Effects of nitrogen addition on the population dynamics and flowering of Pulsatilla vernalis

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 732-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olle Kellner
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Single Fertilization ◽  
Flower Bud Formation ◽  
And Control

A population of Pulsatilla vernalis (L.) Mill, was studied in permanent plots for 8 years. Half the plots were fertilized with ammonium nitrate (15 g N/m2) at the start of the study. Mortality and natality in the ramet population were very low in both fertilized and control treatments. In contrast, there was a considerable between-year turnover of shoots within ramets in both treatments. The number of shoots increased threefold after fertilization and then gradually decreased to the original level. Flower-bud formation in unfertilized plots was lower in warm and dry years than in cooler, wetter ones. In fertilized plots, flower-bud formation was higher after fertilization irrespective of the climate at the time. The proportion of flower buds grazed was higher in fertilized plots. Even though the species is confined to nitrogen-poor habitats, a single fertilization did not adversely affect its performance. Key words: Pulsatilla vernalis, population dynamics, nitrogen, weather, forestry.

scholarly journals Factors influencing flower bud formation on the pear tree cultivar 'Doyenne du Comice'. I. Shoot growth and flower bud differentiation on trees sprayed with chlormequat and unsprayed ones

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciszka Jaumień
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Apple Tree ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Pear Tree ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Long Shoots ◽  
Flower Bud Differentiation ◽  
Flower Bud Formation

The growth of trees sprayed in spring with chlormequat is weaker, and their elongation growth ends 2 - 3 weeks earlier than that of unsprayed trees. Trees with growth inhibited by chlormequat set flower buds on the spurs and in the subapical part of long shoots. The course of flower bud differentiation starts in the second half of July and is similar to that in the apple tree.

THE EFFECTS OF PHOTOPERIOD, TEMPERATURE, AND LIGHT INTENSITY ON THE GROWTH OF THE LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY (VACCINIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM AIT.)

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1733-1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Hall ◽  
R. A. Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Photoperiodic Response ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Flower Bud Formation ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

A study of the effect of environmental factors on the growth and development of the lowbush blueberry was carried out using clonally propagated plants. In a preliminary study a definite photoperiodic response was found. Under 8-hour days flower buds were formed and no vegetative growth occurred. Under 16-hour days vegetative growth resulted and no flower bud formation occurred. In a replicated greenhouse experiment, seven clones produced flower buds with 8-, 10-, and 12-hour days, but produced none with 14- or 16-hour days. One clone produced flower buds with 8-, 10,- 12-, and 14-, but none with 16-hour days. Two clones were able to produce flower buds under all five photoperiods. Under 8- and 10- hour photoperiods no vegetative growth occurred. Under 12, 14, and 16 hours progressively more vegetative growth occurred. In an experiment on the interaction of temperature and photoperiod, vegetative growth was significantly greater at 70° F than at 50° F with the differences being accentuated by day length. Flower bud formation occurred with 11- and 13-hour photoperiods regardless of temperature, but was more pronounced at the higher temperatures. At 70° F, 15-hour photoperiod, no flower buds were formed while at 50° F, 15 hours, three clones produced no flower buds and six clones produced an abnormal type of inflorescence. Similar abnormal inflorescences were produced by giving plants 2, 3, or 4 weeks of 8-hour days. Six weeks of 8-hour days was sufficient to initiate normal inflorescences. Shade, provided by two layers of cheesecloth, significantly reduced the number of flower buds compared with full sunlight. The growth of the lowbush blueberry under field and laboratory conditions is discussed in relation to environmental factors.

USE OF GIBBERELLIC ACID TO HASTEN FLOWERING IN RUTABAGA

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 823-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ALI ◽  
V. SOUZA MACHADO
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Flower Bud Formation

In field conditions, rutabaga (Brassica napus ssp. Rapifera (Metzg.) Sinsk.) plants are biennials and require exposure to low temperature for completion of their life cycle to seed production state. When young rutabaga plants were thermoinduced (3–5 °C) for 8 wk and subsequently transferred to growth room conditions, formation of flower buds resulted in 6 wk. Flowering response was greatly enhanced if the plants were sprayed with GA3 (100 mg/L) prior to thermoinduction. Compared with untreated plants, the GA3-sprayed plants responded with flower bud formation after as little as 3 wk of cold treatment. A longer cold exposure (6–8 wk) of the GA3-sprayed plants resulted in rapid development and maturity of the inflorescence. This note emphasizes the pharmacological role of gibberellins as regulators of flowering and their usefulness to enhance seed production and plant breeding programs.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE CONTROL OF FLOWER BUD FORMATION BY TEMPERATURE AND DAYLENGTH IN RICE PLANTS : VIII. Phasic reversal from sexual to vegetative development of flower buds

1967 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yakichi Noguchi ◽  
Tetsuo Nakajima ◽  
Toshihiko Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Flower Bud Formation

scholarly journals Early Defoliation Reduces Flower Bud Counts on Rabbiteye Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 783-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Lyrene
Keyword(s):  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Flower Bud Formation ◽  
Commercial Field

