MAINTAINERS AND RESTORERS FOR THREE MALE-STERILITY-INDUCING CYTOPLASMS IN RAPE (Brassica napus L.)

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Fan ◽  
B. R. STEFANSSON ◽  
J. L. SERNYK
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Extra Chromosome ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Restoration Of Fertility

The F1 progenies from crosses involving 32 Brassica napus L. strains (including named cultivars) and male-sterile plants carrying one of the three cytoplasms, ogu, nap, and pol were evaluated for male fertility. All strains were found to be maintainers for the ogu cytoplasm. The fertility of the nap male-sterile plants were fully restored by 30 strains. The cultivar Bronowski partially maintained the nap male sterility, and segregation for male fertility/sterility was observed in the F1 hybrid between nap male sterile plants and the cultivar Lergo. Lergo, therefore, appears to be heterogeneous for genes conditioning maintenance and restoration of this type of male sterility. Most strains were maintainers and the balance were partial maintainers for the pol cytoplasm. The F2 and backcross data obtained under a controlled environment suggest that both the cultivars Karat and Westar possess a single dominant gene for the restoration of fertility in nap cytoplasm. Fertility in the pol cytoplasm was restored in the F1 of crosses between pol B. napus and the B. juncea L. Czern. cultivar ZEM. Five male fertile lines of pol B. napus were selected from the ZEM crosses after five generations of backcrossing to B. napus cultivar Regent and three generations of self-pollination. Selection for fertility during backcrossing and self-pollination resulted in selection for an extra chromosome involved with male fertility restoration.Key words: Rape, Brassica napus L., CMS, maintainers, restorers

Male sterility in Brassica napus L. associated with an extra chromosome

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Fan ◽  
W. Tai ◽  
B. R. Stefansson
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Extra Chromosome ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Cytological Examination ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Backcross Populations ◽  
Mother Cells

Male sterility was investigated in backcross populations from hybrids between Diplotaxis muralis and Brassica napus using the former as the female parent. The F1 was male sterile and low frequencies (less than 20%) of male sterile plants were obtained from subsequent backcross generations. The data did not fit any Mendelian genetic ratios. Cytological examination of pollen mother cells from 52 plants of these backcross populations indicated the presence of an extra chromosome in all 22 male sterile plants and the normal chromosome number (2n = 38) in the remaining 30 fertile plants. Thus an extra chromosome which is derived from Diplotaxis muralis appears to be the sole cause of male sterility in these backcross populations.Key words: male sterility, Brassica napus, Diplotaxis muralis.

Inheritance of maintenance and restoration of the Diplotaxis muralis (mur) cytoplasmic male sterility system in summer rape

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Riungu ◽  
P. B. E. McVetty
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Restorer Genes ◽  
Ready Availability ◽  
System Maintenance

The inheritance of Diplotaxis muralis (L) DC. mur cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) system maintenance and restoration in summer rape (Brassica napus L.) was studied by crossing eight summer rape cultivars of diverse origin to a winter habit mur CMS A-line. The F1 progenies from all eight crosses were male fertile and were selfed to produce the F2 generation. The F2 generation was grown in the field and data on segregation for male fertility and sterility were recorded and analyzed. The F2 segregation data showed that mur CMS restoration in summer rape is controlled by dominant alleles at one to three restorer genes. The number of genes for the restoration of male fertility in mur CMS varied both among and, occasionally, within cultivars. Maintainer lines for mur CMS must carry recessive alleles in homozygous condition at all three restorer genes. The ready availability of summer rape restorers suggests that the mur CMS system has good potential for hybrid cultivar development and hybrid seed production in summer rape; however, maintainers in summer rape must first be discovered or developed. Key words: Cytoplasmic male sterility, canola, Brassica napus, male sterility

SELFING ABILITY AND MALE STERILITY IN SENECIO VERNALIS WALDST. ET KIT. (ASTERACEAE) FROM ISRAEL

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.P. Comes
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Ovule Number ◽  
Selfing Ability

