INCOMPLETE CONCURRENCE OF EVIDENCE FROM PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS AND GENOME ANALYSIS REGARDING THE ORIGIN OF AEGILOPS OVATA

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Giles Waines ◽  
B. Lennart Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Seed Proteins ◽  
Protein Electrophoresis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Genome Divergence

Electrophoresis of ethanol extracted, water soluble, seed proteins of many different biotypes of 3 diploid species of Aegilops and of the tetraploid A. ovata L. suggest that A. ovata may be descended from an allotetraploid of A. umbellulata Zhuk. and A. squarrosa L. This does not agree with the few published results of genome analysis, which suggest that A. umbellulata and A. comosa Sibth. &Smith are the ancestors of A. ovata. Hypotheses advanced to explain this incomplete concurrence of evidence from these two biosystematic methods include an insufficiency of samples, genome divergence, translocations followed by introgressive hybridization and genetic control of meitoic chromosome pairing.

GENOME ANALYSIS OF HORDEUM JUBATUM AND H. COMPRESSUM

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert D. Starks ◽  
William Tai
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Chromosome Behavior ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Genome Relationship ◽  
Hordeum Jubatum

On the basis of the chromosome behavior of a backcross between a colchicine-induced amphiploid (6x) from a cross between Hordeum jubatum L. and H. compressum Griseb. and H. jubatum (4x), the following genome relationship between H. jubatum, H. compressum and closely related species is suggested: H. jubatum, AAA′A′, H. brachyantherum, A A A′A′, H. californicum, A A, and H. compressum, A′A′. Also, an argument is proposed for genetic control of chromosome pairing.

Chromosome pairing in female and male diploid and polyploid anurans (Amphibia) from South America

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-494
Author(s):  
I. M. Rahn ◽  
A. Martinez
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Diploid Males ◽  
Terminal Chiasmata

Chromosome pairing in females and males of diploid (2n = 22) and tetraploid (2n = 44) Odontophrynus americanus and diploid Ceratophrys cranwelli (2n = 26) and tetraploid C. ornata (2n = 104) showed that diploid females formed more chiasmata per paired arm than diploid males and polyploids of both sexes. There was a reduction in the level of recombination in female polyploids by forming multivalents with terminal chiasmata. The reduction reflected a change in the genetic control of pairing in females after polyploidization.

CHROMOSOME RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE CULTIVATED OAT AVENA SATIVA (6x) AND A. VENTRICOSA (2x)

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Meiotic Behaviour ◽  
Hexaploid Species ◽  
C Genome

Chromosome pairing in the F1 hybrid between the cultivated oat Avena sativa and a diploid species A. ventricosa, and in the derived amphiploid, shows that the diploid species is related to one of the genomes of the hexaploid species. The amount of chromosome pairing observed in complex interamphiploid hybrids demonstrates further that A. ventricosa is related to the C. genome of A. sativa. However, the chromosomes of the diploid species have become differentiated from that of the C genome of A. sativa and this is readily apparent in the meiotic behaviour of both the F1 hybrid and the amphiploid.

Estimating meiotic chromosome pairing and recombination parameters in telocentric trisomics

Genome ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 1014-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sybenga ◽  
H. Verhaar ◽  
D.G.A. Botje
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Chiasma Formation ◽  
Chromosome Morphology ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Gene Localization ◽  
Maximum Information ◽  
Chromosome 1R

Telocentric trisomics (telotrisomics; one arm of a metacentric chromosome present in addition to two complete genomes) are used in theoretical studies of pairing affinities and chiasma formation in competitive situations and applied in genome analysis, gene localization, gene transfer, and breakage of close linkages. These applications require knowledge of the recombination characteristics of telotrisomics. Appropriate cytological and molecular markers and favorable chromosome morphology are not always available or applicable for quantitative analyses. We developed new mathematical models for extracting the maximum information from simple metaphase I observations. Two types of telotrisomics of the short arm of chromosome 1R of rye ( Secale cereale ), including several genotypes, were used as test material. In simple telotrisomics, pairing between morphologically identical complete chromosomes was more frequent than pairing between the telocentric and either of the normal chromosomes. In the telocentric substitution, morphologically identical telocentrics paired less frequently with each other than either one with the normal chromosome. Pairing partner switch was significant. Interaction between the two arms was variable. Variation within plants was considerable. Telotrisomics without markers are suitable for analyzing pairing preferences, for gene localization and gene transfer, and for breaking tight linkages, but less so for genome analysis.

