scholarly journals Integrating fecundity variation and genetic relatedness in estimating the gene diversity of seed crops: Pinus koraiensis seed orchard as an example

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Min Park ◽  
Soon-Ho Kwon ◽  
He-Jin Lee ◽  
Sung-Joon Na ◽  
Yousry A. El-Kassaby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Status Number ◽  
Seed Crops

The genetic gain and gene diversity of seed crops from a 1.5-generation clonal seed orchard of Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc. were estimated under consideration of parental genetic values and fecundity variation. Fecundity variation among clones was estimated for 5 consecutive years (2010–2014) as the sibling coefficient, which was drawn from clonal contribution to the total production of seed conelet. To monitor gene diversity, status number was estimated by the integration of fecundity variation and group coancestry. Group coancestry was calculated as the average of genetic relatedness (coancestry) among orchard clones. The averages of conelet production were high in 2010 and 2011, moderate in 2013 and 2014, and poor in 2012 with a grand mean of 13.7. Correlation analysis showed that good conelet producers consistently gave good production. Cumulative distribution of clonal conelet production was presented as a function of the total conelet yield, and this distribution indicated deviation from the expected clonal equal production. Group coancesrtry was 0.0096, indicating minimal loss of gene diversity. Status number and genetic gain were higher in good than in poor conelet production years, highlighting the importance of fecundity variation in determining the genetic gain and gene diversity of seed orchard crops.

scholarly journals Genetic Gain and Diversity of Orchard Crops Under Alternative Management Options in a Clonal Seed Orchard of Pinus thunbergii

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyu-Suk Kang ◽  
D. Lindgren ◽  
T. J. Mullin ◽  
W.-Y. Choi ◽  
S.-U. Han
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Pinus Thunbergii ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Pollen Contamination ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Selective Harvest ◽  
Status Number ◽  
Seed Crops

Abstract Genetic gain and diversity, expressed by status number, of seed crops from a clonal seed orchard of Pinus thunbergii were estimated considering selection, fertility variation and pollen contamination, and compared for different management alternatives (selective harvest, genetic thinning and combination of both options). Management variables included the proportion of clones left after selective harvest and/or genetic thinning. The impact on genetic gain and diversity of seed crops was quantified as a function of the quantity and quality of gene flow from outside the seed orchard. Genetic gain varied with the proportion of selected or thinned clones. Genetic thinning by means of truncation selection of clones resulted in a large decrease in status number, which was accompanied by greater genetic gain than achieved by selective harvest alone. As expected, gene flow from outside the seed orchard greatly increased status number of the seed crop at higher rates of pollen contamination under all management options. The formulae and results of the present study could be used for identifying favorable selection intensity and alternatives for orchard management.

scholarly journals Fertility Variation, Genetic Relatedness, and Their Impacts on Gene Diversity of Seeds From a Seed Orchard of Pinus thunbergii

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Kang ◽  
D. Lindgren ◽  
T. J. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Pinus Thunbergii ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Fertility Variation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Status Number ◽  
Census Number ◽  
Natural Stands

AbstractClonal differences in the number of male and female strobili were determined for five consecutive years in a clonal seed orchard of Pinus thunbergii in Korea. The effects of relatedness and clonal differences in reproductive development on gene diversity of seed (in terms of accumulated relatedness by status number) were estimated. While clonal differences were found, fertility variation was not large through all studied years. The orchard clones were divided into different regions and locations based on the geographical distribution and distance of natural stands that plus trees were selected from. Assuming that there was no relatedness among regions, locations and clones, the status number (Ns) was varied from 47.6 to 55.5 for five successive years. On average (pooling), Nswas 92% of census number (N). Assumed relatedness among regions, locations and/or clones decreased the status number. Effect of parental selection on relatedness and orchard management was also discussed.

scholarly journals Gender, reproductive output covariation and their role on gene diversity of Pinus koraiensis seed orchard crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Min Park ◽  
Hye-In Kang ◽  
Da-Bin Yeom ◽  
Kyu-Suk Kang ◽  
Yousry A. El-Kassaby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Fundamental Equation ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Fertility Variation ◽  
Census Number ◽  
Seed Crops

