Intergeneric hybrids between Hordeum vulgare and Elymus trachycaulus resistant to Russian wheat aphid

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 954-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taing Aung
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Russian Wheat Aphid ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Elymus Trachycaulus ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Slender Wheatgrass

Intergeneric hybrids between cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (2n = 2x = 14) and slender wheatgrass (Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners), PI 531691 (2n = 4x = 28), were produced. This slender wheatgrass accession carries resistance to Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia Mordvilko, and was used as pollen parent. The seven hybrid plants were also resistant to Russian wheat aphid. The hybrids were produced at a frequency of 0.21% of emasculated and hand-pollinated florets. Chromosome pairing in all the euploid hybrids was very low (average chiasma frequency per cell, 0.30). This indicates that the I genome from H. vulgare is remotely related to the SH genomes of E. trachycaulus. Expression of resistance to Russian wheat aphid in all the hybrid plants demonstrates that the nuclear gene or genes for insect resistance contributed by E. trachycaulus are either dominant or hemizygous effective. Five of the seven hybrid plants were vigorous and produced well-developed flowering spikes; however, they did not shed viable pollen. Since all the vegetatively cloned plants of these hybrids exhibited a high degree of perennial characteristics and could be induced to flower under a favourable light and temperature regime, they appear congenial for chromosome doubling and backcrossing. Preliminary observations suggest that successful backcrossing could be achieved using the F1 hybrids as pistillate parent and H. vulgare as pollen parent.Key words: Russian wheat aphid resistance, intergeneric hybrids, genomic relationship, chromosome pairing, Hordeum vulgare, Elymus trachycaulus.

Intergeneric hybrids of Hordeum vulgare with Agropyron caninum and A. dasystachyum

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Spindle Fibre ◽  
Chromosome Behavior ◽  
Paternal Parent ◽  
Agropyron Caninum

Hybrids were obtained by pollinating Hordeum vulgare cv. Betzes with Agropyron caninum (4x) and A. dasystachyum (4x) at frequencies of 1.4 and 6.1% of pollinated florets, respectively. The hybrids were sterile and phenotypically resembled the paternal parent, except for floret structure which was intermediate between the parental types. Chromosome pairing at meiosis was very low and thus provided no indication of homoeology between parental genomes. Abnormal meiotic chromosome behavior in meiocytes that occurred in sectors on the 'Betzes' × A. dasystachyum hybrid was attributed to abnormal spindle fibre function.Key words: intergeneric hybrids, Hordeum vulgare, Agropyron caninum, Agropyron dasystachyum.

scholarly journals VARIATION AMONG PERENNIAL RYEGRASS x TALL FESCUE PLANTS FROM TISSUE CULTURE

1988 ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
A.G. Scott ◽  
D.W.R. White
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Chromosome Elimination ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Spontaneous Chromosome

Tissue culture was used in an attempt to obtain a fertile perennial ryegrass x tall fescue hybrid. Regenerated hybrid plants were found to be morphologically variable and contain extensive chromosome rearrangements. Spontaneous chromosome doubling had occurred as well as chromosome elimination. though no fertile hybrid plants have been obtained to date. Keywords: somaclonal variation, Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea, intergeneric hybrids

scholarly journals Nuclear fusion leads to chromosome doubling during mannitol pretreatment of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) microspores

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (359) ◽  
pp. 1227-1238
Author(s):  
K.J. Kasha ◽  
T.C. Hu ◽  
R. Oro ◽  
E. Simion ◽  
Y.S. Shim
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Nuclear Fusion ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

Suppression of homologous pairing between chromosomes of A and B genomes of 4x and 6x wheats by Hordeum californicum Covas and Stebbins

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
H. S. Balyan ◽  
G. Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Mother Cell ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Homologous Pairing ◽  
Meiotic Analysis ◽  
Hybrid Plants

Three hybrids of Triticum turgidum cv. Ma with Hordeum californicum × T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring amphiploid were obtained at a frequency of 1.6% of the pollinated florets. Meiotic analysis of the hybrid plants revealed an average chiasma frequency per pollen mother cell ranging from 15.27 to 17.60. The lower than expected chromosome pairing in the hybrid plants was attributed to the suppression of pairing between homologous wheat chromosomes by pairing regulatory gene(s) in H. californicum.Key words: intergeneric hybrids, Hordeum californicum, Triticum turgidum, meiosis, chromosome pairing.

scholarly journals Nuclear fusion leads to chromosome doubling during mannitol pretreatment of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) microspores

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (359) ◽  
pp. 1227-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J. Kasha ◽  
T.C. Hu ◽  
R. Oro ◽  
E. Simion ◽  
Y.S. Shim
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Nuclear Fusion ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

scholarly journals Behavior of intergeneric hybrids between Hordeum vulgare L. (4x) and an Elymus mollis type.

