CONFIRMATION OF THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE RYE CHROMOSOME IN 1B/1R WHEAT-RYE CHROMOSOME SUBSTITUTION AND TRANSLOCATION LINES

1975 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Bennett ◽  
J. B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Translocation Lines ◽  
Chromosome 1R ◽  
Antipodal Cells

Chromosome 1R is readily distinguished from all other rye chromosomes and from all the chromosomes of hexaploid wheat in both Giemsa stained root-tip metaphase cells and in Feulgen stained antipodal cells with highly endopolyploid nuclei. Studies of these cells, stained using the appropriate methods, show that the two varieties 'Weique' and 'Neuzucht' both contain a single pair of alien substituted chromosomes and confirm their identity as chromosome 1R. It is also shown that the two varieties 'Aurora' and 'Kavkaz' both possess a single pair of wheat-rye translocation chromosomes which contain at least the major part of the short arm of chromosome 1R.

Genetic control of 1R nucleolus organizer region expression in the presence of wheat genomes

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 713-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Vieira ◽  
Álvaro Queiroz ◽  
Leonor Morais ◽  
Augusta Barão ◽  
T. Mello-Sampayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolus Organizer Region ◽  
Nucleolus Organizer ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Region Gene ◽  
Nucleolar Dominance ◽  
Chromosome 1R

The expression of rRNA genes located in the nucleolar organizing region (NOR) present on the short arm of chromosome 1R from rye (Secale cereale L.) was examined in several hexaploid (Triticum aestivum L.) and tetraploid wheats (Triticum turgidum L.) containing the entire chromosome 1R from rye (disomic substitution 1B(1R)), its full haploid genome (hexaploid wheat–rye F1 hybrid), or only its short arm translocated to the long arms of wheat chromosomes from the homoeologous group 1 (disomic translocations 1AL/1RS, 1BL/1RS, or 1DL/1RS) or added to the complete hexaploid wheat genotype (monotelosomic addition 1RS). By silver staining and determination of the number of Ag-NORs and the average number of nucleoli per root-tip cell it became apparent that the expression of 1R NORs, in the presence of wheat genomes, depends on the absence of the long arm of rye chromosome 1R. In wheat-rye F1 hybrids and in hexaploid wheat with a disomic substitution 1B(1R), 1R NOR was morphologically absent, even when only one wheat major NOR was present, in contrast with its frequent expression in wheat–rye translocation or addition lines where only its short arm was added. It is suggested that wheat nucleolar dominance over rye as expressed by heterochromatic and silent NOR in 1RS is under a complex genetic control which involves interaction between 1RL and unidentified wheat genes.Key words: 1R nucleolus organizer region, gene activity, amphiplasty.

Rust resistance in Triticum cylindricum Ces. (4x, CCDD) and its transfer into durum and hexaploid wheats

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bai ◽  
G. J. Scoles ◽  
D. R. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
D Genome ◽  
C Genome ◽  
Translocation Lines ◽  
Disomic Addition Lines

In order to counteract the effects of the mutant genes in races of leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici Rob. ex Desm.) and stem rust (P. graminis f.sp. tritici Eriks. &Henn.) in wheat, exploration of new resistance genes in wheat relatives is necessary. Three accessions of Triticum cylindricum Ces. (4x, CCDD), Acy1, Acy9, and Acy11, were tested with 10 races each of leaf rust and stem rust. They were resistant to all races tested. Viable F1 plants were produced from the crosses of the T. cylindricum accessions as males with susceptible MP and Chinese Spring ph1b hexaploid wheats (T. aestivum, 6x, AABBDD), but not with susceptible Kubanka durum wheat (T. turgidum var. durum, 4x, AABB), even with embryo rescue. In these crosses the D genome of hexaploid wheat may play a critical role in eliminating the barriers for species isolation during hybrid seed development. The T. cylindricum rust resistance was expressed in the F1 hybrids with hexaploid wheat. However, only the cross MP/Acy1 was successfully backcrossed to another susceptible hexaploid wheat, LMPG-6. In the BC2F2 of the cross MP/Acy1//LMPG-6/3/MP, monosomic or disomic addition lines with resistance to either leaf rust race 15 (infection types (IT) 1=, 1, or 1+; addition line 1) or stem rust race 15B-1 (IT 1 or 1+; addition line 2) were selected. Rust tests and examination of chromosome pairing of the F1 hybrids and the progeny of the disomic addition lines confirmed that the genes for rust resistance were located on the added T. cylindricum C-genome chromosomes rather than on the D-genome chromosomes. The T. cylindricum chromosome in addition line 2 was determined to be chromosome 4C through the detection of RFLPs among the genomes using a set of homoeologous group-specific wheat cDNA probes. Addition line 1 was resistant to the 10 races of leaf rust and addition line 2 was resistant to the 10 races of stem rust, as was the T. cylindricum parent. The added C-genome chromosomes occasionally paired with hexaploid wheat chromosomes. Translocation lines with rust resistance (2n = 21 II) may be obtained in the self-pollinated progeny of the addition lines through spontaneous recombination of the C-genome chromosomes and wheat chromosomes. Such translocation lines with resistance against a wide spectrum of rust races should be potentially valuable in breeding wheat for rust resistance.Key words: wheat, Triticum cylindricum, rust resistance, gene transfer, addition line, molecular cytogenetics.