Vigorous, upright shoots on mature V. ashei Reade cv. Aliceblue plants growing in a commercial field planting were used to study the effects of premature defoliation on flower bud formation. Three treatments (total shoot defoliation, alternate-node defoliation, and no defoliation) were applied on each of three dates (20 Aug., 17 Sept., and 15 Oct. 1987). For the August defoliation, the number of flower buds present per shoot on 6 Jan. of the following year averaged 1.3 for shoots that were totally defoliated, 3.7 for shoots on which alternate nodes had been defoliated, and 4.2 for control (nondefoliated) shoots. Shoots treated on 17 Sept. averaged 2.6 buds per shoot for total defoliation, 4.1 for alternate-node defoliation, and 4.8 for controls. Defoliation on 15 Oct. did not reduce flower bud formation. Reduction in flower bud formation due to defoliation was localized at the defoliated nodes. For shoots on which alternate nodes were defoliated on 20 Aug., 59.8% of the apical five nodes that were not defoliated produced flower buds compared with 1.4% of the defoliated nodes.

scholarly journals Flower Bud Formation of Sacred Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.): A Case Study of ‘Gyozankouren’ Grown in a Container

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiko Ishizuna ◽  
Nobuhiro Tsutsumi
Keyword(s):  
Floral Development ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Abaxial Side ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Sacred Lotus ◽  
Foliage Leaf ◽  
Flower Bud Formation

The genus Nelumbo consists of two species, N. nucifera and N. lutea. N. nucifera is an ornamental and edible plant that is widely cultivated. Earlier studies of sacred lotus (N. nucifera) flowers focused mainly on morphology, phyllotaxis, leaf arrangements, and flower development. During the growing season, sacred lotus produces one foliage leaf at each node. Flower buds emerge from the abaxial side of the basal part of the foliage leaf. However, the number of blooming flowers is much less than the number of foliage leaves. Little is known concerning flower bud formation during lotus plant development. This is the first experimental study to reveal that every node has one flower bud even in the dormant shoot apex and that most of the formed flower buds aborted in the course of floral development. Our results suggest that flower bud formation of sacred lotus is independent of daylength. On the other hand, whether a formed bud reaches blooming may depend on environmental factors.

scholarly journals Nutrient Accumulation and Flower Bud Formation Affected by the Time of Terminal Bud Set on Water Sprouts of Persimmon

HortScience ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong-Tae Choi ◽  
Doo-Sang Park ◽  
Seong-Mo Kang
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Diospyros Kaki ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Bud Set ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Flower Bud Formation ◽  
Terminal Buds

Heavy pruning to lower tree height of persimmon results in excessive production of water sprouts and reduced yield. This experiment was conducted on ‘Fuyu’ (Diospyros kaki) trees to assess if the time for terminal bud set of water sprouts affected flower bud formation. Some sprouts were not pruned to serve as fruiting branches for the next season. Thirty to 40 water sprouts were tagged in 2005 and 2006, the growth of which stopped from mid-June to late August. The later terminal buds set, the lower the percent dry weight in the apical 10 cm. The apical segments of sprouts that continued to grow to mid- to late August were characterized by low soluble sugars, starch, and inorganic elements such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) compared with those that set terminal buds earlier. The number of flower buds from the water sprouts that set terminal buds by early August the previous year bore more than 12 flower buds the next year, whereas those that grew to mid- to late August bore fewer than three. It was concluded that water sprouts could be used as fruiting branches for the next year as long as terminal buds set by early August, thereby alleviating yield reductions that come with heavy pruning.

scholarly journals Timing and Severity of Summer Pruning Affects Flower Initiation and Shoot Regrowth in Sweet Cherry

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte M. Guimond ◽  
Gregory A. Lang ◽  
Preston K. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Lateral Shoot ◽  
Current Season ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
Flower Bud Formation

To examine the effect of timing and severity of summer pruning on flower bud initiation and vegetative growth, 4-year-old `Bing' cherry trees (Prunus avium L.) were pruned at 31, 34, 37, 38, or 45 days after full bloom (DAFB) with heading cuts 20 cm from the base of current-season lateral shoot growth, or at 38 DAFB by heading current-season lateral shoot growth at 15, 20, 25, or 30 cm from the base of the shoot. The influence of heading cut position between nodes also was examined by cutting at a point (≈20 cm from the shoot base) just above or below a node, or in the middle of an internode. Summer pruning influenced the number of both flower buds and lateral shoots subsequently formed on the shoots. All of the timings and pruning lengths significantly increased the number of both flower buds and lateral shoots, but differences between pruning times were not significant. There was significantly less regrowth when shoots were pruned just below a node or in the center of an internode, rather than just above a node, suggesting that the length of the remaining stub may inhibit regrowth somewhat. The coefficient of determination (r2) between flower bud number and regrowth ranged from -0.34 to -0.45. In young high-density sweet cherry plantings, summer pruning may be useful for increasing flower bud formation on current-season shoots. The time of pruning, length of the shoots after pruning, and location of the pruning cut can influence subsequent flower bud formation and vegetative regrowth.

scholarly journals Chemical regulation of sex expression in certain olive cultivars

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Hegazi ◽  
G. R. Stino
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
Modifying Effect ◽  
Flower Bud Formation

The modifying effect of growth regulators on bud burst, flower bud formation and sex expression in olives varies greatly according to cultivar, concentration and time of application. Cycocel 200, 500 mg/l, ethephon 200 mg/l and SADH 2000 mg/l stimulated bud burst and flower bud formation in the 'Blanquetta' cv. A noticeable increase in the percentage of perfect flowers was obtained by 100 mg/l of kinetin, and 200 mg/l of Cycocel in the cv. 'Picual', Ethephon 200/1, Cycocel 200 mg/l and SADH 2000 mg/l considerably increased the percentage of perfect flowers in the cvs 'Blanquetta', 'Serrana' and 'Picual'. Treatments at green cluster stage were not effective.

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