A SPECIALIZED TOMATO FORM OF THE TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS IN CANADA

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blair H. MacNeill
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Specialized Form ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes

Extensive sampling of naturally infected field and greenhouse tomatoes has revealed the presence of a specialized form of the tobacco mosaic virus. This tomato form, readily differentiated from that commonly occurring in tobacco, has been found in widely separated geographic areas within Canada, and is the dominant, if not the only, form in tomato even in regions where tobacco and tomatoes are grown as contiguous crops. This specialization to tomato of a virus form distinct from that in tobacco does not support the view commonly held that smoking tobacco is the main source of inoculum for the mosaic disease in commercial tomatoes.

scholarly journals Milestones in research on tobacco mosaic virus

1999 ◽  
Vol 354 (1383) ◽  
pp. 521-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Harrison ◽  
T. M. A. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Resistance ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Avirulence Genes

Beijerinck's (1898) recognition that the cause of tobacco mosaic disease was a novel kind of pathogen became the breakthrough which led eventually to the establishment of virology as a science. Research on this agent, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), has continued to be at the forefront of virology for the past century. After an initial phase, in which numerous biological properties of TMV were discovered, its particles were the first shown to consist of RNA and protein, and X–ray diffraction analysis of their structure was the first of a helical nucleoprotein. In the molecular biological phase of research, TMV RNA was the first plant virus genome to be sequenced completely, its genes were found to be expressed by cotranslational particle disassembly and the use of subgenomic mRNA, and the mechanism of assembly of progeny particles from their separate parts was discovered. Molecular genetical and cell biological techniques were then used to clarify the roles and modes of action of the TMV non–structural proteins: the 126 kDa and 183 kDa replicase components and the 30 kDa cell–to–cell movement protein. Three different TMV genes were found to act as avirulence genes, eliciting hypersensitive responses controlled by specific, but different, plant genes. One of these (the N gene) was the first plant gene controlling virus resistance to be isolated and sequenced. In the biotechnological sphere, TMV has found several applications: as the first source of transgene sequences conferring virus resistance, in vaccines consisting of TMV particles genetically engineered to carry foreign epitopes, and in systems for expressing foreign genes. TMV owes much of its popularity as a research model to the great stability and high yield of its particles. Although modern methods have much decreased the need for such properties, and TMV may have a less dominant role in the future, it continues to occupy a prominent position in both fundamental and applied research.

scholarly journals Novel roles for well-known players: from tobacco mosaic virus pests to enzymatically active assemblies

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 613-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Koch ◽  
Fabian J Eber ◽  
Carlos Azucena ◽  
Alexander Förste ◽  
Stefan Walheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
High Yield ◽  
External Control ◽  
Immobilization Of Enzymes

The rod-shaped nanoparticles of the widespread plant pathogentobacco mosaic virus(TMV) have been a matter of intense debates and cutting-edge research for more than a hundred years. During the late 19th century, their behavior in filtration tests applied to the agent causing the 'plant mosaic disease' eventually led to the discrimination of viruses from bacteria. Thereafter, they promoted the development of biophysical cornerstone techniques such as electron microscopy and ultracentrifugation. Since the 1950s, the robust, helically arranged nucleoprotein complexes consisting of a single RNA and more than 2100 identical coat protein subunits have enabled molecular studies which have pioneered the understanding of viral replication and self-assembly, and elucidated major aspects of virus–host interplay, which can lead to agronomically relevant diseases. However, during the last decades, TMV has acquired a new reputation as a well-defined high-yield nanotemplate with multivalent protein surfaces, allowing for an ordered high-density presentation of multiple active molecules or synthetic compounds. Amino acid side chains exposed on the viral coat may be tailored genetically or biochemically to meet the demands for selective conjugation reactions, or to directly engineer novel functionality on TMV-derived nanosticks. The natural TMV size (length: 300 nm) in combination with functional ligands such as peptides, enzymes, dyes, drugs or inorganic materials is advantageous for applications ranging from biomedical imaging and therapy approaches over surface enlargement of battery electrodes to the immobilization of enzymes. TMV building blocks are also amenable to external control of in vitro assembly and re-organization into technically expedient new shapes or arrays, which bears a unique potential for the development of 'smart' functional 3D structures. Among those, materials designed for enzyme-based biodetection layouts, which are routinely applied, e.g., for monitoring blood sugar concentrations, might profit particularly from the presence of TMV rods: Their surfaces were recently shown to stabilize enzymatic activities upon repeated consecutive uses and over several weeks. This review gives the reader a ride through strikingly diverse achievements obtained with TMV-based particles, compares them to the progress with related viruses, and focuses on latest results revealing special advantages for enzyme-based biosensing formats, which might be of high interest for diagnostics employing 'systems-on-a-chip'.

