Segregation at enzyme loci in megagametophytes of white spruce, Picea glauca

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Craig Stewart ◽  
Daniel J. Schoen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
Mating Pattern ◽  
Enzyme Locus ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Enzyme Loci ◽  
Made In

Segregation patterns of six enzyme loci expressed in megagametophytes of white spruce (Picea glauca) were studied as part of an investigation of the mating pattern in a clonal seed orchard. More than 3000 megagametophytes from 79 trees representing 18 clones were assayed. The single locus patterns of segregation for each enzyme locus are consistent with simple Mendelian inheritance. The two locus patterns of segregation reveal that Idh and Gdh are tightly linked with an estimated recombination rate of 0.027 ± 0.004. No other pair of loci deviates significantly from the ratios expected for unlinked loci. Little heterogeneity in the pattern of gametic segregation was detected among ramets within clones or among clones for any of the loci. The results contribute to knowledge of genetic variation in this species and provide a basis for assumptions about segregation made in mating system estimation models.Key words: segregation, linkage, allozymes, Picea glauca, white spruce.

scholarly journals Genetic variation, mating patterns and gene flow in a Pinus pinaster Aiton clonal seed orchard

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 706-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lúcia Fernandes ◽  
Margarida Rocheta ◽  
Jorge Cordeiro ◽  
Sandra Pereira ◽  
Sophie Gerber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Pinus Pinaster ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Mating Patterns ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard

scholarly journals Lodgepole Pine and White Spruce Germination: Effects of Stratification and Simulated Aging

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodie Krakowski ◽  
Y. A. El-Kassaby
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Germination Parameters

Abstract The effects of seed pre-treatment (stratification/prechilling) and simulated aging on germination parameters (germination capacity, speed and value and peak value) were evaluated for several seedlots originating from seed orchard clones of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia DOUGL. ex LOUD.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (MOENCH) VOSS). Region of origin and stratification had little effect on white spruce, while stratification enhanced germination speed and completeness of lodgepole pine. Broad-sense heritability for germination parameters ranged from 70 to 97% (unstratified) and from 81 to 96% (stratified) for pine, and from 95 to 97% (unstratified) and from 93 to 97% (stratified) for spruce. Simulated aging (short-term storage at high temperature and relative humidity, approximating the physiological effects of long-term storage) resulted in rapid deterioration of white spruce, with very little germination after six days of aging. Lodgepole pine germination increased during the first several aging treatments relative to the control, but germination capacity decreased following twelve days of aging, and was very low after 18 days. White spruce was nondormant and responded primarily to moisture conditions, whereas pine was strongly influenced by maternal effects. These results can be incorporated for more efficacious nursery production practices for commercial reforestation seedling production as well as ex-situ gene conservation strategies.

Parental environment aftereffects on germination, growth, and adaptive traits in selected white spruce families

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael U Stoehr ◽  
Sylvia J L'Hirondelle ◽  
Wolfgang D Binder ◽  
Joe E Webber
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Germination Traits ◽  
Reproductive Processes ◽  
Progeny Performance ◽  
Needle Primordia

Seed orchards for the production of conifer seed in British Columbia are usually located in areas favorable (warm and dry) for flowering and seed development, often considerably south of the source location of the parent trees. Differences in environmental conditions between seed orchard location and location of origin can affect progeny performance. It is suspected that this is caused by environmental factors that affect reproductive processes of parent trees and lead to altered physiological traits (aftereffects). This study examined if aftereffects are present in white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss). Control pollinations were made at two locations, Red Rock, near Prince George (53°N) in central British Columbia, and Kalamalka, near Vernon (50°N) in southern British Columbia, on five female trees using a four-male polymix. Identical genotypes through grafting were present at the two locations. Pollen maturing at each site was only used in the polymix at that particular location. Progeny were raised and germination traits, number of needle primordia, greenhouse and field heights, and frost hardiness were evaluated in a common environment. The location of seed development significantly affected all traits evaluated. Height growth aftereffects in the second field season were much less than those observed in the first field season. These results suggest that aftereffects are detectable in white spruce progeny performance in British Columbia.

