Breeding behavior and chromosome numbers among New Guinea and Java Impatiens species, cultivated varieties, and their interspecific hybrids

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 923-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan R. Beck ◽  
Jack L. Weigle ◽  
Eric W. Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Breeding Behavior ◽  
Chromosome Counts

Impatiens crosses were made among the following: P.I. 349629 (Java), P.I. 349586 (New Guinea), I. Itolstii, and "Tangerine." All crosses were successful except those made with I. Itolstii. Chromosome counts were as follows: P.I. 349629 = 16, P.I. 349586 = 32, I. Itolstii = 16, and "Tangerine" = 8. Chromosome counts of the hybrids were midway between the respective parents. Cytological studies indicated a similarity in chromosome morphology and size among all parents except I. holslii. A new genome count of 4 is reported for the genus Impatiens indicating a ploidy series in which x = 4.

scholarly journals Chromosome Numbers of Four Nigerian Species of Cola Schott. & Endlicher (Sterculiaceae).

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 42-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. O. Adebola ◽  
J. A. Morakinyo
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Mitotic Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
High Symmetry ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
First Time

Abstract This paper reports the results of chromosome countings in four wild Cola species (Cola lateritia, C. ballayi, C. verticillata and C. gigantea). Cytological investigation of these species gave a constant mitotic chromosome counts of 2n = 4x = 40 for the first time. The karyotypes were found to consist mostly of metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes. In addition to confirming the chromosome numbers and ploidy levels in these species, the results also reveals high symmetry and homogeneity of the karyotypes with those of the cultivated species (C. nitida and C. acuminata) already reported. The similarity in chromosome morphology between the cultivated and wild species indicate their common origin and suggests the possibility of using these wild species as bridges for gene transfer in Cola breeding programmes involving interspecific hybridization.

Chromosome evolution in Bulbine glauca (Asphodelaceae or Xanthorrhoeaceae subfam. Asphodeloideae) indicates six species, not one

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain S. F. Moore ◽  
Elizabeth A. Brown ◽  
Ian R. H. Telford ◽  
Jeremy J. Bruhl
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Chromosome Evolution ◽  
New South ◽  
Chromosome Count ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Granite Outcrops ◽  
Evolutionary Changes

The genus Bulbine Wolf has ~130 species in Africa and only seven species in Australia. Base chromosome numbers in African and Australian Bulbine are x = 7 and x = 12, respectively. This raises the possibility of Australian Bulbine being of polyploidy origin or, alternatively African Bulbine may have evolved through dysploid reduction. Previous chromosome counts in Bulbine glauca (Raf.) E.M.Watson were predominantly 2n = 46, with aneuploid numbers of 2n = 45, 44, 48, 47, 40 and 41 also being encountered within and between populations. Novel chromosome counts are presented here for a wide sample of populations of B. glauca, occurring on volcanic and granite outcrops along the New South Wales and Victorian tablelands and on granite outcrops in Tasmania. Chromosome numbers for Bulbine crassa D.I.Morris and Duretto is 2n = 26. The modal chromosome count for B. glauca is confirmed as 2n = 46 with no evidence of aneuploidy. The species complex shows a variable asymmetric karyotype across its distribution, indicating karyotypic evolution involving structural rearrangements. There appear to be six distinctive groups within the complex based on karyomorphology. Evolutionary changes in both B. glauca s. lat. and B. crassa appear to have not involved recent polyploidy. Variation in chromosome morphology across the B. glauca complex is consistent with our morphological evidence of more than one species.

Pollen fertility in Java × New Guinea Impatiens interspecific hybrids

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Pasutti ◽  
Jack L. Weigle
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Unreduced Gametes ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Viable Pollen ◽  
Plant Introductions ◽  
New Guinea Impatiens

Viable pollen-producing hybrids were obtained from the crosses New Guinea Impatiens Plant Introductions (P.I.'s) (2n = 32) × Java Impatiens P.I. 349629(2n = 16). The hybrids were crossed with a 24-chromosome amphidiploid ‘Tangeglow,’ resulting in 2n = 34-chromosome hybrids. One of these 34-chromosome hybrids was crossed with P.I. 349692 (2n = 16), producing two offspring having chromosome counts of 2n = 24 and 2n = 30. Subsequent crosses using the 30-chromosome hybrid showed a continuing tendency for production of viable partly unreduced gametes.

Chromosome numbers, meiotic behavior, and notes on tropical American grasses (Gramineae)

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerrit Davidse ◽  
Richard W. Pohl
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Meiotic Behavior ◽  
Chromosome Counts

Chromosome numbers and meiotic behavior are reported for 126 collections of grasses representing 50 genera and 111 species. First counts are given for the genera Leptothrium, n = 10, and Cryptochloa, 2n = 22 (somatic count). First chromosome counts are given for the following 25 species: Aristida recurvata, n = 11; Axonopus laxus, n = 20; Chloris mollis, n = 20; Chusquea longifolia, n = 20; Cryptochloa concinna, 2n = 22; Digitaria abyssinica, n = 18; Eragrostis airoides, n = 36; E. guianensis, n = 10; Eriochloa boxiana, n = 18; Gymnopogon foliosus, n = 10; Leptothrium rigidum, n = 10; Luziola pittieri, n = 12; L. spruceana, n = 24; Otachyrium inaequale, n = 10; Panicum cayennense, n = 27; P. chloroticiun, n = 18; P. schiffneri, n = 18; Pappophorum pappiferum, n = 30; Paspalum apiculatum, n = 10; P. arundinaceum, n = 30; P. contractum, n = 9; P. coryphaeum, n = 30; P. trachycoleon, n = 20; Setaria barbata, n = 27; and Trisetum foliosum, n = 28. Counts that differ from previously reported counts are given for the following 15 species: Axonopus chrysoblepharis, n = 10; Cenchrus brownii, n = 34; Digitaria horizontalis, n = 9, 27; Echinolaena gracilis, n = 10; Euclasta condylotricha, n = 10; Hyperthelia dissoluta, n = ca. 30; Ischaemum guianense, n = 18; Microchloa indica, n = 12; Paspalum candidum, n = 10; P. melanospermum, n = 20; P. prostratum, n = 10; Rhytachne rottboellioides, n = 16; Setaria paniculifera, n = 16; Sorghastrum incompletum, n = 20; and Thrasya petrosa, n = 30. Changes in nomenclature are indicated for Digitaria species whose chromosome numbers were reported in our earlier publications.