Abstract Background Gender and fertility variation have an impact on mating dynamics in a population because they affect the gene exchange among parental members and the genetic composition of the resultant seed crops. Fertility is the proportional gametic contribution of parents to their progeny. An effective number of parents, derivative of effective population size, is the probability that two alleles randomly chosen from the gamete gene pool originated from the same parent. The effective number of parents is directly related to the fertility variation among parents, which should be monitored for manipulating gene diversity of seed crops. We formulated a fundamental equation of estimating the effective number of parents and applied it to a seed production population. Results Effective number of parents (Np) was derived from fertility variation (Ψ) considering covariance (correlation coefficient, r) between maternal and paternal fertility. The Ψ was calculated from the coefficient of variation in reproductive outputs and divided into female (ψf) and male (ψm) fertility variation in the population under study. The Np was estimated from the parental Ψ estimated by the fertility variation of maternal (ψf) and paternal (ψm) parents. The gene diversity of seed crops was monitored by Ψ and Np. in a 1.5 generation Pinus koraiensis seed orchard as a case of monoecious species. A large variation of female and male strobili production was observed among the studied 52 parents over four consecutive years, showing statistically significant differences across all studied years. Parental balance curve showed greater distortion in paternal than maternal parents. The Ψ ranged from 1.879 to 4.035 with greater ψm than ψf, and the Np varied from 14.8 to 36.8. When pooled, the relative effective number of parents was improved as 80.0% of the census number. Conclusions We recommend the use of fertility variation (i.e., CV, Ψ), Person’s product-moment correlation (r), and effective number of parents (Np) as tools for gauging gene diversity of seed crops in production populations. For increasing Np and gene diversity, additional management options such as mixing seed-lots, equal cone harvest and application of supplemental-mass-pollination are recommended.

scholarly journals Gender, reproductive output covariation and their role on gene diversity of Pinus koraiensis seed orchard crops

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyu-Suk Kang ◽  
Ji-Min Park ◽  
Hye-In Kang ◽  
Da-Bin Yeom ◽  
Yousry A. El-Kassaby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Fundamental Equation ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Fertility Variation ◽  
Census Number ◽  
Seed Crops

Abstract Background: Gender and fertility variation have an impact on mating dynamics in a population because they affect the gene exchange among parental members and the genetic composition of the resultant seed crops. Fertility is the proportional gametic contribution of parents to their progeny. An effective number of parents, derivative of effective population size, is the probability that two alleles randomly chosen from the gamete gene pool originated from the same parent. The effective number of parents is directly related to the fertility variation among parents, which should be monitored for manipulating gene diversity of seed crops. We formulated a fundamental equation of estimating the effective number of parents and applied it to a seed production population.Results: Effective number of parents (Np) was derived from fertility variation (Y) considering covariance (correlation coefficient, r) between maternal and paternal fertility. The Y was calculated from the coefficient of variation in reproductive outputs and divided into female (yf) and male (ym) fertility variation in the population under study. The Np was estimated from the parental Y estimated by the fertility variation of maternal (yf) and paternal (ym) parents. The gene diversity of seed crops was monitored by Y and Np. in a 1.5 generation Pinus koraiensis seed orchard as a case of monoecious species. A large variation of female and male strobili production was observed among the studied 52 parents for four consecutive years, showing statistically significant across all studied years. Parental balance curve showed greater distortion in paternal parents than maternal parents. The Y ranged from 1.879 to 4.035 with greater ym than yf, and the Np varied from 14.8 to 36.8. When pooled, the relative effective number of parents was improved as 80.0% of the census number. Conclusions: We recommend the use of fertility variation (i.e., CV, Y), Person’s product-moment correlation (r) and effective number of parents (Np) as tools for gauging gene diversity of seed crops in production populations. For increasing Np and gene diversity, additional management options such as mixing seed-lots, equal cone harvest and application of supplemental-mass-pollination are recommended.

scholarly journals Variation in Clone Fertility and its Effect on the Gene Diversity of Seeds From a Seed Orchard of Chamaecyparis obtusa in Korea

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 134-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Kang ◽  
T. J. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Chamaecyparis Obtusa ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Fertility Variation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Status Number ◽  
Census Number ◽  
One Year ◽  
Male Strobilus

Abstract Male and female strobilus production was assessed annually over a four-year period for a clonal seed orchard of hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa Endl.) in Korea. Clonal fertility and fertility variation, expressed by both sibling coefficient and coefficient of variation in strobilus production among 50 orchard clones, were reported. Fertility varied among clones and among years producing four-year averages per ramet of 510.2 and 1050.6 for female and male strobili, respectively. The correlation between female and male strobilus production was positive in each of the four years studied and, with the exception of one year, statistically significant. The clonal status number (Ns), a measure of gene diversity, was calculated based on the observed clonal fertility variation and varied from 28.0 (N = 50) in the poorest flowering year (2002) to 46.7 in the best year (2005). On average (pooled), the relative status number was 95% of the census number (N). Variation in female fertility was generally higher than that for male fertility, and this variation was reflected in the status numbers of female and male parents. The pooled Ns estimated from all four years was higher than that for any single year, implying that gene diversity would increase when seeds collected from different years are pooled. Sexual asymmetry calculations showed that clonal contributions would be balanced between genders.