Comparisons of genetic diversity in white spruce (Picea glauca) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) seed orchards with natural populations

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 943-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J.W Godt ◽  
J L Hamrick ◽  
M A Edwards-Burke ◽  
J H Williams
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Source Area ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Seed Orchards

Genetic diversity within a white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) seed orchard (consisting of 40 clones) and a jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) seed orchard (31 clones) was assessed and compared with genetic diversity in natural populations within the source area for the orchards. Genetic diversity was determined at 18 allozyme loci for seven white spruce populations and 27 loci for five jack pine populations, and the two orchards. Gene diversity maintained within the seed orchards (He = 0.157 for white spruce and 0.114 for jack pine) was similar to that found within the source area for each species (He = 0.164 and 0.114 for white spruce and jack pine, respectively). However, nine white spruce alleles and 12 jack pine alleles identified in the source area were not present in the seed orchards. These alleles occurred at low frequencies in the natural populations (mean frequency = 0.023 and 0.014 for white spruce and jack pine, respectively). Mean genetic identities between the seed orchards and their natural populations were high (>0.99), indicating that common allele occurrences and frequencies were similar between the orchards and their source area. One allele in the white spruce orchard and two in the jack pine seed orchard did not occur within the natural population samples. Simulations indicated that randomly reducing the number of clones within the seed orchards would decrease allelic richness slightly but would have little effect on overall gene diversity.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation in Picea glauca for Growth and Phenological Traits From Provenance Tests in Ontario

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Lesser ◽  
W. H. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Adaptive Variation ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Intraclass Correlation Coefficients

Abstract Ecologically based management of white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss.) requires an understanding of its patterns of adaptive variation. This understanding will become increasingly important under changing climate conditions. Five common garden tests and a greenhouse trial established in 2002 across Ontario were used to assess levels of genetic variation and relate this variation to local climate. Growth and phenological variables, including height, root collar diameter, survival, timing of spring budflush, and timing of fall budset were measured. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated for all traits to determine levels of genetic variation. Simple linear regressions were used to relate these differences to local climate conditions. After two growing season’s levels of between-provenance genetic variation ranged from 0 percent for several of the budflush variables to 22 percent for 2003 survival at the Englehart field trial. Overall, growth variables showed higher levels of between-provenance variation than phenological variables. Variation was predominately explained by longitude, a surrogate for precipitation patterns in Ontario, and temperature variables related to the growing season with r2 values ranging from 0.03 to 0.55. Generally, patterns of adaptive variation followed a southeast to northwest trend across Ontario. Northern sources flushed earlier and set bud earlier, while southern sources demonstrated superior growth. Results support previous white spruce genecology studies showing superior growth of sources from the Ottawa valley region of Ontario and Quebec.

Population genetic variation, structure, and evolution in Engelmann spruce, white spruce, and their natural hybrid complex in Alberta

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 768-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Om P Rajora ◽  
Bruce P Dancik
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Putative Hybrid ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
Engelmann Spruce ◽  
Hybrid Complex ◽  
Allozyme Loci ◽  
Putative Hybrids

Genetic variation, structure, and evolution of 12 populations of putative Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmanii Parry), white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), and Engelmann - white spruce natural hybrids from the sympatric areas and two populations of white spruce from the allopatric areas in Alberta were examined using 23 allozyme loci coding for 13 enzymes in needles. Although most of the alleles were widespread, unique alleles were found in 9 of the 14 populations. No species-specific allele was observed. However, allele frequency differences were observed between the putative Engelmann and white spruce populations at a number of loci. Frequencies of 13 alleles showed significant correlation with altitude, those of 11 alleles showed correlation with latitude, and those of 3 alleles showed correlation with longitude. On average, 66.2% (99% criterion) of the loci were polymorphic, the number of alleles per locus was 1.88, the number of alleles per polymorphic locus was 2.88, and the observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.063 and 0.184, respectively. Genetic variability of allopatric white spruce, putative Engelmann, sympatric white spruce, and hybrid populations was quite comparable. The mean FST estimate was 0.123 for the total populations. Canonical discriminant functions separated four putative Engelmann spruce populations from the fifth putative Engelmann spruce population and from the allopatric and sympatric white spruce and sympatric putative hybrid populations. A cluster analysis from genetic distances generally separated allopatric and sympatric white spruce populations from the putative Engelmann spruce and hybrid populations. A Wagner tree of the 14 populations produced two main branches; one branch consisting of two allopatric and two sympatric white spruce and one putative hybrid populations, and another branch consisting of the remaining nine spruce populations representing putative Engelmann spruce, putative hybrids, and sympatric white spruce. Putative hybrids showed lower distances to white spruce from the canonical discriminant analysis, whereas they showed lower distances to putative Engelmann spruce from the genetic distance analysis. High allozyme genetic identities between putative Engelmann and white spruce and allelic differentiation related to altitude in Alberta suggest that Engelmann spruce could at best be considered as a subspecies of Picea glauca, with white spruce named as Picea glauca ssp. glauca and Engelmann spruce named as Picea glauca ssp. engelmannii.Key words: Picea glauca, Picea engelmannii, biosystematics, natural hybridization, species differentiation, genetic divergence.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation in Reproductive Traits in a Clonal Seed Orchard of Prunus avium in Northern Spain

