Coconut oil supplementation and physical exercise improves baroreflex sensitivity and oxidative stress in hypertensive rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naiane F.B. Alves ◽  
Suênia K.P. Porpino ◽  
Matheus M.O. Monteiro ◽  
Enéas R.M. Gomes ◽  
Valdir A. Braga
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Trained Group ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

The hypothesis that oral supplementation with virgin coconut oil (Cocos nucifera L.) and exercise training would improve impaired baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and reduce oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was tested. Adult male SHR and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were divided into 5 groups: WKY + saline (n = 8); SHR + saline (n = 8); SHR + coconut oil (2 mL·day−1, n = 8); SHR + trained (n = 8); and SHR + trained + coconut oil (n = 8). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was recorded and BRS was tested using phenylephrine (8 μg/kg, intravenous) and sodium nitroprusside (25 μg·kg−1, intravenous). Oxidative stress was measured using dihydroethidium in heart and aorta. SHR + saline, SHR + coconut oil, and SHR + trained group showed higher MAP compared with WKY + saline (175 ± 6, 148 ± 6, 147 ± 7 vs. 113 ± 2 mm Hg; p < 0.05). SHR + coconut oil, SHR + trained group, and SHR + trained + coconut oil groups presented lower MAP compared with SHR + saline group (148 ± 6, 147 ± 7, 134 ± 8 vs. 175 ± 6 mm Hg; p < 0.05). Coconut oil combined with exercise training improved BRS in SHR compared with SHR + saline group (−2.47 ± 0.3 vs. −1.39 ± 0.09 beats·min−1·mm Hg−1; p < 0.05). SHR + saline group showed higher superoxide levels when compared with WKY + saline (774 ± 31 vs. 634 ± 19 arbitrary units (AU), respectively; p < 0.05). SHR + trained + coconut oil group presented reduced oxidative stress compared with SHR + saline in heart (622 ± 16 vs. 774 ± 31 AU, p < 0.05). In aorta, coconut oil reduced oxidative stress in SHR compared with SHR + saline group (454 ± 33 vs. 689 ± 29 AU, p < 0.05). Oral supplementation with coconut oil combined with exercise training improved impaired BRS and reduced oxidative stress in SHR.

Oral supplementation with the rutin improves cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity and vascular reactivity in hypertensive rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1099-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leônidas das Graças Mendes-Junior ◽  
Matheus Morais de Oliveira Monteiro ◽  
Alynne dos Santos Carvalho ◽  
Thyago Moreira de Queiroz ◽  
Valdir de Andrade Braga
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Sensitivity Test ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Oral Supplementation

The hypothesis that oral supplementation with the flavonoid rutin improves baroreflex sensitivity and vascular reactivity in hypertensive (2-kidney-1-clip (2K1C)) rats was tested. Sixty-four rats were divided in 4 groups: sham + saline; sham + rutin; 2K1C + saline, and 2K1C + rutin. Six weeks after 2K1C surgery, the animals were treated with saline or rutin (40 mg·kg−1·day−1) by gavage for 7 days. Baroreflex sensitivity test using phenylephrine (8 μg·kg−1, iv) and sodium nitroprusside (25 μg·kg−1, iv), vascular reactivity, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay were performed. Baroreflex sensitivity in hypertensive rats was impaired and compared with sham (−2.77 ± 0.15 vs. –1.53 ± 0.27 beats·min−1·mm Hg−1; n = 8; p < 0.05). Oral supplementation with rutin restored baroreflex sensitivity in 2K1C rats (−2.40 ± 0.24 vs. –2.77 ± 0.15 beats·min−1·mm Hg−1; n = 8; p > 0.05). Besides, hypertensive rats have greater contraction to phenylephrine (129.49% ± 4.46% vs. 99.50% ± 11.36%; n = 8; p < 0.05), which was restored by rutin (99.10% ± 1.77% vs. 99.50% ± 11.36%; n = 8; p > 0.05). Furthermore, vasorelaxation to acetylcholine was diminished in hypertensive rats (96.42% ± 2.80% vs. 119.35% ± 5.60%; n = 8; p < 0.05), which was also restored by rutin (117.55% ± 6.94% vs. 119.35% ± 5.60%; n = 8; p > 0.05). Finally, oxidative stress was greater in hypertensive rats (1.54 ± 0.12 vs. 0.53 ± 0.12 nmol MDA·mL−1; n = 8; p < 0.05) and rutin supplementation significantly decreased oxidative stress in those animals (0.70 ± 0.13 vs. 1.54 ± 0.12 nmol MDA·mL−1; n = 8; p < 0.05). We concluded that oral supplementation with rutin restores impaired baroreflex sensitivity and vascular reactivity in hypertensive rats by decreasing oxidative stress.

