Male sterility in Brassica napus L. associated with an extra chromosome

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Fan ◽  
W. Tai ◽  
B. R. Stefansson
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Extra Chromosome ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Cytological Examination ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Backcross Populations ◽  
Mother Cells

Male sterility was investigated in backcross populations from hybrids between Diplotaxis muralis and Brassica napus using the former as the female parent. The F1 was male sterile and low frequencies (less than 20%) of male sterile plants were obtained from subsequent backcross generations. The data did not fit any Mendelian genetic ratios. Cytological examination of pollen mother cells from 52 plants of these backcross populations indicated the presence of an extra chromosome in all 22 male sterile plants and the normal chromosome number (2n = 38) in the remaining 30 fertile plants. Thus an extra chromosome which is derived from Diplotaxis muralis appears to be the sole cause of male sterility in these backcross populations.Key words: male sterility, Brassica napus, Diplotaxis muralis.

MAINTAINERS AND RESTORERS FOR THREE MALE-STERILITY-INDUCING CYTOPLASMS IN RAPE (Brassica napus L.)

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Fan ◽  
B. R. STEFANSSON ◽  
J. L. SERNYK
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Extra Chromosome ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Restoration Of Fertility

The F1 progenies from crosses involving 32 Brassica napus L. strains (including named cultivars) and male-sterile plants carrying one of the three cytoplasms, ogu, nap, and pol were evaluated for male fertility. All strains were found to be maintainers for the ogu cytoplasm. The fertility of the nap male-sterile plants were fully restored by 30 strains. The cultivar Bronowski partially maintained the nap male sterility, and segregation for male fertility/sterility was observed in the F1 hybrid between nap male sterile plants and the cultivar Lergo. Lergo, therefore, appears to be heterogeneous for genes conditioning maintenance and restoration of this type of male sterility. Most strains were maintainers and the balance were partial maintainers for the pol cytoplasm. The F2 and backcross data obtained under a controlled environment suggest that both the cultivars Karat and Westar possess a single dominant gene for the restoration of fertility in nap cytoplasm. Fertility in the pol cytoplasm was restored in the F1 of crosses between pol B. napus and the B. juncea L. Czern. cultivar ZEM. Five male fertile lines of pol B. napus were selected from the ZEM crosses after five generations of backcrossing to B. napus cultivar Regent and three generations of self-pollination. Selection for fertility during backcrossing and self-pollination resulted in selection for an extra chromosome involved with male fertility restoration.Key words: Rape, Brassica napus L., CMS, maintainers, restorers

Interspecific introgression of male sterility from tetraploid oilseed Brassica napus to diploid vegetable B. rapa through hybridisation and backcrossing

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengjie Wan ◽  
Yuanbao Tan ◽  
Minhui Shi ◽  
Yuejin Xu ◽  
Nader Aryamanesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Interspecific Introgression ◽  
C Genome ◽  
Inbreeding Line

Interspecific F1 hybrids were obtained from a cross between a male sterile Brassica napus (2n = 4x = 38, AA (20) and CC (18) genomes) and an inbreeding line B. rapa (Purple Cai-Tai inbred line 9418, 2n = 2x = 20, AA (20) genome) to introgress male sterility from a tetraploid into a diploid through backcrossing. The morphological characteristics of F1 plants were more like the female parent B. napus and segregated considerably in BC1 when backcrossed to the recurrent parent Purple Cai-Tai. The progeny became stable and more similar to Purple Cai-Tai by BC4. Most C genome chromosomes were found to be eliminated, based on cytogenetic analysis. The majority of chromosomes were eliminated at very early backcross stages, with only 20–26 chromosomes in BC1 plants, and some chromosomes were eliminated gradually with increased backcross generations. The BC4 plants were generally stable with exactly 20 chromosomes. Analysis by AFLP indicated that 49.5–68.7% of the total bands eliminated from F1 to BC4 were female parent specific, and ~12% of B. napus bands were retained with increased backcrossing. The genetic materials controlling sterility from the female parent B. napus were introgressed successfully into the BC4 plants even though most B. napus chromosomes/genetic materials were eliminated during the backcross process.

