Brown trout avoidance of metals in water characteristic of the Clark Fork River, Montana

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 2031-2037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel F. Woodward ◽  
James A. Hansen ◽  
Harold L. Bergman ◽  
Aaron J. DeLonay ◽  
Edward E. Little
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Response ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Cylindrical Chamber ◽  
Clark Fork River ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Avoidance Reactions

The avoidance response of brown trout (Salmo trutta) to mixtures of cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc was determined in water simulating the Clark Fork River, Montana. Effects of acidification on the avoidance response were also evaluated. Tests were conducted in a cylindrical chamber that received reference water at one end and metal-contaminated water at the other; a distinct boundary formed at the center where the chamber drained. A 1 × mixture of the four metals (Cd, 1.1 μg/L; Cu, 12 μg/L; Pb, 3.2 μg/L; and Zn, 55 μg/L) that was representative of the ambient metals concentrations of the Clark Fork River resulted in avoidance by brown trout. Brown trout also avoided 0.5×, 2×, 4×, and 10× mixtures but not a 0.1 × mixture. A reduction in pH from 8.0 to either 7.0, 6.0, or 5.0 resulted in significant avoidance. Avoidance reactions to metals, similar to those observed in our laboratory experiments, may contribute to the depression of brown trout populations in the Clark Fork River.

The physiological impairment of free-ranging brown trout exposed to metals in the Clark Fork River, Montana

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 2038-2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aïda M. Farag ◽  
Mark A. Stansbury ◽  
Harold L. Bergman ◽  
Christer Hogstrand ◽  
Elizabeth MacConnell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Reference Sites ◽  
Clark Fork River ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Upper Clark Fork River ◽  
High Concentrations

Tissue metal accumulation and physiological responses were measured in brown trout (Salmo trutta) collected from two sites on the Clark Fork River, Montana, and two reference sites to determine the health status of the resident fish population. Concentrations of metals in tissues, products of lipid peroxidation, and microscopic Cu inclusions were significantly higher in fish collected from the upper Clark Fork River site than in fish from reference sites. Metallothionein concentrations were higher in the livers of fish from the upper Clark Fork River than in those of fish from reference sites. The health of the fish population in the upper Clark Fork River is probably impaired because of previously reported elevated concentrations of metals including As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the surface water and aquatic invertebrates in the upper Clark Fork River. The high concentrations of metals in the surface waters and sediments of the Clark Fork River are typical of rivers in the intermountain western United States where discharges from mining activities have occurred since the late 1800s. Thus, our findings can be used as a guide for researchers throughout the intermountain western United States who may investigate similar field conditions.

Some aspects of hepatic function in feral brown trout, Salmo trutta, living in metal contaminated water

2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
David O. Norris ◽  
Jeanine M. Camp ◽  
Tammy A. Maldonado ◽  
John D. Woodling
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

Response of predator-naive newt larvae to food and predator presence

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 1845-1850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germán Orizaola ◽  
Florentino Braña
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Predator Detection ◽  
Refuge Use ◽  
Antipredator Response ◽  
Triturus Alpestris ◽  
Emergence Rate ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

For naive prey, the ability to recognize predators is advantageous at the time of first predator encounter. After predator detection, prey could avoid the risk of being eaten by modifying the patterns of activity and use of habitat. The use of refuges is considered one of the most widespread antipredator tactics. In laboratory experiments, we tested the effects of food (cladocerans, Daphnia sp.) and predator (brown trout, Salmo trutta) presence on larval newt (Triturus helveticus and Triturus alpestris) refuging behaviour, and the effect of refuge use on larval survival. Newt larvae came from lakes without fish and were reared in the laboratory from the egg stage so that they lacked any previous experience with brown trout. Larvae of both species increased refuge use and reduced significantly their emergence rate in the presence of predators. Food had no effect on refuge use or activity. For both species, refuge availability increased larval survival by more than twofold when the predator was present. These results suggest that naive newt larvae are able to detect predators and show an innate antipredator response.

Population density of migratory and resident brown trout (Salmo trutta) in relation to altitude: evidence for a migration cost

2001 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Bohlin ◽  
J. Pettersson ◽  
E. Degerman
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Migration Cost ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

Massive infection of Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum discovered during a toxicological survey on an unusual case of skeletal deformities in brown trout Salmo trutta

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Iaria ◽  
N Spanò ◽  
A Smeriglio ◽  
F Capparucci ◽  
G De Benedetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Skeletal Deformities ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

Resistance of erythrocytes from Brown trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta L.) affected by ulcerative dermal necrosis syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kurhalyuk ◽  
H. Tkachenko ◽  
K. Pałczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽  
Tbars Level ◽  
Reactive Substance ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

Resistance of erythrocytes from Brown trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta L.) affected by ulcerative dermal necrosis syndrome In the present work we evaluated the effect of ulcerative dermal necrosis (UDN) syndrome on resistance of erythrocytes to haemolytic agents and lipid peroxidation level in the blood from brown trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta L.). Results showed that lipid peroxidation increased in erythrocytes, as evidenced by high thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels. Compared to control group, the resistance of erythrocytes to haemolytic agents was significantly lower in UDN-positive fish. Besides, UDN increased the percent of hemolysated erythrocytes subjected to the hydrochloric acid, urea and hydrogen peroxide. Results showed that UDN led to an oxidative stress in erythrocytes able to induce enhanced lipid peroxidation level, as suggested by TBARS level and decrease of erythrocytes resistance to haemolytic agents.

Evaluation of brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) fillets’ shelf life: Fed with a humic supplemented diet

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 100675
Author(s):  
Muhammed Atamanalp ◽  
Arzu Ucar ◽  
Esat Mahmut Kocaman ◽  
Gonca Alak
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Salmo Trutta Fario
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