy to slow progress in tobacco control

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. s111-s117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella A Bialous ◽  
Stanton A Glantz
Keyword(s):  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies ◽  
Tobacco Epidemic ◽  
Slow Progress

There has been a global decline in tobacco consumption that, if continued, will negatively impact the tobacco industry’s profits. This decline led the industry to invent and market new products, including heated tobacco products (HTP). HTP are an extension of the industry’s strategies to undermine government’s tobacco regulatory efforts as they are being promoted as part of the solution for the tobacco epidemic. Under the moniker of ‘harm reduction’, the tobacco companies are attempting to rehabilitate their reputation so they can more effectively influence governments to roll back existing tobacco control policies or create exemptions for their HTP. Rolling back tobacco control policies will make it easier for the companies to renormalise tobacco use to increase social acceptability for all their products. When regulations are absent or when loopholes exist in classifying HTP as a tobacco product (thus subject to all tobacco control regulations), the industry’s marketing of HTP is making these products more visible to the public and more accessible. Governments need to ensure that HTP are regulated as tobacco products or drugs and reject partnerships with the tobacco companies to promote ‘harm reduction’. The tobacco companies remain the vector of the tobacco-caused epidemic and cannot be part of the global tobacco control solution.

The tobacco epidemic in Latin America and the Caribbean: A snapshot

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Bianco ◽  
Beatriz Champagne ◽  
Joaquin Barnoya
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Tobacco Epidemic ◽  
The Caribbean

scholarly journals The Impact of Prices and Taxes on the Use of Tobacco Products in Latin America and the Caribbean

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (S6) ◽  
pp. S492-S502 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Emmanuel Guindon ◽  
Guillermo R. Paraje ◽  
Frank J. Chaloupka
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Impact of Prices and Taxes on the Use of Tobacco Products in Latin America and the Caribbean

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. e9-e19 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Emmanuel Guindon ◽  
Guillermo R. Paraje ◽  
Frank J. Chaloupka
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Global Tobacco Epidemic, the Plain Packaging of Tobacco Products, and the World Trade Organization

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Rimmer
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Plain Packaging ◽  
The World ◽  
Tobacco Epidemic ◽  
The Government

In response to complaints by Ukraine, Honduras, the Dominican Republic, Cuba, and Indonesia, the government of Australia has defended the introduction of plain packaging of tobacco products in the World Trade Organization. This article focuses upon the legal defence of Australia before the WTO Panel. A key part of its defence has been the strong empirical evidence for the efficacy of plain packaging of tobacco products as a legitimate health measure designed to combat the global tobacco epidemic. Australia has provided a convincing case that plain packaging of tobacco products is compatible with the TRIPS Agreement 1994, particularly the clauses relating to the aims and objectives of the agreement; the requirements in respect of trade mark law; and the parallel measures in relation to access to essential medicines. Australia has also defended the consistency of plain packaging of tobacco products with the TBT Agreement 1994. Moreover, Australia has provided clear reasons for why the plain packaging of tobacco products is compatible with GATT. The position of Australia has been reinforced by a number of third parties — such as New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Norway, Canada, and others — which have also been pioneers in tobacco control and public health. Australia’s leadership in respect of tobacco control and plain packaging of tobacco products is further supported by larger considerations in respect of international public health law, human rights, and sustainable development.

scholarly journals The FCTC dilemma on heated tobacco products

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukasz Gruszczynski ◽  
Margherita Melillo
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Control Paradigm ◽  
The Future ◽  
Tobacco Epidemic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Regulatory Model

Abstract Background In October 2018, the Conference of the Parties of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC or Convention) adopted its first decision on novel and emerging tobacco products, including heated tobacco products (HTPs). The decision remains ambiguous, e.g. by making a distinction between tobacco sticks and HTP devices. Against this background, the article seeks to answer two interrelated questions: whether and to what extent HTPs are covered by the FCTC, and whether regime provided by the Convention is suitable for their regulation. Results HTPs need to be classified under the FCTC as tobacco products. The distinction made by the Conference of the Parties between sticks and devices leads however to unsatisfactory results as it creates loopholes in tobacco control standards existing at the international level. A better approach, as argued in this article, is to conceptualize the notion of ‘tobacco products’ in functional terms as a combination of both a device and stick. While subjecting HTPs to all FCTC disciplines is, in light of our current scientific knowledge, a rational approach, such classification can be modified in the future once a sufficient amount of new evidence on their risk profile is collected. Any decision on the optimal regulatory model for HTPs will need to take into account not only health risks and potential benefits for individual users, but also the specific systemic concerns (e.g. HTPs as a gateway product). The state of scientific research is however not the only factor that will determine the fate of HTPs under the Convention. What is equally important is a conceptualization of the FCTC’s objectives. If a complete eradication of the tobacco epidemic is the ultimate goal, reduced levels of risk may not be enough to justify the different (i.e. more lenient) regulatory regime for HTPs. Conclusions The Conference of the Parties should clarify the definition of tobacco products in light of recent changes in the market. When designing the regulatory regime for HTPs under the FCTC in the future, one has to consider not only scientific evidence but also pay attention to the objective of the Convention (or more generally to the values that underlie the current tobacco control paradigm).

New Vaccines for Developing Countries: Will it Be Feast or Famine?

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 311-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Kim Andrus ◽  
Ciro de Quadros ◽  
Cuauhtemoc Ruiz Matus ◽  
Silvana Luciani ◽  
Peter Hotez
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Papillomavirus Infection ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Childhood Vaccines ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
New Generation ◽  
New Vaccines

AbstractThe Revolving Fund of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) has an almost 30 year track record of providing access to essential vaccines for the entire population of Latin America and the Caribbean region. The activities of the PAHO Revolving Fund, coupled with the provision of high-quality technical assistance, were crucial to the successful control, elimination, or eradication of most of the region's great childhood killers, including measles and polio. Today, however, the Revolving Fund faces new challenges in the form of procuring a new generation of vaccines for human papillomavirus infection, rotavirus, and pneumococcal disease, which are priced orders of magnitude higher than the traditional childhood vaccines. The high cost of these essential new vaccines may require the PAHO Revolving Fund to establish innovative financial mechanisms for procuring these products at prices affordable for national immunization programs in Latin America and the Caribbean. The alternative, namely to bypass the Revolving Fund, could severely threaten the health of the region, especially Latin America's poorest people.

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