scholarly journals Molecular marker analysis of hypoploid regenerants from cultures of barley × Canada wild rye

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn S. Dahleen
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chromosome Breakage ◽  
Chromosome Elimination ◽  
Barley Chromosome ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Elymus Canadensis ◽  
Molecular Marker Analysis

Canada wild rye (CWR, Elymus canadensis L., 2n = 4x = 28) is a potential source of genes for disease resistance and environmental tolerance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L., 2n = 2x = 14). Tissue cultures were initiated from immature inflorescences of CWR × 'Betzes' barley hybrids to promote CWR introgression into barley through possible tissue culture induced chromosome breakage and exchange. Among the plants regenerated, some were missing one (2n = 20) or part of one (2n = 20 + telo) chromosome. The objective of this study was to identify the missing chromosome or chromosome arm in these regenerants through the analysis of molecular (RFLP) markers that previously had been mapped in barley. Forty-six hypoploid regenerants that traced to 30 separate explants obtained from 10 interspecific hybrid plants were evaluated. DNA was digested with the restriction enzyme HindIII, Southern blotted, and probed with 39 genomic and cDNA barley clones that identified sequences polymorphic between barley and CWR. Eight of these probes identified band loss patterns that separated the regenerants into two groups. One group, all with barley cytoplasm, were missing a CWR chromosome homoeologous to barley chromosome 3; a second group, all with CWR cytoplasm, were missing a CWR chromosome homoelogous to barley chromosome 7. These results indicated that chromosome elimination in culture was not random. The two cytoplasm groups were further differentiated by probes that identified band shifts. These band shifts were caused by differences in DNA methylation. Key words : Hordeum vulgare, aneuploidy, Elymus canadensis, tissue culture.

scholarly journals VARIATION AMONG PERENNIAL RYEGRASS x TALL FESCUE PLANTS FROM TISSUE CULTURE

1988 ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
A.G. Scott ◽  
D.W.R. White
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Chromosome Elimination ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Spontaneous Chromosome

Tissue culture was used in an attempt to obtain a fertile perennial ryegrass x tall fescue hybrid. Regenerated hybrid plants were found to be morphologically variable and contain extensive chromosome rearrangements. Spontaneous chromosome doubling had occurred as well as chromosome elimination. though no fertile hybrid plants have been obtained to date. Keywords: somaclonal variation, Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea, intergeneric hybrids

Field evaluation of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes derived from tissue culture

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 725-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. R. Baillie ◽  
K. K. Kartha ◽  
B. G. Rossnagel
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

Somaclonal variation has been observed in plants derived via tissue culture in a number of crops, but evaluation has been on a small scale. This study was conducted to evaluate 72 tissue culture-derived barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes for somaclonal variation in replicated small-plot field trials. Twenty putative somaclones from the cultivar Abee, 20 from Deuce, 15 from Duke and 17 from Heartland were evaluated at three Saskatchewan locations during 1989. Little variation was observed between regenerants and their respective parent cultivars for days to head, height, yield and yield components. When variation did occur it was generally of negative value, i.e., later heading date; lower test weight, 1000-kernel weight, percent plumpness and yield. Of the four groups, those from Deuce and Duke exhibited the most variation. A 5-d difference in heading date was observed for one Duke derivative and 18 of the 20 Deuce derivatives were shorter than the Deuce control. From this study, it was concluded that somaclonal variation would be of no benefit in a plant-breeding program.Key words: Barley, field evaluation, tissue culture, Hordeum vulgare L.

Characterization by RFLP analysis and genomic in situ hybridization of a recombinant and a monosomic substitution plant derived from Hordeum vulgare L. × Hordeum bulbosum L. crosses

Genome ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Pickering ◽  
A. M. Hill ◽  
R. G. Kynast
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Barley Chromosome ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Hordeum Bulbosum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

