The Chestnut Pollen Decline as a Time Horizon in Lake Sediments in Eastern North America

1974 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 678-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
North America ◽  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Time Horizon ◽  
Castanea Dentata ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Ambrosia Pollen ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Endothia Parasitica

Chestnut [Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.] was a dominant tree of the upland forests of eastern North America until its elimination by the blight fungus, Endothia parasitica Anders. The blight originated in New York City in 1904, and within 50 years, it spread throughout the entire range of Castanea dentata. The chestnut destruction is documented in lake sediments by a corresponding decline of chestnut pollen as illustrated in examples from Lakes Ontario and Erie, and Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey. According to the data from Woodcliff Lake, the decline can be assigned an age equivalent to the time of the chestnut die-out for the area. Thus, dates of 1930 A.D. and 1935 A.D. are taken to represent times of the chestnut pollen decline in Lakes Ontario and Erie, respectively. The Castanea pollen decline provides an excellent and very recent time horizon (above the Ambrosia pollen boundary) for determining sedimentation trends since the time of European settlement as well as recent sedimentation rates.

Delthyris sculptilis Hall, 1843 (Brachiopoda) from the Middle Devonian Hamilton Group is a Megakozlowskiella

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 965-967
Author(s):  
William F. Koch
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
Middle Devonian ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Hamilton Group

Delthyris sculptilis Hall, 1843, from the Middle Devonian Hamilton Group of New York and equivalent rocks elsewhere in eastern North America, has long been assigned to the genus Delthyris or, in certain older studies, to the genus Spirifer. Recent restudy of this brachiopod shows that it belongs to the genus Megakozlowskiella Boucot, 1962. This extends the upper limit of Megakozlowskiella from the Eifelian (Southwood Stage, Onondaga Limestone in New York) to the Givetian (Tioughnioga Stage, Moscow Formation of the Hamilton Group in New York).

“In Favour of Popery”: Patriotism, Protestantism, and the Gordon Riots in the Revolutionary British Atlantic

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
North America ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Print Culture ◽  
British Government ◽  
British Atlantic ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
The Government ◽  
Gordon Riots

AbstractIn 1778, in response to news of the American alliance with France, the British government proposed a series of Catholic relief bills aimed at tolerating Catholicism in England, Scotland, and Ireland. Officials saw the legislation as a pragmatic response to a dramatically expanded war, but ordinary Britons were far less tolerant. They argued that the relief acts threatened to undermine a widely shared Protestant British patriotism that defined itself against Catholicism and France. Through an elaborate and well-connected popular print culture, Britons living in distant Atlantic communities, such as Kingston (Jamaica), Glasgow, Dublin, and New York City, publicly engaged in a radical brand of Protestant patriotism that began to question the very legitimacy of their own government. Events culminated in June 1780, with five days of violent, deadly rioting in the nation's capitol. Yet the Gordon Riots represent only the most famous example of this new, more zealous defense of Protestant Whig Britishness. In the British Caribbean and North America, unrelenting fears of French invasions and the perceived incompetence of the government mixed with an increasingly confrontational Protestant political culture to expose the fragile nature of British patriotism. In Scotland, anti-Catholic riots drove the country to near rebellion in early 1779, while in Ireland, Protestants and Catholics took advantage of this political instability to make demands for economic and political independence, culminating in the country's legislative autonomy in 1782. Ultimately, Catholic relief and the American alliance with France fundamentally altered how ordinary Britons viewed their government and, perhaps, laid the foundations for the far more radical political culture of the 1790s.

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