Two major findings relating to the breeding system of Senecio vernalis from Israel are reported. First, isolation experiments failed to confirm the existence of a widespread, truly self-compatible and predominantly self-pollinating breeding system in Israeli populations of S. vernalis. However, a single S. vernalis plant derived from a natural stand at Jerusalem was found to be self- compatible and strongly self-pollinating. In its progeny, there were signs of inbreeding depression commonly associated with selfed offspring of outbreeding species. Selfing ability ratios in this progeny indicate a single dominant gene for selfing ability in S. vernalis. The implications of these observations for the origin of S. vulgaris are briefly discussed. Second, the occurrence of gynodioecy in S. vernalis populations from Israel is reported. Although male sterile plants are recognizable by the complete absence of pollen on their exposed stigmas, there probably exists a large amount of variation within and between plants for pollen production. Infertile pollen grains of male steriles differ in size, shape, and sculpturing from those of hermaphrodites. At the Mt. of Olives, in Jerusalem, the frequency of male steriles was found to be 9.1%. There is some preliminary evidence for differences in floret (= ovule) number between the two gender types. Although the inheritance of male sterility appears to be predominantly cytoplasmically controlled, additional mechanisms restoring male fertility have to be postulated to account for the data observed in one of the crosses. The male sterility system in S. vernalis should therefore be referred to as “nuclear-cytoplasmic.”

SEED PRODUCTION OF HYBRID SUMMER RAPE IN THE FIELD USING THE POL CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILITY SYSTEM: A FIRST ATTEMPT

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. PINNISCH ◽  
P. B. E. McVETTY
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Male Sterile Line ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Seed Yields

Hybrid summer rape (Brassica napus L.) seed production blocks were established at two locations in Manitoba in 1986 and 1987 to examine the effect of distance from the pollen source on seed yield, (both total and hybrid) and percent hybridity of seed produced on rows of a male sterile line of the open pollinated population B. napus cultivar, Marnoo, possessing the pol cytoplasmic male sterility inducing cytoplasm. A 10:1 ratio of male sterile line (A-line) to pollen parent was employed. Leaf cutter bees (Megachile rotundata F.) were used as the pollen vector between the two parents. In 1986, no significant differences in total seed yield were found among A-line rows, while in 1987, significant differences in total seed yields of A-line rows were found. Differences in hybrid seed yields among A-line rows were significant for all locations and years. Leaf cutter bees were found to be effective pollinators of the A-line plants. Less than half and less than a third of the seed produced on the A-line rows in 1986 and 1987, respectively, was hybrid seed. The high percentage of non-hybrid seed present in the seed lot may have been due to incomplete male sterility of the Marnoo A-line population. Total seed yields, hybrid seed yields and percent hybridity all declined linearly as distance from the pollen source increased. Improvement in the degree of male sterility of the Marnoo A-line population and/or a reduction in the 10:1 ratio of parents, and subsequent maximum A-line row to R-line row distance, will be necessary if hybrid summer rape seed production using this pol CMS A-line is to be commercially viable.Key words: Brassica napus L., CMS, hybrid, hybridity

Diplotaxis muralis (mur) cytoplasmic male sterility system maintainer occurrence and frequency in summer rape

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresio C. Riungu ◽  
Peter B. E. McVetty
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterile

No male sterile plants were found in the F1 progeny from crosses between a Diplotaxis muralis cytoplasmic male sterile (mur CMS) semi-winter habit rape (Brassica napus L.) A-line and 101 genetically diverse summer rape cultivars or strains. The frequency of occurrence of mur CMS system maintainer genotypes in summer rape is very low, possibly zero. Key words: Mur CMS system; Brassica napus L.

Comparison of the effect of nap and pol cytoplasms on the performance of three summer oilseed rape cultivar-derived isoline pairs

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. E. McVetty ◽  
R. Pinnisch
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Relative Effect ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Male Sterile Cytoplasm ◽  
The One

The pol cytoplasm is a male sterile cytoplasm with potential for use in hybrid summer rape (Brassica napus L.) seed production while the nap cytoplasm is the one most commonly encountered in summer rape cultivars. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of three cultivar-derived summer rape isoline pairs in the nap and pol cytoplasms to determine the relative effect on performance of these two cytoplasms. One nap line yielded significantly more than its corresponding pol line, three nap lines had significantly higher oil content than their corresponding pol lines, two nap lines had significantly higher protein content than their corresponding pol lines, and two nap lines produced significantly more seed energy than their corresponding pol lines. There are pleiotropic negative effects (biological costs) associated with the pol cytoplasm. These negative effects are affected by nuclear genotype and appear to be related to the depth of male sterility expressed in the derived pol A-line. Key words: Cytoplasm cost, Brassica napus L., cytoplasmic male sterility