scholarly journals NATURAL INFECTION OF Tobacco mosaic virus ON BUTTERNUT SQUASH IN BALI, INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
Listihani Listihani ◽  
Dewa Gede Wiryangga Selangga ◽  
Mimi Sutrawati
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Method ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Universal Primers ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Cucumber Plant ◽  
Universal Primer

Natural infection of Tobacco mosaic virus on butternut squash in Bali, Indonesia. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was a newly emerging virus infecting cucumbers in Indonesia since 2017. The mosaic disease caused by TMV potentially caused yield loss cucumber in Java. In 2019, mosaic symptoms were observed in butternut squash plants in Bali and molecular detection using universal primer of Tobamovirus indicated the presence of TMV infection. Further research was conducted to determine molecular characteristics of TMV on butternut squash plants in Bali. Specific DNA bands of Tobamovirus were amplified using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method, followed by DNA sequencing. The DNA were successfully amplified from CP Tobamovirus using universal primers from several butternut squash samples, i.e. Denpasar, Gianyar, Buleleng, and Karangasem Districts. The homology analysis of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of TMV among isolates from Denpasar, Gianyar, Buleleng, and Karangasem Districts was ranged between 95.6 – 97.7% and 98.1 – 99.4%, respectively. This indicated that low genetic diversity of TMV among Bali isolates. The highest homology of corresponding sequences of TMV isolates from Denpasar, Gianyar, Buleleng, and Karangasem Districts was closely related to TMV Kediri-Indonesia isolate on cucumber plant. Correspondingly, the phylogenetic analysis showed that TMV Bali isolates were categorized into same cluster with Kediri-Indonesia isolates. This was the first report of TMV on butternut squash in Indonesia.

scholarly journals SPECIFICITY OF THE PRECIPITIN REACTION IN TOBACCO MOSAIC DISEASE

1931 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Purdy Beale
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Host Protein ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Nicotiana Glutinosa ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Precipitin Reaction ◽  
Antigenic Material

1. Leaf extracts of Sudan grass, Hippeastrum equestre Herb., lily, and Abutilon striatum Dicks. (A. Thompsoni hort.), each affected with its respective mosaic disease, and peach affected with yellows disease, were tested for their ability to precipitate antiserum for virus extract of tobacco mosaic disease. No precipitate occurred. 2. Nicotiana glutinosa L., N. rustica L., and Martynia louisiana Mill. were added to the list of hosts of tobacco mosaic virus which have been tested with antiserum for the same virus in N. tabacum L. var. Turkish. The object was to determine the presence or absence of material reacting with the specific precipitins such as that already demonstrated in extracts of tomato, pepper, and petunia affected with the same virus. The presence of specific substances was demonstrated in every case. 3. The viruses of ringspot and cucumber mosaic diseases were multiplied in Turkish tobacco and leaf extracts of the affected plants were used in turn as antigens in precipitin tests with antiserum for tobacco mosaic virus extract of Turkish tobacco. A slight precipitation resulted in the tubes containing undiluted antiserum and virus extract such as occurs when juice from normal tobacco is used with undiluted antiserum. No precipitate was demonstrable that was specific for virus extracts of tobacco affected with either ringspot or cucumber mosaic disease. 4. The results favor the interpretation that the specific antigenic substance in virus extract of tobacco mosaic disease is foreign antigenic material, possibly virus itself, not altered host protein.

A Mosaic Disease of Leguminous Plants caused by a Strain of Tobacco Mosaic Virus

Nature ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 175 (4467) ◽  
pp. 1047-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. LISTER ◽  
J. M. THRESH
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Disease ◽  
Leguminous Plants
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