The version of microevolutionary relationships between biotypes close to Elymus caninus (Poaceae) according to the sequencing of the nuclear gene GBSS1 (waxy)

A comparative study of the sequences of the GBSS1 gene fragment in accessions of species close to Elymus caninus:E. prokudinii, E. viridiglumis, E. goloskokovii, as well as a number of morphologically deviating forms (MDF) from the territoryof Russia and Kazakhstan was carried out. The StH-genomic constitution was established or confirmed in all studied taxa andMDF, and the microevolutionary relationships between species were assessed by constructing separate NJ dendrograms based onexons and introns together and exons only. Differences in the location of Y subgenomes in reference StY-genomic species on twotypes of constructed dendrograms were noted. Possible evolutionary reasons for these differences are discussed. A characteristicfeature of all taxa close to E. caninus is the presence of only St2clones of the St subgenome, which are closer in composition tothe North American ancestral line Pseudoroegneria spicata than to the Asiatic line ascending to P. strigosa. The reference Polishaccession E. caninus can_5274 is farthest from the Asian accessions in the St2subgenome, but closer to the diploid carrier ofthe St genome P. spicata. According to the levels of differentiation of the H subgenome, all putative relatives of E. caninus havevariants of the H1subgenome around the Asian diploid host Hordeum jubatum, while being divided into two distinct subgroups.Only the accessions of four reference species gravitate towards the North American species Hordeum californicum – the carrierof the H2gene variant. It should be noted that the gene variants of the Ural endemic E. uralensis are close to the main group ofE. caninus accessions in both subgenomes. Together with the results of sexual hybridization, this fact gives grounds to considerE. uralensis as closely related to the main group of taxa deserving the intraspecific rank of E. caninus s. l.

Néhány kiegészítés a Jászság flórájához

Magyarország Flóratérképezési Programja során 2012-ben 9 kvadrát felmérését vé­geztem el a Jászságban. Az adatgyűjtést 2020-ban kiegészítettem. Cikkemben az érdekesebb, regionáli­san fontos florisztikai adatokat közlöm 68 edényes növényfajra vonatkozóan. Közöttük vannak idegen­honos taxonok (pl. Alopecurus myosuroides, Amaranthus deflexus, Juncus tenuis, Phytolacca esculenta) országosan (Silene bupleuroides), vagy regionálisan ritka fajok (pl. Coronopus squamatus, Linaria biebersteinii), a térség egykori erdeinek túlélői (pl. Clematis recta, Elymus caninus, Melica altissima, Sisymbrium strictissimum) és ritka gyomok (pl. Aegilops cylindrica, Bupleurum affine, Myagrum perfolia­tum). Bemutatok egy szikes fajokban gazdag műút menti padkát is (Artemisia santonicum, Chenopodium chenopo­dioides, Hordeum hystrix, Plantago maritima).

Rust fungus Puccinia recondita in Zailiysky Alatau (Kazakhstan)

38 samples of Puccinia recondita were collected on the territory of Zailiysky Alatau, 22 samples werefound on intermediate host-plant, where spermagonia and aecia are developed, and 16 samples were found on the mainhost, where uredinia and telia are formed. Puccinia recondita is mostly observed on the leaves and petioles of Atragenesibirica and Aconitum leucostomum in the form of aecia and on the leaves and sheaths of Elymus caninus in the form ofuredinia and telia. In the intermediate host-plant, the number of Puccinia recondita samples is steadily increasing from1198 m to 2240 m a. s. l., on the main host, there are two sample occurrence’s maxima: at an altitude of 1153–1400 m(steppe) and at an altitude of 1700–2288 m a. s. l. (dark coniferous forests and meadows). Most often, Puccinia reconditais found on the territory of the Zhetyzhol ridge, and in the Turgen, Prokhodnoye, and Big Almaty gorges.

Assessment of the variability of Elymus caninus (Poaceae) and closely related taxa from Russia and Kazakhstan using ISSR markers

A comparative study of taxa that are morphologically close to Elymus caninus, occurring in the territory of Russia and Kazakhstan, was carried out based on the ISSR molecular fingerprints. Data showed that the studied taxa are groups of individuals phylogenetically closely related to E. caninus. The assumption is confirmed that E. viridiglumis, as an Elymus species, has a polyphyletic origin as a part of microevolutionary processes in populations E. caninus s. l., possibly involving E. mutabilis. For the Caucasian endemic E. prokudinii and Kazakhstan endemic E. goloskokovii, the origin as result of introgression or spontaneous mutagenesis, i.e. a manifestation of the natural intraspecific polymorphism of E. caninus, is also assumed.

Comments on the variation of spike morphology in selected species of Elytrigia and Elymus (Triticeae)

The structure of spikes of <i>Elytrigia repens</i>, <i>E. intermedia</i> and <i>Elymus caninus</i> was investigated. The number of spikelets per spike reveals the weakest correlations with other characters of the spike. The same concerns some character ratios. The correlations provide information about the segmented structure (metamers) of the spike. There is a great difference between matrices of correlation coefficients for <i>E. repens</i> and <i>E. intermedia</i> related to the development and structure of spike. Characters important for the description of the spike were chosen - in five-character set these are among others: length of glume awn in median spikelet, length of lemma awn in the first floret of the median spikelet, number of spikelets per spike. Length of lemma awn and mean length of the rachis segment were recognized as the best discriminants for species. Ordination of forms along axes of canonical variates does not indicate the subunits within <i>E. repens</i>. Intermediate forms between <i>E. repens</i> and <i>Elymus caninus</i> have not been found. Between <i>E. repens</i> and <i>E. intermedia</i> there exists some proximity. Heteromorphic individuals were described by means of cluster analysis. They prove the mobility of the genome in ramets of a single genet.

Introgression between Elymus caninus and E. fibrosus as revealed by morphology and one-dimensional SDS-electrophoresis

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