New chromosome numbers for rutaceae

1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
HM Stace ◽  
JA Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Cytological Data ◽  
Taxonomic Implications

Chromosome counts for 30 taxa, representing five genera, are reported for Rutaceae subfamily Rutoideae, mostly in the Australasian tribe Boronieae. We found n = 10 for Boronia algida which is previously unreported in the genus, and a sterile triploid taxon in Zieria. Generic chromosome numbers of n = 18 in Zieria, n = 16 in Phebalium and n = 14 in Eriostemon sens. lat. occur, while Boronia shows cytoevolution on n = 18, 11, 10, 9. Pollen sterility and possible apomixis is indicated in some species. Some taxonomic implications of cytological data in the tribe Boronieae are discussed.

NEW CHROMOSOME COUNTS IN OLD WORLD GESNERIACEAE: NUMBERS FOR SPECIES HITHERTO REGARDED ASCHIRITA, AND THEIR SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Christie ◽  
S. Barber ◽  
M. Möller
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Basic Number ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Old World ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Cytological Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Data ◽  
Primulina Tabacum

Chromosome numbers were determined in 23 accessions representing 21 species hitherto belonging toChirita(Gesneriaceae), a genus that has recently been remodelled and split into five different genera:Damrongia,Henckelia,Liebigia,MicrochiritaandPrimulina. The previously monotypicPrimulina tabacumwas also investigated. Counts for 19 species were new, two were confirmatory and two gave different numbers from previously published counts. The results here, together with previously published cytological data for the erstwhile genusChirita, were analysed in the light of the taxonomic revision of the genus and published phylogenetic data.Chiritawas originally highly heterogeneous in chromosome numbers, including seven different somatic numbers, 2n= 8, 18, 20, 28, 32, 34 and 36. Among the five remodelled genera,Henckeliawas found to be as equally heterogeneous as the erstwhileChirita,Microchiritaincluded only two chromosome numbers, 2n= 18 and 34, the three species ofDamrongiawere uniform with 2n= 18, while species belonging to the extendedPrimulinashowed only one basic number,x= 18, with 15 samples being diploid, and one being tetraploid. In the light of recent phylogenetic studies, polyploid as well as dysploid changes appear to have shaped the genomes of the newly defined generaHenckelia,Microchiritaand, to a lesser degree,Primulina.

Chromosome numbers of 15 North American bumble bee species (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombini)

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Robin E. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
North American ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Bumble Bees ◽  
Bumble Bee ◽  
Morphological Divergence ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Monophyletic Origin ◽  
The Social

Chromosome counts were obtained for 14 Bombus Latr. species (the social bumble bees) belonging to four subgenera and for one Psithyrus Lep. species (the social parasitic bumble bees). In Bombus the haploid numbers were consistent within each subgenus and there was variation between subgenera; the subgenera Bombus s.s. and Pyrobombus have n = 18, while Separatobombus and Cullumanobombus have n = 19. Thus considerable morphological divergence between subgenera is often, but not always, paralleled by divergence in chromosome number. Psithyrus ashtoni has n = 25, higher than all Bombus species yet examined. This provides support for the monophyletic origin of Psithyrus, but the high n is not expected if eusociality selects for increase in chromosome number.

A potential solution to the chromosome instability problem in hexaploid alfalfa, Medicago sativa L.

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Chromosome Instability ◽  
Chromosome Stability ◽  
Potential Solution ◽  
Chromosome Counts ◽  
Instability Problem ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
The Cross

Autohexaploid alfalfa (2n = 6x = 48) is chromosomally unstable, which prevents commercial use. The objective of this investigation was to test whether synthesizing Medicago hexaploids (2n = 6x = 48) that are alloautohexaploids results in chromosomally stable hexaploid populations. Previous research in our laboratory demonstrated a lack of affinity between the genomes of alfalfa and M. papillosa Boiss. Triploid (2n = 3x = 24) interspecific hybrids with two M. papillosa genomes and one genome of M. sativa were readily recovered from seed following the cross (2x) M. sativa × (4x) M. papillosa. For this study, the triploids were chromosomally doubled to produce alloautohexaploids, and these alloautohexaploids were used to test chromosome stability in hexaploids with no more than four homologous genomes. Chromosome counts of 47 progeny from intercrossing the alloautohexaploids demonstrated all were hexaploid, indicating chromosome stability. Designing novel genomic combinations based on genomic affinity may result in higher yielding alfalfa populations that have a modified cytogenetic structure.Key words: Medicago cancellata, Medicago papillosa, Medicago saxatilis, genomic affinity, hexaploids.

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