scholarly journals Relations and evolution in Cheilanthes (Sinopteridaceae, Pteridophita) in Macaronesia and Mediterranean area, deduced from genome analysis of their hybrids

1983 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 101-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Vida ◽  
A. Major ◽  
T. Reichstein
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Natural Group ◽  
Basic Chromosome

Nine species of "Cheilantoid ferns" are known to grow in Macaronesia and the Mediterranean basin. Two of them (lacking a pseudo-indusium and having the basic chromosome number X = 29), both aggregate species which we prefer to retain in Notholaena, are not included in this study. The other seven species (with distinct pseudo-indusium and the basic chromosome number X = 30), which we accept as members of the genus Cheilanthes Sw. sensu stricto, were subjected to detailed genome analysis of their natural and experimentally produced hybrids and shown to represent an aggregate of four very distinct ancestral diploids and three allotetraploids. The latter must have once been formed by chromosome doubling in the three diploid hybrids of C. maderensis Lowe with the other three diploid species. Theoretically three more allotetraploids would be possible but their formation has obviously been prevented by the geographical separation of the three respective diploids. The most widely distributed of the tetraploids, i.e. C. pteridioides (Reich.) C.Chr. has also been resynthesized from its ancestors (still sympatric) under experimental conditions. The intermediate morphology of the allotetraploids (as compared with their diploid ancestors) is obviously the reason why their status and existence has so long escaped recognition in Europe. These seven species form a natural group and, in our opinion, should not be divided into sections.

THE MEIOTIC BEHAVIOR OF ANEUPOLYHAPLOIDS OF THE CULTIVATED OAT AVENA SATIVA (2n = 6x = 42)

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Leggett
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Meiotic Behavior ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes

Chromosome pairing and the frequency of secondary associations in two aneupolyhaploid plants of A. sativa are described. There was little evidence of pairing between homoeologous chromosomes in either plant. The results are discussed in relation to the genetic control of bivalent pairing in A. sativa and the possible divergence between the constituent genomes.

Cytological evidence of genetic control of chromosome pairing in artificial autotetraploids of Trifolium riograndense Burkart

Genetica ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Schifino ◽  
M. I. B. Moraes Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Cytological Evidence

Evidence for genetic suppression of heterogenetic chromosome pairing in polyploidy species of Solanum, sect. Petota

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 530-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Diploid Hybrid ◽  
Polyploid Species ◽  
Chromosome Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Suppression ◽  
Solanum Sect ◽  
Paradoxical Results

Data on chromosome pairing in haploids and interspecific hybrids of Solanum, sect. Petota reported in the literature were used to determine whether the diploidlike chromosome pairing that occurs in some of the polyploid species of the section is regulated by the genotype or brought about by some other mechanism. The following trends emerged from these data. Most of the polyploid × polyploid hybrids had high numbers of univalents, which seemed to indicate that the polyploid species were constructed from diverse genomes. Haploids, except for those derived from S. tuberosum, had incomplete chromosome pairing. All hybrids from diploid × diploid crosses had more or less regular chromosome pairing, which suggested that all investigated diploid species have the same genome. Likewise, hybrids from polyploid × diploid crosses had high levels of chromosome pairing. These paradoxical results are best explained if it is assumed that (i) the genotypes of most polyploid species, but not those of the diploid species, suppress heterogenetic pairing, (ii) that nonstructural chromosome differentiation is present among the genomes of both diploid and polyploid species, and (iii) the presence of the genome of a diploid species in a polyploid × diploid hybrid results in promotion of heterogenetic pairing. It is, therefore, concluded that heterogenetic pairing in most of the polyploid species is genetically suppressed.

Genetic Control of Water-Soluble Carbohydrate Reserves in Bread Wheat

2007 ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Rebetzke ◽  
A. F. van Herwaarden ◽  
C. Jenkins ◽  
S. Ruuska ◽  
L. Tabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Carbohydrate Reserves ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrate

Characterisation and coagulant activity screening of fractionated water-soluble seed proteins from Moringa oleifera

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 207-210
Author(s):  
Mussarat Saleem ◽  
Amtul Jamil Sami ◽  
Robert Thomas Bachmann
Keyword(s):  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Seed Proteins ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Coagulant Activity ◽  
Activity Screening
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