scholarly journals Gender, reproductive output covariation and their role on gene diversity of Pinus koraiensis seed orchard crops

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Min Park ◽  
Hye-In Kang ◽  
Da-Bin Yeom ◽  
Kyu-Suk Kang ◽  
Yousry A. El-Kassaby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Fundamental Equation ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Fertility Variation ◽  
Census Number ◽  
Seed Crops

Abstract Background: Gender and fertility variation have an impact on mating dynamics in a population because they affect the gene exchange among parental members and the genetic composition of the resultant seed crops. Fertility is the proportional gametic contribution of parents to their progeny. An effective number of parents, derivative of effective population size, is the probability that two alleles randomly chosen from the gamete gene pool originated from the same parent. The effective number of parents is directly related to the fertility variation among parents, which should be monitored for manipulating gene diversity of seed crops. We formulated a fundamental equation of estimating the effective number of parents and applied it to a seed production population.Results: Effective number of parents (Np) was derived from fertility variation (Y) considering covariance (correlation coefficient, r) between maternal and paternal fertility. The Y was calculated from the coefficient of variation in reproductive outputs and divided into female (yf) and male (ym) fertility variation in the population under study. The Np was estimated from the parental Y estimated by the fertility variation of maternal (yf) and paternal (ym) parents. The gene diversity of seed crops was monitored by Y and Np. in a 1.5 generation Pinus koraiensis seed orchard as a case of monoecious species. A large variation of female and male strobili production was observed among the studied 52 parents over four consecutive years, showing statistically significant differences across all studied years. Parental balance curve showed greater distortion in paternal than maternal parents. The Y ranged from 1.879 to 4.035 with greater ym than yf, and the Np varied from 14.8 to 36.8. When pooled, the relative effective number of parents was improved as 80.0% of the census number.Conclusions: We recommend the use of fertility variation (i.e., CV, Y), Person’s product-moment correlation (r), and effective number of parents (Np) as tools for gauging gene diversity of seed crops in production populations. For increasing Np and gene diversity, additional management options such as mixing seed-lots, equal cone harvest and application of supplemental-mass-pollination are recommended.

scholarly journals Genetic Gain and Diversity under Different Selection Methods in a Breeding Seed Orchard of Quercus serrata

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 277-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Kang ◽  
B. H. Cheon ◽  
S. U. Han ◽  
C. S. Kim ◽  
W. Y. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
Quercus Serrata ◽  
Selection Intensity ◽  
Individual Selection ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Family Selection ◽  
Status Number

Abstract Genetic gain and diversity were estimated in a 13- year old Quercus serrata breeding seed orchard under three selection (rouging) methods. The selections were based on individual selection, family selection, and family plus within family selection. Genetic gain was for stem volume and gene diversity was estimated by status number concept. Both estimated genetic gain and gene diversity were compared to those before selection and among selection scenarios. Estimated genetic gain for tree volume ranged from 4.0% to 9.1% for three selection methods under 50% selection intensity. Individual selection was better than family selection for retaining higher genetic gain and status number. Family plus within family selection was the best selection method, while individual selection was more efficient at the strong selection intensity. An optimal point, which maximized gain and diversity, was occurred at 50% selection intensity that would be applied for genetic thinning in the breeding seed orchard of Quercus serrata. The effect of genetic relatedness among families and possible pollen contamination on both genetic gain and gene diversity, although were not studied but their impact, are discussed. The selection method and intensity level applied should be chosen after careful consideration of the impacts on both genetic gain and diversity for seeds produced from the seed orchard.

scholarly journals Gender, reproductive output covariation and their role on gene diversity of Pinus koraiensis seed orchard crops

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyu-Suk Kang ◽  
Ji-Min Park ◽  
Hye-In Kang ◽  
Da-Bin Yeom ◽  
Yousry A. El-Kassaby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Fundamental Equation ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Pinus Koraiensis ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Management Options ◽  
1.5 Generation ◽  
Fertility Variation ◽  
Seed Crops