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 110-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Díaz ◽  
E. Merlo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Northwestern Spain

AbstractIn the present study we investigated the reproductive phenology of Prunus avium in a seed orchard located in northwestern Spain. The study was carried out with 103 clones from 7 provenance regions in northern Spain. The most advanced flowering stage on different dates and the number of flowers and cherries were monitored over two consecutive years. Significant differences among clones were found for all of the studied traits, with high broad-sense heritability estimates for all, except duration of flowering and synchronization index, both of which showed moderate heritability. In general, there was good overall reproductive synchronization in the seed orchard, although two groups of clones were differentiated. Clones from two out of the seven populations studied flowered later and were less well synchronized. The clonal differentiation was correlated with geoclimatic variables, suggesting that clones from lower altitudes and higher temperatures tend to an earlier flowering.

scholarly journals Seed Production in Grafted Clonal Orchards at Longlac, Ontario

1982 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. McPherson ◽  
E. K. Morgenstern ◽  
B. S. P. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Cone Development ◽  
Number Of Seeds

One seed orchard each of black spruce (Picea mariana) [Mill.] B.S.P.) and white spruce (Picea glauca) [Moench] Voss) was established in northern Ontario gradually during the 1958-78 period. Each species was represented by approximately 45 clones and 450 ramets. During the whole period, records were kept of cone production by individual ramets and of seed production by clones expressed as average number of seeds per cone extracted and germinated. Substantial cone production began 8 years after grafting in black spruce and after 10 years in white spruce. The figures indicated that a clonal orchard of black spruce planted at 5 × 5 m spacing (400 ramets) produces approximately 1 million sound seeds per ha per year; the white spruce equivalent is 900 000. Conditions of cone development and cone storage and damage by insects and fungi can reduce germination of the sound seed harvested by about 20%.

Vegetative phenology in a clonal seed orchard of Piceaglauca and Piceamariana in northwestern Ontario

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conor O'Reilly ◽  
William H. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Growth Cessation ◽  
Clonal Seed Orchard ◽  
Qualitative Index ◽  
Vegetative Phenology

The vegetative phenology of Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss and P. mariana (Mill.) B.S.P. was determined in 1979 based on four ramets selected from each of 14 clones of each species located at a seed orchard in northern Ontario. The time of flushing of the leaders and four lateral branches was determined by a qualitative index of bud and shoot development; time of growth cessation was scored as the date at which 95% of shoot growth was complete. The flushing of the vegetative buds of white spruce lasted for a 10-day period compared with only 6 days for black spruce. Although the average date of flushing for white spruce clones was 9 days ahead of the average date for black spruce clones, the latest white spruce clone flushed only 3 days before the earliest black spruce clones. As well, degree-day requirements for flushing were significantly different for clones within each of the two species. These results suggest that the selection of late-flushing white spruce trees for seed orchard stock has the potential to decrease spring frost damage in this species in northern Ontario. Date of budbreak was not correlated with date of growth cessation for either white or black spruce; however, early-flushing clones of black spruce produced significantly greater leader extension than late-flushing clones.

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