Intergeneric hybrids between Secale cereale (2x) and Thinopyrum intermedium (6x)

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fedak ◽  
K. C. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Thinopyrum Intermedium ◽  
Paternal Parent ◽  
The Mean

Hybrids were obtained at the rate of 0.8% of pollinated florets in crossing of Thinopyrum intermedium spp. trichophorum onto Secale cereale cv. Puma. The morphology of the hybrid was similar to the paternal parent. The mean chromosome pairing in the hybrid was 18.80 I + 3.71 II + 0.56 III. A bivalent frequency of 0.04 was attributed to intergenomic pairing, the remainder being autosyndetic.Key words: hybrids (intergeneric), Secale, Thinopyrum, chromosome pairing, autosyndetic pairing.

Intergeneric hybrids of Hordeum vulgare with Agropyron caninum and A. dasystachyum

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Spindle Fibre ◽  
Chromosome Behavior ◽  
Paternal Parent ◽  
Agropyron Caninum

Hybrids were obtained by pollinating Hordeum vulgare cv. Betzes with Agropyron caninum (4x) and A. dasystachyum (4x) at frequencies of 1.4 and 6.1% of pollinated florets, respectively. The hybrids were sterile and phenotypically resembled the paternal parent, except for floret structure which was intermediate between the parental types. Chromosome pairing at meiosis was very low and thus provided no indication of homoeology between parental genomes. Abnormal meiotic chromosome behavior in meiocytes that occurred in sectors on the 'Betzes' × A. dasystachyum hybrid was attributed to abnormal spindle fibre function.Key words: intergeneric hybrids, Hordeum vulgare, Agropyron caninum, Agropyron dasystachyum.

Preferential intragenomic chromosome pairing in two new diploid intergeneric hybrids between Hordeum and Secale

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Gupta ◽  
George Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Binomial Distribution ◽  
Homologous Chromosome ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Hybrid Combination ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Chromosome Segments

Intergeneric hybrids involving Hordeum californicum with Secale anatolicum and Hordeum bogdanii with Secale cereale ssp. segetale were produced at a frequency of 1.3% of pollinated florets. Chiasmata frequencies of plants ranged from 0.13 to 0.21 per cell in the first hybrid combination and from 0.30 to 0.68 per cell in the second. The paucity of heteromorphic bivalents indicated absence of a close relationship between parental genomes. The associations in bivalents could be classified into Secale–Secale (R–R), Hordeum–Hordeum (H–H), and Secale–Hordeum (R–H) on the basis of difference in size of the chromosomes of Secale and Hordeum. Using a binomial distribution, it is shown that there was preferential intragenomic (R–R, H–H) chromosome pairing, which was attributed to the presence of homologous chromosome segments on nonhomologous chromosomes of the same genome. The distribution of Hordeum and Secale chromosomes to the poles at anaphase occurred at random. Key words: Hordeum, Secale, hybrids (intergeneric), chromosome pairing.

Partial amphiploids from wheat (Triticum aestivum) × rye (Secale cereale) crosses

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 624-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Gupta ◽  
George Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chinese Spring Wheat ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Partial Amphiploids

Two groups of three-way hybrids were produced by crossing F1 hybrids of 'Petkus' × 'Prolific' rye (2n = 14) and 'Prolific' × 'Puma' rye (2n = 14) onto 'Chinese Spring' wheat (2n = 42). Meiosis was studied in 89 plants from 29 families from the first combination and in 36 plants from 11 families in the second cross. In three families from the first combination ('Petkus' × 'Prolific') five partial amphiploids with chromosome numbers of 2n = 35, 36, 36, 38, and 41 were identified. The mean bivalent frequencies in five hybrids were 6.71, 7.73, 8.10, 9.94, and 13.00, suggesting that the number of bivalents was generally equal to the number of chromosomes in excess of the expected chromosome number of 2n = 28. These five plants were partial or incomplete amphiploids and their origin was attributed to duplication of a portion of the wheat complement after fertilization.Key words: partial amphiploids, hybrids (intergeneric), Triticum, Secale, chromosome pairing.

Nonhomologous Chromosome Pairing in Aegilops-Secale Hybrids

2015 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yarui Su ◽  
Dale Zhang ◽  
Yuge Li ◽  
Suoping Li
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Chromosome Homology ◽  
R And D ◽  
Young Embryo ◽  
Nonhomologous Chromosome

Intergeneric hybrids and amphidiploid hybrids from crosses of Aegilopstauschii and Secale cereale were produced using young embryo rescue. The hybrids showed complete sets of both parental chromosomes. The dihaploid plants showed an average meiotic pairing configuration of 10.84 I + 1.57 II + 0.01 III. Genomic in situ staining revealed 3 types of bivalent associations, i.e. D-D, R-R and D-R at frequencies of 8.6, 8.2 and 83.3%, respectively. Trivalents consisted of D-R-D or R-D-R associations. These results suggested that both intra- and intergenomic chromosome homology were contributed to chromosome pairing. Derived amphidiploids with 2n = 28 paired at metaphase I of meiosis as 4.51 I + 11.70 II + 0.03 III. Chromosome pairing of amphidiploids appeared more or less regular, i.e. bivalent-like with some trivalent configurations.