Abstract Background: Gender and fertility variation have an impact on mating dynamics in a population because they affect the gene exchange among parental members and the genetic composition of the resultant seed crops. Fertility is the proportional gametic contribution of parents to their progeny. An effective number of parents, derivative of effective population size, is the probability that two alleles randomly chosen from the gamete gene pool originated from the same parent. The effective number of parents is directly related to the fertility variation among parents, which should be monitored for manipulating gene diversity of seed crops. We formulated a fundamental equation of estimating the effective number of parents and applied it to a seed production population.Results: Effective number of parents (Np) was derived from fertility variation (Ψ) considering covariance (correlation coefficient, r) between maternal and paternal fertility. The Ψ was calculated from the coefficient of variation in reproductive outputs and divided into female (ψf ) and male (ψm) fertility variation in the population under study. The Np was estimated from the parental Ψ estimated by the fertility variation of maternal (ψf ) and paternal (ψm) parents. The gene diversity of seed crops was monitored by Ψ and Np in a 1.5 generation Pinus koraiensis seed orchard as a case of monoecious species. A large variation of female and male strobili production was observed among the studied 52 parents for four consecutive years, showing statistically significant across all studied years. Parental balance curve showed greater distortion in paternal than maternal parents. The Ψ ranged from 1.879 to 4.035 with greater ψm than ψf , and the Np varied from 14.8 to 36.8. When pooled, the relative effective number of parents was improved as 80.0% of the census number.Conclusions: We recommend the use of fertility variation (CV, Ψ), Person’s product-moment correlation (r) and effective number of parents (Np) as tools for gauging gene diversity of seed crops in production populations. For increasing Np and gene diversity, additional management options such as mixing seed-lots, equal cone harvest and application of supplemental-mass-pollination are recommended.

scholarly journals Fertility Variation and Genetic Diversity in a Clonal Seed Orchard of Cryptomeria japonica

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 104-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Kang ◽  
Y. A. El-Kassaby ◽  
M. S. Chung ◽  
C. S. Kim ◽  
Y. J. Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Fertility Variation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Status Number ◽  
Census Number ◽  
Male Strobilus ◽  
Male Strobili

Abstract Clonal differences in fertility (expressed as the number of female and male strobili) were determined for three consecutive years (2002-2004) in a clonal seed orchard of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) in Korea. Fertility varied among clones and among years producing three-year averages of 196 and 652 for female and male strobili per ramet, respectively. Correlation between female and male strobilus production was positive over the three years and statistically significant in 2003, a good flowering year. Based on the observed fertility variation, the status numbers (Ns, measure of genetic diversity) were calculated and varied from 25.6 to 31.7 among the three studied years. On average (pooled), relative status number was 86% of the census number (N). Variation in female fertility was higher than that in male fertility, and this variation was reflected on female and male parents’ status numbers. Pooled Ns estimated from the three years was higher than that for any single year, implying that genetic diversity would increase when seeds collected from different years are pooled.

scholarly journals Strategies for Optimal Deployment of Related Clones into Seed Orchards

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Danusevičius ◽  
D. Lindgren
Keyword(s):  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Truncation Selection ◽  
Deployment Strategy ◽  
Ranking Criteria ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Optimal Deployment ◽  
Status Number

Abstract This study deals with how the deployed proportion of each candidate clone can be decided at the establishment of a seed orchard when the breeding values are available for each candidate in a population of unrelated half-sib families. The following deployment strategies were compared: (a) truncation selection by selecting the clones with the breeding values exceeding certain threshold and deploying equal number of ramets (Truncation strategy); (b) truncation selection by selecting only one best individual within each family (Truncation unrelated); (c) maximizing gain at a given effective clone number (Linear deployment); (d) linear deployment by selecting one best individual within each family (Linear deployment unrelated) and (e) maximizing net gain at a given gene diversity (Optimal proportions). The study focused on the latest alternative and described its superiority and characteristics for a number of possible typical cases. The genetic gain adjusted for predicted inbreeding depression (Net gain), gene diversity and effective clone number were considered as the main ranking criteria. The strategies optimizing the number of related individuals and the linear deployment strategy with restriction on relatedness returned the highest Net gain. If there is a large diversity to select from (the status number of the candidates is more than 8 times greater than the status number desired in the seed orchard), a relatively simple advice is to select the best individual within the best families and deploy the clones linearly according to their breeding values (the number of families selected depends on the desired status number). If the diversity available to select from is small, it seems recommendable to allow half-sibs among the selections and use the Optimal proportions deployment strategy. As the breeding cycles proceed, the status number of the candidate population will decrease and the Optimal proportions strategy is likely to become more favorable.

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