Genetic parameters of flax genotrophs. V. Behaviour of nuclear DNA in parental and F1 generations

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. A. Al-Saheal ◽  
A. S. Larik
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Direct Part ◽  
Cytoplasmic Factor ◽  
Dna Values ◽  
Flax Genotrophs ◽  
Flax Variety ◽  
Dna Amounts

The nuclear DNA difference between large (L) and small (S) genotrophs, induced in the flax variety 'Stormont Cirrus' (PL), was investigated using Feulgen photometry. L and S genotrophs were crossed, respectively, to the PL genotype and the parental, and F1 generations were grown in greenhouse (T1) and field (T2) temperatures. Results demonstrate that (i) the DNA values show increased reversion in the crosses, compared with the parents at T1 and less reversion in the crosses, than in the parents, at T2; (ii) more reversion occurs in the PL maternal crosses than in the PL paternal crosses; and (iii) the PL genotroph possess a nuclear and a cytoplasmic factor which plays a direct part in determining nuclear DNA changes in the chromosomes of the stable genotype.Key words: rDNA, DNA amounts, genotrophs, temperature effects.

Genetic factors determining plasticity in flax genotrophs

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. A. Al-Saheal ◽  
A. S. Larik
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Direct Part ◽  
Cytoplasmic Factor ◽  
Cytoplasmic Factors ◽  
Flax Genotrophs

Changes in the amount of nuclear DNA can be induced in 'Stormont Cirrus', a plastic variety (PL) of flax, by different environments, but not in the linseed variety 'Royal' (R) which is not plastic. PL is thought to contain nuclear and cytoplasmic factors, not possessed by R, which are necessary for the plastic characters to appear. Further crosses have shown that the PL nuclear factor plays a direct part in the determination of plasticity and that the cytoplasmic factor is maintained in the presence of both PL and R nuclei. Insofar as the genetic analysis has been taken, the distribution of genetic factors determining plasticity (+) or nonplasticity (−) in PL and R are as follows: nuclear factor (PL, +; R, −); cytoplasmic factor (PL, +; R, −); nuclear factor for synthesizing de nouveau cytoplasmic factor (PL, −; R, −); nuclear factor for maintaining the cytoplasmic factor (PL, +; R, +); site at which DNA changes occur (PL, +; R, +). It is suggested that the nuclear factor is activated by the cytoplasmic factor, and must come directly from a cytoplasm containing the cytoplasmic factor to be operative.Key words: flax, genotype plasticity, plasticity, genotrophs.

Nuclear DNA amount in pure species and hybrid willows (Salix): a flow cytometric investigation

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Thibault
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Key Words Flow Cytometry ◽  
Dna Values ◽  
Dna Amounts

Flow cytometry (FCM) has been used to estimate the nuclear DNA content of 11 Salix species and 5 hybrids. One hundred and sixty nine individuals were studied including 159 individuals from a sequence of 32 communities along a stretch of river in France and 10 individuals from French and English collections for comparison. Isolated nuclei were stained with propidium iodide. FCM was a significantly more practical and rapid technique than that of establishing the karyotype to survey many samples of Salix for variation in ploidy. The 2C DNA amounts for diploid species ranged from 0.76 to 0.98 pg, and tetraploid values ranged from 1.62 to 1.80 pg. The DNA values were consistent with the known ploidy levels. With the exception of a doubtful Salix xquercifolia, ploidy levels and DNA amounts of hybrids were intermediate compared with those of their parents. Intraspecific variation of nuclear DNA values including instrumental variation was low (i.e., 6-11% at the same ploidy level). FCM appeared to be an accurate tool for determination of Salix triploid hybrids. However, it remains limited concerning hybrids from crosses between species of the same ploidy level. Results suggest that natural hybridization might not be frequent in the communities studied, although they have been subject to disturbance. Previous overestimates of hybridization frequency in willows were probably due to misinterpretation of the effects of the environment on Salix spp. morphology; however, the extent and mechanisms of introgression in the genus remain to be further investigated. Key words: flow cytometry, Salix, hybridization, nuclear DNA content, riparian vegetation, disturbance.