Intergeneric hybrids between × Triticosecale cv. Welsh (2n = 42) and three genotypes of Agropyron intermedium (2n = 42)

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Gupta ◽  
G. Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Mother Cell ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Mother Cell ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Agropyron Intermedium ◽  
Genome Homology ◽  
Paternal Parent

Three genotypes of Agropyron intermedium ssp. trichophorum (2n = 42) were crossed onto × Triticosecale cv. Welsh (2n = 42). Bivalent frequencies per pollen mother cell in the three hybrid combinations were 4.97, 5.64, and 6.94. Pairing was attributed to autosyndesis between two genomes (N and N1) of the paternal parent rather than to genome homology between the two parents.Key words: triticale, hybrids (intergeneric), chromosome pairing, × Triticosecale, agronomy.

Cytogenetics of Elymus caucasicus and Elymus longearistatus (Poaceae: Triticeae)

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 860-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin B. Jensen ◽  
Richard R.-C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Cytological Analysis ◽  
Meiotic Behavior ◽  
Pseudoroegneria Spicata ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Elymus Lanceolatus

Two accessions of Elymus caucasicus (Koch) Tzvelev and three accessions of Elymus longearistatus (Boiss.) Tzvelev were studied to determine the meiotic behavior and chromosome pairing in the two taxa, their interspecific hybrid, and their hybrids with various "analyzer" parents. Interspecific and intergeneric hybrids of the target taxa were obtained with the following analyzer species: Pseudoroegneria spicata (Pursh) A. Löve (2n = 14, SS), Pseudoroegneria libanotica (Hackel) D. R. Dewey (2n = 14, SS), Hordeum violaceum Boiss. &Hohenacker (2n = 14, HH) (= Critesion violaceum (Boiss. &Hohenacker) A. Löve), Elymus lanceolatus (Scribn. &Smith) Gould (2n = 28, SSHH), Elymus abolinii (Drob.) Tzvelev (2n = 28, SSYY), Elymus pendulinus (Nevski) Tzvelev (2n = 28, SSYY), Elymus fedtschenkoi Tzvelev (2n = 28, SSYY), Elymus panormitanus (Parl.) Tzvelev (2n = 28, SSYY), and Elymus drobovii (Nevski) Tzvelev (2n = 42, SSHHYY). Cytological analysis of their F1 hybrids showed that E. caucasicus and E. longearistatus were allotetraploids comprising the same basic genomes. Chromosome pairing in the E. caucasicus × P. libanotica hybrid demonstrated that the target taxa contained the S genome, based on 6.1 bivalents per cell. The lack of chromosome pairing, less than one bivalent per cell, in the E. longearistatus × H. violaceum hybrid showed that the H genome was absent. Increased pairing in the tetraploid and pentaploid hybrids when the Y genome was introduced indicated that the second genome in the two taxa was a segmental homolog of the Y genome. The S and Y genomes in E. caucasicus and E. longearistatus have diverged from each other and from those in many of the eastern and central Asian SY tetraploids.Key words: genome, meiosis, chromosome pairing, morphology, hybrid, Triticeae.

Suppression of homologous pairing between chromosomes of A and B genomes of 4x and 6x wheats by Hordeum californicum Covas and Stebbins

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
H. S. Balyan ◽  
G. Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Mother Cell ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Homologous Pairing ◽  
Meiotic Analysis ◽  
Hybrid Plants

Three hybrids of Triticum turgidum cv. Ma with Hordeum californicum × T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring amphiploid were obtained at a frequency of 1.6% of the pollinated florets. Meiotic analysis of the hybrid plants revealed an average chiasma frequency per pollen mother cell ranging from 15.27 to 17.60. The lower than expected chromosome pairing in the hybrid plants was attributed to the suppression of pairing between homologous wheat chromosomes by pairing regulatory gene(s) in H. californicum.Key words: intergeneric hybrids, Hordeum californicum, Triticum turgidum, meiosis, chromosome pairing.

The Ph1 Locus from Wheat Controls Meiotic Chromosome Pairing in Autotetraploid Rye (Secale cereale L.)

2010 ◽  
Vol 129 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Lukaszewski ◽  
D. Kopecký
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome Pairing

Genetic control of meiosis in rice, Oryza sativa L. IV. Cytogenetical analyses of asynaptic mutants

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunio Kitada ◽  
Takeshi Omura
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
The Other ◽  
Normal Plant ◽  
Meiotic Stage ◽  
The Mean

One complete asynaptic mutant, MM-19, and two partial ones, MM-4 and MM-16, of Oryza sativa L. induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) were cytogenetically investigated. No chromosome pairing occurred from zygotene to pachytene and 24 univalents appeared at diakinesis and metaphase 1 in MM-19. On the other hand, a partial lack of chromosome pairing was observed from zygotene to pachytene and various numbers of univalents occurred at metaphase I in MM-4 and MM-16. The mean chiasma frequency per bivalent as well as per cell decreased to different extents in MM-4 and MM-16, and the correlation between both the amount of chromosome pairing from zygotene to pachytene and the chiasma frequency per cell at diakinesis was recognized. Judging from the development of anthers in each meiotic stage, the duration of the stage forming the synizetic knot, at which chromosome pairing took place, was longer in MM-4 and MM-16 than in the normal plant, and was in MM-19 almost as long as in the normal plant. The results of gene analyses indicate that each of the three asynaptic mutants is controlled by a recessive gene and that, at least for MM-4 and MM-16, these genes are located at different loci.Key words: asynaptic, rice, Oryza, chiasma frequency, synizesis.

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