GENETIC MALE STERILITY IN RAPE (Brassica napus L.) CONDITIONED BY INTERACTION OF GENES AT TWO LOCI

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1115-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
LI ◽  
Y. QIAN ◽  
Z. WU ◽  
B. R. STEFANSSON
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Genetic Male Sterility ◽  
Generation Hybrid ◽  
Research Institute

Genetic male sterility (GMS) discovered in the rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivar, No.23, is conditioned by genes at two loci. The genes were designated as Ms1 and Ms2. Plants homozygous or heterozygous for the dominant Ms1 allele (Ms1Ms1 or Ms1ms1) and homozygous for the recessive ms2 allele (ms2ms2) were sterile while plants homozygous or heterozygous for the dominant Ms2 allele were fertile regardless of the alleles present at the Ms1 locus. The double recessive was also fertile. This indicates dominance epistasis at the Ms2 locus over the Ms1 locus. This GMS system can be used to produce first generation hybrid rape if the required genotypes have been isolaed. Pollination of the homozygous male sterile, Ms1Ms1ms2ms2 with the pollen from the double recessive fertile, ms1ms1ms2 ms2 will produce a generation of sterile plants. These sterile plants (Ms1ms1ms2ms2) when pollinated with pollen from genotypes homozygous for the Ms2 allele (Ms2Ms2), will produce a generation of fertile plants. The various genotypes which can be isolated from this GMS system are being used to develop hybrid rape at the Research Institute of the Shanghai Academy of Sciences.Key words: Rape, genetic male sterility, hybrids, Brassica napus

Evaluation of the cost of restoration of male fertility in Brassica napus

Botany ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 847-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin R. Montgomery ◽  
Maia F. Bailey ◽  
Gregory G. Brown ◽  
Lynda F. Delph
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Pollen Counts ◽  
Restorer Genes ◽  
The Cost

Gynodioecy frequently results from the interplay of mitochondrial cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and nuclear fertility-restoration genes. Models suggest that maintaining cytonuclear gynodioecy requires that restorer genes incur a cost to fitness because otherwise they would increase toward fixation. Direct tests of costs of restorer alleles require knowledge of the underlying genetics of sex determination. We use a well characterized CMS system in Brassica napus L. to measure aspects of fitness in four lineages that vary in whether they carry the pol CMS gene or male-fertile cytoplasm (cam), and whether they carry the Rfp restorer of pol or Rfn restorer of the nap CMS gene. As expected, plants with pol CMS and only the Rfn restorer experienced reduced flower size, stamen length, and pollen counts. Plants with pol and the Rfp restorer showed incomplete restoration with shorter stamens than both lines with cam cytoplasm and reduced pollen counts compared with plants with cam cytoplasm and the Rfp restorer. Among plants with cam cytoplasm, pollen counts were higher for those with the Rfp than Rfn restorer, indicating a greater cost of restoration associated with Rfn. These results demonstrate that costs of restoration differ for the Rfn and Rfp alleles in B. napus.

Cytoplasmic male sterility in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.): female fertility of restored rapeseed with "Ogura" and cybrids cytoplasms

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pellan-Delourme ◽  
M. Renard
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Embryo Sac ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Restorer Genes

The study of Brassica napus L. plants carrying restorer genes introgressed from radish (Raphanus sativus L.) showed that these genes ensured restoration of male fertility in rapeseed for all the male sterility-inducing cytoplasm studied, i.e., "Ogura"-type cytoplasm and that of four cybrids obtained by protoplast fusion. Plants with high levels of restored male fertility were obtained. However, the introduction of restorer genes was accompanied by a large decrease in seed set. Observations of embryo sacs inside the ovules and correlation between number of seeds per pod and percentage of octonucleate embryo sacs indicated that low seed set could be attributed to a high rate of embryo sac abortion, mainly at the uninucleate stage. Introduction of too much radish genetic information was assumed to be the cause of this low female fertility. Female fertility must be improved before the restored material can be used for F1 hybrid rapeseed production.Key words: Brassica napus, Raphanus sativus, cytoplasmic male sterility, restorer, cybrid, female fertility, embryo sac.

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