SEED PRODUCTION OF HYBRID SUMMER RAPE IN THE FIELD USING THE POL CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY SYSTEM: A FIRST ATTEMPT

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. PINNISCH ◽  
P. B. E. McVETTY
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Male Sterile Line ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Seed Yields

Hybrid summer rape (Brassica napus L.) seed production blocks were established at two locations in Manitoba in 1986 and 1987 to examine the effect of distance from the pollen source on seed yield, (both total and hybrid) and percent hybridity of seed produced on rows of a male sterile line of the open pollinated population B. napus cultivar, Marnoo, possessing the pol cytoplasmic male sterility inducing cytoplasm. A 10:1 ratio of male sterile line (A-line) to pollen parent was employed. Leaf cutter bees (Megachile rotundata F.) were used as the pollen vector between the two parents. In 1986, no significant differences in total seed yield were found among A-line rows, while in 1987, significant differences in total seed yields of A-line rows were found. Differences in hybrid seed yields among A-line rows were significant for all locations and years. Leaf cutter bees were found to be effective pollinators of the A-line plants. Less than half and less than a third of the seed produced on the A-line rows in 1986 and 1987, respectively, was hybrid seed. The high percentage of non-hybrid seed present in the seed lot may have been due to incomplete male sterility of the Marnoo A-line population. Total seed yields, hybrid seed yields and percent hybridity all declined linearly as distance from the pollen source increased. Improvement in the degree of male sterility of the Marnoo A-line population and/or a reduction in the 10:1 ratio of parents, and subsequent maximum A-line row to R-line row distance, will be necessary if hybrid summer rape seed production using this pol CMS A-line is to be commercially viable.Key words: Brassica napus L., CMS, hybrid, hybridity

Diplotaxis muralis (mur) cytoplasmic male sterility system maintainer occurrence and frequency in summer rape

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresio C. Riungu ◽  
Peter B. E. McVetty
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterile

No male sterile plants were found in the F1 progeny from crosses between a Diplotaxis muralis cytoplasmic male sterile (mur CMS) semi-winter habit rape (Brassica napus L.) A-line and 101 genetically diverse summer rape cultivars or strains. The frequency of occurrence of mur CMS system maintainer genotypes in summer rape is very low, possibly zero. Key words: Mur CMS system; Brassica napus L.

Comparison of the effect of nap and pol cytoplasms on the performance of three summer oilseed rape cultivar-derived isoline pairs

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. E. McVetty ◽  
R. Pinnisch
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Relative Effect ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Male Sterile Cytoplasm ◽  
The One

The pol cytoplasm is a male sterile cytoplasm with potential for use in hybrid summer rape (Brassica napus L.) seed production while the nap cytoplasm is the one most commonly encountered in summer rape cultivars. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of three cultivar-derived summer rape isoline pairs in the nap and pol cytoplasms to determine the relative effect on performance of these two cytoplasms. One nap line yielded significantly more than its corresponding pol line, three nap lines had significantly higher oil content than their corresponding pol lines, two nap lines had significantly higher protein content than their corresponding pol lines, and two nap lines produced significantly more seed energy than their corresponding pol lines. There are pleiotropic negative effects (biological costs) associated with the pol cytoplasm. These negative effects are affected by nuclear genotype and appear to be related to the depth of male sterility expressed in the derived pol A-line. Key words: Cytoplasm cost, Brassica napus L., cytoplasmic male sterility

GENETIC MALE STERILITY IN RAPE (Brassica napus L.) CONDITIONED BY INTERACTION OF GENES AT TWO LOCI

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1115-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
LI ◽  
Y. QIAN ◽  
Z. WU ◽  
B. R. STEFANSSON
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Genetic Male Sterility ◽  
Generation Hybrid ◽  
Research Institute

Genetic male sterility (GMS) discovered in the rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivar, No.23, is conditioned by genes at two loci. The genes were designated as Ms1 and Ms2. Plants homozygous or heterozygous for the dominant Ms1 allele (Ms1Ms1 or Ms1ms1) and homozygous for the recessive ms2 allele (ms2ms2) were sterile while plants homozygous or heterozygous for the dominant Ms2 allele were fertile regardless of the alleles present at the Ms1 locus. The double recessive was also fertile. This indicates dominance epistasis at the Ms2 locus over the Ms1 locus. This GMS system can be used to produce first generation hybrid rape if the required genotypes have been isolaed. Pollination of the homozygous male sterile, Ms1Ms1ms2ms2 with the pollen from the double recessive fertile, ms1ms1ms2 ms2 will produce a generation of sterile plants. These sterile plants (Ms1ms1ms2ms2) when pollinated with pollen from genotypes homozygous for the Ms2 allele (Ms2Ms2), will produce a generation of fertile plants. The various genotypes which can be isolated from this GMS system are being used to develop hybrid rape at the Research Institute of the Shanghai Academy of Sciences.Key words: Rape, genetic male sterility, hybrids, Brassica napus

A cytogenetic study of monosomics in Brassica napus L.