CYTOLOGIA ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Schooler ◽  
M. K. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

CYTOGENETICS OF A BARLEY × RYE HYBRID

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Somatic Chromosome ◽  
Pollen Parent ◽  
Somatic Chromosome Number ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Secale Cereale L

A viable hybrid with a somatic chromosome number of 14 was obtained by crossing Hordeum vulgare L. with Secale cereale L. Chromosome pairing in the hybrid was very low with an average chiasma frequency of 0.22. Phenotypically the hybrid resembled rye, the pollen parent, but the nucleolar characteristics were similar to barley.

scholarly journals Molecular marker analysis of hypoploid regenerants from cultures of barley × Canada wild rye

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn S. Dahleen
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chromosome Breakage ◽  
Chromosome Elimination ◽  
Barley Chromosome ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Elymus Canadensis ◽  
Molecular Marker Analysis

Canada wild rye (CWR, Elymus canadensis L., 2n = 4x = 28) is a potential source of genes for disease resistance and environmental tolerance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L., 2n = 2x = 14). Tissue cultures were initiated from immature inflorescences of CWR × 'Betzes' barley hybrids to promote CWR introgression into barley through possible tissue culture induced chromosome breakage and exchange. Among the plants regenerated, some were missing one (2n = 20) or part of one (2n = 20 + telo) chromosome. The objective of this study was to identify the missing chromosome or chromosome arm in these regenerants through the analysis of molecular (RFLP) markers that previously had been mapped in barley. Forty-six hypoploid regenerants that traced to 30 separate explants obtained from 10 interspecific hybrid plants were evaluated. DNA was digested with the restriction enzyme HindIII, Southern blotted, and probed with 39 genomic and cDNA barley clones that identified sequences polymorphic between barley and CWR. Eight of these probes identified band loss patterns that separated the regenerants into two groups. One group, all with barley cytoplasm, were missing a CWR chromosome homoeologous to barley chromosome 3; a second group, all with CWR cytoplasm, were missing a CWR chromosome homoelogous to barley chromosome 7. These results indicated that chromosome elimination in culture was not random. The two cytoplasm groups were further differentiated by probes that identified band shifts. These band shifts were caused by differences in DNA methylation. Key words : Hordeum vulgare, aneuploidy, Elymus canadensis, tissue culture.

Intergeneric hybrids between Triticum aestivum and three crested wheatgrasses: Agropyron mongolicum, A. michnoi, and A. desertorum

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 663-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Chen ◽  
Joseph Jahier ◽  
Yvonne Cauderon
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Meiotic Chromosome ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Species Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Necrosis ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
High Degree ◽  
First Time

Three hybridizations of Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring (CS) (2n = 42) with Agropyron mongolicum (2n = 14), A. michnoi (2n = 28), and A. desertorum (2n = 28) are reported for the first time. Hybrid embryos were obtained at frequencies of 0.24, 1.13, and 2.05%, respectively. The hybrid plants obtained from pollinating CS by A. mongolicum had the expected chromosome number of 2n = 4x = 28, but as a result of hybrid necrosis, none could be raised to the adult stage. Hybrids CS × A. michnoi and CS × A. desertorum both had 2n = 5x = 35 chromosomes. The average meiotic chromosome pairing per cell was 7.04 I + 12.14 II + 1.06 III + 0.07 IV + 0.02 V + 0.02 VI and 9.29 I + 11.05 II + 1.14 III + 0.05 IV, respectively. Their analysis leads to the conclusions that (i) the two Agropyron genomes in the hybrids share a high degree of homology, thus revealing that tetraploid Agropyron species are true autoploids (genome constitution PPPP) and (ii) gene(s) in the Agropyron species suppress the activity of the homoeologous pairing control system of wheat. The possibility of gene transfer from Agropyron to wheat is discussed.Key words: intergeneric hybrids, Triticum aestivum, Agropyron species, hybrid necrosis, chromosome pairing.

Morphology and cytology of the reciprocal hybrids between Elymus trachycaulus and Elymus canadensis

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taing Aung ◽  
P. D. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Maternal Influence ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Elymus Trachycaulus ◽  
Reciprocal Hybrids ◽  
Pistillate Parent ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Elymus Canadensis

Reciprocal hybrids between Elymus trachycaulus (2n = 4x = 28) and Elymus canadensis (2n = 4x = 28) were generated through emasculation and hand-pollination. All the F1 hybrid plants were tetraploids (2n = 28). The F1 hybrids were readily produced (9 plants from 150 pollinated florets; 6% success) in crosses where E. canadensis was used as the pistillate parent and the hybrid plants were produced directly from the apparently normal hybrid seeds. The percentage of hybrid plants produced was lower (7 plants from 400 pollinated florets; 1.7% success) in crosses where E. trachycaulus was used as the pistillate parent, and embryo culture procedures were necessary to recover plants from the shriveled seeds produced. Distinct morphological as well as cytological differences between the reciprocal hybrids were observed. All the F1 plants from each reciprocal cross more closely resembled their pistillate parent, indicating a strong maternal influence. Chromosome pairing at metaphase I showed a very high frequency of cells with a hexavalent configuration (69–81%) and a low frequency of cells with univalents (15–23%) in hybrids produced from crosses with E. canadensis as the pistillate parent. In all hybrids produced from crosses with E. trachycaulus as the pistillate parent, chromosome pairing showed a relatively low frequency of cells with a hexavalent (12–22%), while the frequency of cells with univalents was high (78–81%). Cytology of these hybrids indicates substantial control by cytoplasmic genes on chromosome pairing behavior. Reciprocal hybridization betwen octaploid E. trachycaulus (8x) and tetraploid E. canadensis (4x) plants yielded three 2n = 42, one 2n = 41, and one 2n = 39 hybrid plants. All plants were weak and sterile and more closely resembled the octaploid parent, although some intermediate characters were apparent.Key words: Elymus, reciprocal hybrids, maternal influence, cytoplasmic genes, chromosome pairing.

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