A chromatographic and cytological study of Dryopteris dilatata in North America and eastern Asia

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl-Johan Widén ◽  
Donald M. Britton
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Cytological Study ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Western North America ◽  
European Studies ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Phloroglucinol Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of

A chromatographic analysis of the phloroglucinol derivatives of 123 collections of Dryopteris intermedia Gray (2x), D. assimilis S. Walker (2x) from western North America, D. "dilatata" from eastern North America (2x), D. "austriaca" from Japan and Kamchatka, "Aspidium dilatatum" from Siberia, D. campyloptera Clarkson (4x) from eastern North America, D. spinulosa Watt (4x) from North America, the hybrids D. "dilatata" × campyloptera (3x) and D. intermedia × spinulosa (3x) is presented. D. "dilatata" from eastern North America has an extremely variable phloroglucinol content, which limits the utility of the analysis for taxonomy. The chromatographic and cytological results are discussed in connection with the evolution of the two tetraploid taxa, D. campyloptera and D. spinulosa. The intra-specific variability of each taxon is discussed and compared with the extensive European studies. The material investigated may be considered to belong to the following species: D. intermedia Gray (2x), D. assimilis S. Walker (2x), D. campyloptera Clarkson (4x), and D. spinulosa Watt (4x). Only two different ancestral genomes are considered to be present in these four species, one in the first three species, and two in D. spinulosa.

A chromatographic and cytological study of Dryopteris dilatata in eastern North America

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1337-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl-Johan Widén ◽  
Donald M. Britton
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Cytological Study ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Ancestral Genome ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Phloroglucinol Derivatives

The phloroglucinol derivatives found in the rhizomes of Dryopteris intermedia Gray, diploid D. "dilatata", and D. campyloptera Clarkson, all from eastern North America, are compared and contrasted with those found in D. assimilis S. Walker, D. dilatata A. Gray, and D. spinulosa Watt from Europe, as well as diploid D. “dilatata” from Alaska. The presence or absence, and the morphology, of internal secreting hairs in these species was useful for comparing taxa and suggesting evolutionary patterns. Chromatographic analysis gives many more categories or finer divisions of D. dilatata s.l. than does genome analysis, which has suggested that D. assimilis, D. intermedia, and western D. “dilatata” represent the same ancestral genome.

A chromatographic and cytological study of Dryopteris filix-mas and related taxa in North America

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1589-1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-J. Widén ◽  
D. M. Britton
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Cytological Study ◽  
The West ◽  
Chromatographic Pattern ◽  
Phloroglucinol Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Chromatographic Evidence

Chromatographic analyses of the phloroglucinol derivatives of 86 collections comprising Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott (4x), D. arguta (Kaulf.) Watt (2x), D. marginalis (L.) A. Gray (2x), and the hybrids D. filix-mas × marginalis (3x), D. cristata × marginalis (3x), D. goldiana × marginalis (2x), and D. intermedia × marginalis (2x) in North America is presented. Material of D. filix-mas from the West differed from that collected in the East. The western material was rich in filixic acid, and had a chromatographic spectrum similar to European D. filix-mas s. str. D. marginalis is lacking filixic acid, and is not closely related to D. filix-mas based on chromatographic evidence. Methylene-bisaspidinol, a compound not previously found in Dryopteris, was isolated from D. marginalis. D. arguta contains filixic acid, and has a chromatographic pattern close to that of D. abbreviata (DC.) Newman, which in turn is one of the ancestors of D. filix-mas s. str. in Europe. The influence of D. marginalis in the phloroglucinol spectrum of the interspecific hybrids studied was very strong except in the hybrid D. filix-mas × marginalis.

The Galium trifidum group (Galium sect. Aparinoides, Rubiaceae)

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (16) ◽  
pp. 1911-1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Puff
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
New Classification ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
North Western

By using morphology, karyology, pollen size, leaf flavonoids, ecological observations, and modification experiments, a new classification of the Galium trifidum group is proposed. Nine taxa in five species are recognized: (1) G. tinctorium, with ssp. tinctorium and sap. floridanum (new comb.) in eastern North America; (2) G. brevipes, a rare species centered in the Great Lakes region; (3) G. trifidum, with ssp. trifidum in northern North America. Asia, and Europe, ssp. columbianum (new comb.) in (north)western North America and (north)eastern Asia, and ssp. subbiflorum (new comb.) and ssp. halophilum (new comb.) in northern North America; (4) G. innocuum in southeastern Asia; (5) G. karakulense in central Asia.New chromosome counts of n = 12 and 2n = 24 are reported for G. tinctorium ssp. tinctorium and ssp. floridanum; and G. trifidum ssp. trifidum, ssp. columbianum, and ssp. subbiflorum.