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 683-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhegong Fan ◽  
William Tap
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Centromeric Region ◽  
Cytogenetic Study ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Meiotic Behavior ◽  
Cytological Examination ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Small Pollen ◽  
Mother Cells

Two types of monosomic plants of Brassica napus L. were discovered among the backcross progenies of crosses between Diplotaxis muralis L. and B. napus and between Brassica juncea L. and B. napus. These monosomics were designated mono-1 and mono-2, respectively. Morphologically the monosomic plants were virtually indistinguishable from their sib disomic plants. Seed production on both mono-1 and mono-2 plants was normal. Cytological examination revealed that most pollen mother cells (85%) of mono-1 plants formed 18 bivalents plus one univalent at diakinesis, while the remainder (15%) formed 17 bivalents plus a trivalent. The univaltn in mono-1 was submetacentric and its two arms were always stained more lightly than the centromeric region. Later meiotic stages in mono-1 plants appeared normal. The plants of mono-1 produced two types of pollen grains which were different in size. Both the large and small pollen grains of mono-1 were deeply stained with an I2–KI solution. Meiotic behavior of mono-2 plants was similar to that of mono-1 plants, but the frequency of trivalent formation was higher (62%). The univalent in mono-2 was longer than the two chromosomes it paired with to form a trivalent. Pollen produced on mono-2 plants was uniform in size and comparable to that of the normal disomics.Key words: Brassica napus, Brassica juncea, Diplotaxis muralis, aneuploidy, monosomics.

scholarly journals Cytological investigation of anther development in DGMS line Shaan-GMS in Brassica napus L.

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.D. Xiao ◽  
X.Y. Xin ◽  
H.Y. Chen ◽  
S.W. Hu
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Spindle Assembly Checkpoint ◽  
Anther Development ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Cells With Micronuclei ◽  
New Type ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Cytological Mechanism ◽  
Dominant Genic Male Sterile

The cytological mechanism of male sterility of Shaan-GMS, a natural mutant dominant genic male sterile (DGMS) line in Brassica napus L., is not well studied. Cytological observation was made on different-size buds of DGMS line 0A30A derived from Shaan-GMS line. The pollen mother cells (PMCs) of DGMS line 0A30A were degenerating at the beginning of meiosis and could not pass the anaphase I stage, with no dyads or tetrads formed, suggesting that the DNA damage checkpoint and spindle assembly checkpoint were activated in sterile anthers. During the meiosis process of sterile anthers in the sterile plants, several kinds of abnormal meiotic cells could be observed: nuclei condensed PMCs, cells with micronuclei, collapsed cells, plasmolysis cells, cells connected with nucleoplasmic bridge, and microspore analogue developed from PMCs without meiosis but enclosed by the exine wall. The results suggested Shaan-GMS to be a new type of DGMS line in B. napus.

Meiotic behaviour of extra chromosomes in fertility restored Polima CMS Brassica napus plants

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 438-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Tai ◽  
Peter B. E. McVetty
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Extra Chromosome ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Backcross Progeny ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Very High Frequencies

Crosses were made between Brassica napus (2n = 38) with the 'Polima' cytoplasmic male sterile system and variety 'Zem' of B. juncea. Fertility was partially restored in backcross progeny with an extra chromosome (2n = 39) that was believed to be a member of the B genome of B. juncea. Among more than 40 self-pollinated offspring plants studied, fertility restoration was transmitted only through those plants with two extra chromosomes (2n = 40). Anthers of these plants were either full or shriveled with small swollen protrusions. Full and round pollen grains were found in full anthers and in the swollen portion of shriveled anthers. These pollen grains were stained darkly with I2-KI solution and full seed set was obtained from bagged flowers. Meiotic studies in plants with 2n = 40 showed 18 bivalents + 1 quadrivalent at diakinesis in most of the pollen mother cells analyzed. The chromosomes segregated equally at anaphase I and behaved normally at other meiotic stages. The presence of a single quadrivalent in the backcross progeny was highly consistent and occurred in very high frequencies. It is believed that the extra chromosomes belong to the B genome of B. juncea and take part in the quadrivalent formation.Key words: Brassica napus, cytoplasmic male sterility, aneuploidy, Polima, Brassica juncea, rapeseed cytogenetics.

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