CHROMOSOME SUBSTITUTION IN HEXAPLOID WHEAT

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Unrau ◽  
Clayton Person ◽  
John Kuspira
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Single Line ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Substitution Method ◽  
Reciprocal Translocations ◽  
Chromosome Substitutions

The procedures involved in the various phases of chromosome substitution in common wheat are briefly outlined and explained. Complications encountered with reciprocal translocations are clarified. The following subjects are discussed: development of chromosome-deficient series in other varieties, transfer of single chromosomes from donor varieties to chromosome-deficient lines to develop substitution lines, alien substitutions, and combination of two chromosome substitutions into a single line. There is a brief discussion of the value of the chromosome substitution method especially in the study of gene dosage and interaction as affecting certain characters.

The influence of 5-azacytidine on the condensation of the short arm of rye chromosome 1R in Triticum aestivum L. root tip meristematic nuclei

Chromosoma ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 106 (8) ◽  
pp. 485-492
Author(s):  
Matthew C. P. Glyn ◽  
Michaela Egertová ◽  
Blanka Gazdova ◽  
Aleš Kovarik ◽  
Milan Bezdek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Chromosome 1R

scholarly journals The consensus rye microsatellite map with EST-SSRs transferred from wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-464
Author(s):  
D. O. Vidakovic ◽  
D. Perovic ◽  
T. V. Semilet ◽  
A. Börner ◽  
E. K. Khlestkina
Keyword(s):  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Consensus Map ◽  
Mapping Data ◽  
Microsatellite Map ◽  
Isozyme Loci ◽  
Chromosome Maps ◽  
Translocation Lines ◽  
Chromosome 1R ◽  
Mapping Populations

Microsatellite (SSR) markers with known precise intrachromosomal locations are widely used for mapping genes in rye and for the investigation of wheat-rye translocation lines and triticale highly demanded for mapping economically important genes and QTL-analysis. One of the sources of novel SSR markers in rye are microsatellites transferable from the wheat genome. Broadening the list of available SSRs in rye mapped to chromosomes is still needed, since some rye chromosome maps still have just a few microsatellite loci mapped. The goal of the current study was to integrate wheat EST-SSRs into the existing rye genetic maps and to construct a consensus rye microsatellite map. Four rye mapping populations (P87/P105, N6/N2, N7/N2 and N7/N6) were tested with CFE (EST-SSRs) primers. A total of 23 Xcfe loci were mapped on rye chromosomes: Xcfe023, -136 and -266 on chromosome 1R, Xcfe006, -067, -175 and -187 on 2R, Xcfe029 and -282 on 3R, Xcfe004, -100, -152, -224 and -260 on 4R, Xcfe037, -208 and -270 on 5R, Xcfe124, -159 and -277 on 6R, Xcfe010, -143 and -228 on 7R. With the exception of Xcfe159 and Xcfe224, all the Xcfe loci mapped were found in orthologous positions considering multiple evolutionary translocations in the rye genome relative to those of common wheat. The consensus map was constructed using mapping data from the four bi-parental populations. It contains a total of 123 microsatellites, 12 SNPs, 118 RFLPs and 2 isozyme loci.

The location and effects of genes modifying the response of wheat to the herbicide difenzoquat

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
D. Leckie ◽  
J. W. Snape
Keyword(s):  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Modifier Genes ◽  
Monosomic Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Intermediate Response

SUMMARYSingle chromosome substitution lines of hexaploid wheat were developed using a variety resistant to difenzoquat, Chinese Spring, as donor and a susceptible variety, Sicco, as recipient, and were used to identify chromosomes carrying genes which modify the responses of these varieties. It was found that chromosomes 3B and 5D from Chinese Spring might act to reduce the amount of damage caused by the herbicide in the presence of the allele for susceptibility at the Dfql locus. The intermediate response to the herbicide, which is shown by some commerical varieties, was also investigated using a backcross reciprocal monosomic analysis. In these varieties, the allele at the Dfql locus determining the reaction to the herbicide was shown to be similar to that of the susceptible variety Sicco. It is, therefore, probable that the responses of intermediate varieties are due to the effects of modifier genes increasing resistance.

GENETIC ANALYSIS OF HEXAPLOID WHEAT, TRITICUM AESTIVUM, USING INTERVARIETAL CHROMOSOME SUBSTITUTION LINES. I. CULM LENGTH, EAR DENSITY, SPIKELET NUMBER AND FERTILITY

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Spikelet Number ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Lines ◽  
Culm Length ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Photoperiodic Responses

Genetic analyses were conducted of culm length, ear density, spikelet number and fertility in wheat using the two cultivars Chinese Spring and Hope and the 21 chromosome substitution lines of Hope in Chinese Spring.Elimination of differential vernalization and photoperiodic responses of the substitution lines revealed comparatively simple genetic control of these characters. Minimal estimates of the number of genes determining character expression are three for culm length, four for ear density, six for spikelet number and five for fertility. Major and minor influences of these genes have been arbitrarily determined.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document