Interspecific crosses in Hordeum have been made with the aim of transferring desirable traits, such as disease resistance, from a wild species, Hordeum bulbosum, into cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare). Interspecific recombinants have previously been identified using several methods, but there are limitations with all the techniques. We improved our ability to characterize progeny from H. vulgare × H. bulbosum crosses by using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). The plant material comprised a recombinant and a monosomic alien substitution plant derived from H. vulgare × H. bulbosum crosses. The recombinant possesses a pubescent leaf sheath conferred by a gene transferred from H. bulbosum into barley cultivar Golden Promise. The use of GISH on a plant homozygous for the pubescence gene confirmed the presence of H. bulbosum DNA located distally on two barley chromosomes and we mapped the introgression to barley chromosome 4HL using RFLP analysis. Furthermore, by means of an allelism test we found that the transferred gene for pubescence is allelic or closely linked to a gene for pubescence (Hs) located on barley chromosome 4HL. The presence of a single H. bulbosum chromosome in the monosomic substitution plant was confirmed by GISH. A distal introgression of H. bulbosum DNA was also observed on one barley chromosome, which was located on chromosome 3HL by RFLP analysis.Key words: Hordeum vulgare, Hordeum bulbosum, interspecific hybrid, gene introgression, genomic in situ hybridization.

In Vitro Influences of TiO2 Nanoparticles on Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Tissue Culture

2012 ◽  
Vol 150 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 376-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahnaz Mandeh ◽  
Mansoor Omidi ◽  
Mahdi Rahaie
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

Intergeneric hybrids between Hordeum vulgare and Elymus trachycaulus resistant to Russian wheat aphid

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 954-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taing Aung
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Russian Wheat Aphid ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Elymus Trachycaulus ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
Slender Wheatgrass

Intergeneric hybrids between cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (2n = 2x = 14) and slender wheatgrass (Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners), PI 531691 (2n = 4x = 28), were produced. This slender wheatgrass accession carries resistance to Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia Mordvilko, and was used as pollen parent. The seven hybrid plants were also resistant to Russian wheat aphid. The hybrids were produced at a frequency of 0.21% of emasculated and hand-pollinated florets. Chromosome pairing in all the euploid hybrids was very low (average chiasma frequency per cell, 0.30). This indicates that the I genome from H. vulgare is remotely related to the SH genomes of E. trachycaulus. Expression of resistance to Russian wheat aphid in all the hybrid plants demonstrates that the nuclear gene or genes for insect resistance contributed by E. trachycaulus are either dominant or hemizygous effective. Five of the seven hybrid plants were vigorous and produced well-developed flowering spikes; however, they did not shed viable pollen. Since all the vegetatively cloned plants of these hybrids exhibited a high degree of perennial characteristics and could be induced to flower under a favourable light and temperature regime, they appear congenial for chromosome doubling and backcrossing. Preliminary observations suggest that successful backcrossing could be achieved using the F1 hybrids as pistillate parent and H. vulgare as pollen parent.Key words: Russian wheat aphid resistance, intergeneric hybrids, genomic relationship, chromosome pairing, Hordeum vulgare, Elymus trachycaulus.

Chromosome elimination in different meristematic regions of hybrids between Hordeum vulgare L. and H. bulbosum L..

1981 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko NODA ◽  
K. J. KASHA
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chromosome Elimination ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

RFLP mapping of a gene for hairy leaf sheath using a recombinant line from Hordeum vulgare L. ×Hordeum bulbosum L. cross

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 960-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Korzun ◽  
S Malyshev ◽  
R A Pickering ◽  
A Börner
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Break Point ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Hordeum Bulbosum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Recombinant Line ◽  
Recombination Break Point

A gene conditioning hairy leaf sheath character, which was derived from Hordeum bulbosum and designated Hsb, was mapped using a cross between Hordeum vulgare and a H. vulgare/H. bulbosum recombinant line. The Hsb locus was tagged relative to eight RFLP markers detecting three loci on the distal part of chromosome 4HL. The map position suggests that Hsb of H. bulbosum is homoeologous to the gene Hp1 of rye (Secale cereale), which pleiotropically governs the traits hairy leaf sheath and hairy peduncle. It is proposed that the recombination break point between H. vulgare and H. bulbosum chromosomes occured at a position homoeologous compared with the 4L/5L translocation in Triticeae genomes, and may reflect a hot spot for chromosome breakage.Key words: Hordeum vulgare, Hordeum bulbosum, comparative mapping, hairy leaf sheath, RFLP.

Identification of QTLs controlling tissue-culture traits in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2002 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 708-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Mano ◽  
T. Komatsuda
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L
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