Biogeographic relationships between the macrofungi of temperate eastern Asia and eastern North America

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 2108-2116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuxin Wu ◽  
Gregory M. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Key Words ◽  
North American ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Disjunct Distribution ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Key Words Biogeography

Eastern North America and temperate eastern Asia reportedly share a relatively high number of taxa of macrofungi (mushrooms and relatives), including a number of taxa that have putative eastern North America – temperate eastern Asia disjunct distributions. These reports have been used to imply an affinity between the mycota (fungal equivalent of flora and fauna) of the two regions. To date, however, this affinity has not been examined in detail. A comparison of north temperate macrofungal mycotas was undertaken to examine the similarity between these regions. We used two methods in this study: (i) direct comparison of taxon lists and (ii) calculation of the Simpson Coefficient of similarity from lists of selected taxa. These analyses were based on field work, herbarium records, and published taxonomic treatments for Amanita, Lactarius, Ramaria, and Boletaceae. Results of these analyses document that taxonomic similarity between eastern North America and temperate eastern Asia mycotas can be quite high. In all cases, the calculated similarity values for eastern North America – temperate eastern Asia comparisons are higher than those between either region of North America and Europe or between western North America and eastern Asia. Furthermore, the eastern North American and temperate eastern Asian disjunct distributions of macrofungi are usually limited to the level of species or lower. Key words: biogeography, China, disjunct distribution, macrofungi, North America, Simpson Coefficient.

scholarly journals Variability in Sorbitol : Sucrose Ratio in Mature Leaves of Different Prunus Species

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annick Moing ◽  
Nathalie Langlois ◽  
Laurence Svanella ◽  
Anne Zanetto ◽  
Jean-Pierre Gaudillère
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Eastern Asia ◽  
Prunus Species ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Western Asia

Sorbitol is a sugar alcohol, present with sucrose in Rosaceae trees, which seems to have a role in plant response to environmental stress. The aim of this study was to investigate variability in sorbitol : sucrose ratio in source leaves of 53 species or hybrids of Prunus. The studied taxa, representing three subgenera and 11 sections of the Prunus genus, were chosen from the Prunus collection at the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Bordeaux, France. Young mature leaves were sampled on three dates in spring and summer and were analyzed for neutral soluble sugars using high-performance liquid chromatography. There were differences in sorbitol : sucrose ratio according to sampling date and according to taxon. Sorbitol content increased and sucrose content decreased from May to July, leading to an increase in sorbitol : sucrose ratio. For each date, there was a high variability within botanical sections for sorbitol : sucrose ratio. The highest variability between species for sorbitol : sucrose ratio was in July, with P. cocomilia having the lowest ratio (1.15, w/w) and P. fremontii having the highest ratio (5.59, w/w). When species were pooled according to their geographical zone of origin, species originating from Japan showed the lowest sorbitol : sucrose ratio for all sampling dates. In July, species originating from Japan, Europe, and central to western North America had sorbitol : sucrose ratio significantly lower than that of species originating from Europe to western Asia, China to eastern Asia, and central to eastern North America. These results indicate that variability in sorbitol : sucrose ratio exists in the Prunus germplasm and seems to be related to the geographical origin of the species. Moreover, variability in sorbitol to sucrose ratio is high in the germplasm of different Prunus taxa.

Chemotaxonomic investigations on the Dryopteris cristata complex in North America

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1141-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-J. Widén ◽  
D. M. Britton
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Parent Species ◽  
Phloroglucinol Derivatives ◽  
First Time ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Allotetraploid Species

A chromatographic analysis of the phloroglucinol derivatives of 136 collections of D. ludoviciana (Kunze) Small (2x), D. goldiana (Hook.) A. Gray (2x), D. cristata (L.) A. Gray (4x), D. celsa (Palmer) Small (4x), D. clintoniana (D. C. Eaton) Dowell (6x), and six of their hybrids is presented. The phloroglucinol derivatives in these taxa exist as complicated mixtures of butyryl (B), propionyl, (P), and acetyl (A) homologs. Each taxon seems to contain different percentages of homologs. Albaspidin PA (I) and flavaspidic acid AB (IV) have been isolated from Dryopteris for the first time. Cytological results suggest that D. celsa and D. cristata are allotetraploid species derived from D. ludoviciana and D. goldiana; and D. ludoviciana and an unknown diploid, respectively; whereas D. clintoniana is an allohexaploid derived from D. goldiana and D. cristata. The chromatographic results support these interpretations. Phloroglucinol compounds that are found in the parent species also occur in their interspecific hybrids.

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