Exercise training modifies myocardial mitochondria and myofibril growth in spontaneously hypertensive rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (1) ◽  
pp. H8-H14
Author(s):  
R. P. Crisman ◽  
R. J. Tomanek
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Pressure Overload ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

We tested the hypothesis that exercise training provides a stimulus that could modify the decrement in mitochondria-to-myofibril volume ratio characteristic of myocardial cells hypertrophied in response to a pressure overload. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were trained 5 days/wk on a treadmill at 70-90% maximal VO2 between the ages of 6 and 16 wk corresponding to the development of hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. The training program increased maximal VO2 and effected a resting bradycardia but did not alter blood pressure, left ventricular hypertrophy, or peak cardiac output. Our stereological data from electron micrographs shows that the decrement in mitochondrial volume density and the increase in myofibril volume density characteristic of SHR compared with their normotensive controls (WKY, Wistar-Kyoto rats) were reversed. Thus the relative volumes of mitochondria and myofibrils and their ratio in trained SHR were similar to those of the WKY group. The similarity was noted in myocytes from both the subepicardium and subendocardium. These data suggest that exercise training facilitates a proportional growth of energy-producing and energy-consuming organelles in SHR and that this effect is not secondary to modification of blood pressure or left ventricular mass.

scholarly journals Exercise training normalizes an increased neuronal excitability of NTS-projecting neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in hypertensive rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (10) ◽  
pp. 2912-2921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier E. Stern ◽  
Patrick M. Sonner ◽  
Sook Jin Son ◽  
Fabiana C. P. Silva ◽  
Keshia Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Autonomic Control ◽  
Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus ◽  
Behavioral Approach ◽  
Repetitive Firing ◽  
Shr Rats ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Wistar Kyoto

Elevated sympathetic outflow and altered autonomic reflexes, including impaired baroreflex function, are common findings observed in hypertensive disorders. Although a growing body of evidence supports a contribution of preautonomic neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to altered autonomic control during hypertension, the precise underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we aimed to determine whether the intrinsic excitability and repetitive firing properties of preautonomic PVN neurons that innervate the nucleus tractus solitarii (PVN-NTS neurons) were altered in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Moreover, given that exercise training is known to improve and/or correct autonomic deficits in hypertensive conditions, we evaluated whether exercise is an efficient behavioral approach to correct altered neuronal excitability in hypertensive rats. Patch-clamp recordings were obtained from retrogradely labeled PVN-NTS neurons in hypothalamic slices obtained from sedentary (S) and trained (T) Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and SHR rats. Our results indicate an increased excitability of PVN-NTS neurons in SHR-S rats, reflected by an enhanced input-output function in response to depolarizing stimuli, a hyperpolarizing shift in Na+ spike threshold, and smaller hyperpolarizing afterpotentials. Importantly, we found exercise training in SHR rats to restore all these parameters back to those levels observed in WKY-S rats. In several cases, exercise evoked opposing effects in WKY-S rats compared with SHR-S rats, suggesting that exercise effects on PVN-NTS neurons are state dependent. Taken together, our results suggest that elevated preautonomic PVN-NTS neuronal excitability may contribute to altered autonomic control in SHR rats and that exercise training efficiently corrects these abnormalities.

Dissociation between vascular oxidative stress and cardiovascular function in Wistar Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Sicard ◽  
Alexandra Oudot ◽  
Jean-Claude Guilland ◽  
Daniel Moreau ◽  
Catherine Vergely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Wistar Kyoto ◽  
Vascular Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Coconut oil supplementation reduces blood pressure and oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (S4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naiane Ferraz Bandeira Alves ◽  
Naiane Alves ◽  
Suênia Porpino ◽  
Matheus Monteiro ◽  
Thyago Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Aerobic exercise training improves oxidative stress and ubiquitin proteasome system activity in heart of spontaneously hypertensive rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 402 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Henrique Soares de Andrade ◽  
Wilson Max Almeida Monteiro de Moraes ◽  
Eduardo Hiroshi Matsuo Junior ◽  
Elizabeth de Orleans Carvalho de Moura ◽  
Hanna Karen Moreira Antunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome System ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
System Activity ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome

scholarly journals Exercise Training Attenuates Proinflammatory Cytokines, Oxidative Stress and Modulates Neurotransmitters in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla of Salt-Induced Hypertensive Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 1369-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Bao Li ◽  
Chan-Juan Huo ◽  
Qing Su ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Juan Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Ventrolateral Medulla ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
High Salt Diet ◽  
Salt Diet

Background/Aims: Exercise training (ExT) was associated with cardiovascular diseases including hypertension. The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is a key region for central control of blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the mechanisms within RVLM that can influence exercise training induced effects in salt-induced hypertension. Methods: Male Wistar rats were fed with a normal salt (0.3%) (NS) or a high salt (8%) (HS) diet for 12 weeks to induce hypertension. Then these rats were given moderate-intensity ExT for a period of 12 weeks. RVLM was used to determine glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (HPLC), phosphorylated IKKβ, Fra-LI, 67-kDa isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD67), proinflammatory cytokines (PIC) and NADPH-oxidase (NOX) subunits expression (Immunohistochemistry and Immunofluorescence, Western blotting). PIC and NF-κB p65 activity in the plasma were evaluated by ELISA studies. Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) was recorded and analyzed using the PowerLab system. Results: High salt diet resulted in increased mean arterial pressure and cardiac hypertrophy. These high salt diet rats had higher RVLM levels of glutamate, PIC, phosphorylated IKKβ, NF-κB p65 activity, Fra-LI, superoxide, NOX-2 (gp91phox) and 4, and lower RVLM levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid and GAD67, and higher plasma levels of PIC, norepinephrine, and higher RSNA. ExT attenuated these changes in salt-induced hypertensive rats. Conclusions: These findings suggest that high salt diet increases the activity of NF-κB and the levels of PIC and oxidative stress, and induces an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the RVLM. ExT attenuates hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy partially mediated by attenuating oxidative stress and modulating neurotransmitters in the RVLM.

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