Genetic control of environmentally induced DNA variation in flax genotrophs

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. A. Al-Saheal ◽  
A. S. Larik
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Cytoplasmic Factor ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Cytoplasmic Factors ◽  
Flax Genotrophs

Heritable changes can be induced in the amount of nuclear DNA of the Stormont Cirrus variety (PL) of flax when grown in the specific environments of nitrogen and phosphorus, but such changes did not occur in variety Royal (R). Changes occurred in the amount of nuclear DNA of R when the PL nuclear and cytoplasmic factors were introduced by crossing. In the experiments reported here, tests were made on the plasticity of the F1's of their reciprocal crosses to PL and R to understand why L and S genotrophs are stable. The results suggest that there may be a feedback from nucleus to cytoplasm in L0, which inactivates the cytoplasmic factor. Possibly a paramutation-like mechanism adjusts the different amount of DNA, or heterochromatin, between the homologous chromosomes in heterozygotes. L3 and S3 DNA has reverted to the same amount as in PL. This reversion in DNA appears to be accompanied by an increase in stability rather than in any gain in plasticity. Key words: environment, flax, genotrophs, DNA variation.

Nuclear DNA amounts in angiosperms

1982 ◽  
Vol 216 (1203) ◽  
pp. 179-199 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Alphabetical Order ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dna Values ◽  
Single List ◽  
Supplementary List ◽  
Angiosperm Species ◽  
Dna Amounts

Nuclear DNA amounts have been estimated for more than 200 angiosperm species since the last collected list of such values for about 750 species was published by Bennett & Smith in 1976 ( Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 274, 227- 274). These new estimates are either scattered in a wide range of scientific journals or, in many cases, unpublished; so they are not readily accessible. A publication, collecting these data in a single list is required. This paper contains a supplementary list of absolute DNA values, including estimates for 240 angiosperm species not listed by Bennett & Smith in 1976, as well as additional estimates for 41 species already listed by them. These data are assembled primarily for reference purposes. Consequently, the species are listed in alphabetical order, as this was felt to be more helpful to cyto- and biochemists, who it is anticipated will be among the major users.

scholarly journals Nuclear DNA Amounts in Gymnosperms

1998 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
B MURRAY
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Dna Amounts

Specific nuclear DNA amounts in toads of the genus Bufo

Chromosoma ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Bachmann
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Dna Amounts

Diversity in ploidy levels and nuclear DNA amounts in Korean Miscanthus species

Euphytica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youn-Ho Moon ◽  
Young-Lok Cha ◽  
Yong-Hwan Choi ◽  
Young-Mi Yoon ◽  
Bon-Cheol Koo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Dna Amounts

CYTOGENETIC EFFECTS OF 2,4-D AND AMITROLE IN RELATION TO NUCLEAR VOLUME AND DNA CONTENT IN SOME HIGHER PLANTS

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Mohandas ◽  
W. F. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Interphase Chromosome ◽  
Dna Values ◽  
Cytological Abnormalities ◽  
Centaurea Jacea ◽  
Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum

The cytological effects of 2,4-D and amitrole were studied for 12 species (Tradescantia clone 02, Allium cepa, Vicia faba, Triticum aestivum, T. dicoccum, Hordeum vulgare, Secale cereale, Centaurea jacea, Cirsium vulgare, Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, Plantago major and Erigeron canadensis). Ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) was used as a positive control. The cytological abnormalities induced in root-tip cells by both 2,4-D and amitrole included chromosome bridges, fragments, lagging chromosomes, and chromatin bodies; 2,4-D also induced chromosome contraction, and C-mitoses. Studies following seed treatments of Hordeum vulgare on M2 seedlings showed that 2,4-D and EMS induced albina mutants. Interphase nuclear volumes of the various species were measured from root-tip meristems. Nuclear DNA values were determined cytophotometrically for seven species. The relative DNA values were found to be positively correlated with nuclear volumes. The lack of any clear relationship between the number of cytological abnormalities induced by the chemicals and the nuclear and interphase chromosome volumes of the plants probably reflects a lack of synchrony of the treated cell population.

scholarly journals Nuclear DNA Amounts in Macaronesian Angiosperms

2003 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. SUDA
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Dna Amounts
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