Assessment of genome organization among diploid species (2n = 2x = 14) belonging to primary and tertiary gene pools of pearl millet using fluorescent in situ hybridization with rDNA probes

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Martel ◽  
A. Ricroch ◽  
A. Sarr
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Chromosome Pair ◽  
Genomic Organization ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Interphase Cell ◽  
Primary Gene Pool ◽  
Primary Gene

Two contrasting forms of Pennisetum belonging to the primary and tertiary gene pools were assessed for genomic organization using in situ hybridization with rDNA probes (18S–5.8S–25S and 5S) on metaphase and interphase cell nuclei. The primary gene pool is represented by diploid (2n = 2x = 14) cultivated pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and its close wild relatives (Pennisetum violaceum and Pennisetum mollissimum). Pennisetum schweinfurthii (2n = 2x = 14) was taken as representative of the tertiary gene pool, owing to its diploid status and its similarity to the accessions of the primary gene pool in chromosome number. Using the 18S–5.8S–25S probe, we observed two sites of distribution in the four species but at different locations. Within the primary gene pool, signals were detected on the telomeric part of the short arm of chromosome pair VI and at the nucleolar organizing region (NOR) of the satellited chromosome pair (VII). Signals were observed at the NOR of the two satellited chromosome pairs (I and IV) of P. schweinfurthii. The 5S probe was detected at the telomeric part of the short arm of metacentric chromosome pair IV of the three species of the primary gene pool, while it occured in an intercalary position on the short arm of chromosome pair II of P. schweinfurthii. These results showed a chromosomal similarity of rDNA sequence locations within the primary gene pool and are in agreement with the high genetic identity between wild and cultivated forms of pearl millet previously revealed by allozyme studies. Implications of genomic organization for genetic resource enhancement are discussed. Key words : Pennisetum, in situ hybridization, rDNA probes, genomic organization.

Synthetic Hexaploids: Harnessing Species of the Primary Gene Pool for Wheat Improvement

2013 ◽  
pp. 35-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis C. Ogbonnaya ◽  
Osman Abdalla ◽  
Abdul Mujeeb-Kazi ◽  
Alvina G. Kazi ◽  
Steven S. Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Pool ◽  
Wheat Improvement ◽  
Primary Gene Pool ◽  
Synthetic Hexaploids ◽  
Primary Gene

scholarly journals Detection of 11q13 rearrangements in hematologic neoplasias by double- color fluorescence in situ hybridization

Blood ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 1512-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
LJ Coignet ◽  
E Schuuring ◽  
RE Kibbelaar ◽  
TK Raap ◽  
KK Kleiverda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Interphase Cell ◽  
Interphase Cells ◽  
Chromosomal Breaks

Rearrangements within the chromosome 11q13 region are frequent in hematologic malignancies. 50% of 75% of mantle cell lymphomas (MCLs) carry a translocation t(11;14) (q13;q32). Using Southern blot analysis, a BCL1 breakpoint can be detected in approximately 50% of MCLs. It is not known whether other MCLs harbor also breakpoints at 11q13. Breakpoints in this region not involved in t(11;14), are detected in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia. To detect and localize breakpoints at 11q13 more accurately, we have developed fluorescence in situ hybridization using two probe sets of differently labeled cosmids, symmetrically localized at either side of the major translocation cluster of BCL1. These probes span a region of 450 to 750 kb. We applied this assay to a series of hematologic malignancies with 11q13 abnormalities identified by classical cytogenetics. All four samples with a t(11;14) (q13;q32) showed dissociation of the differently colored signals in metaphase and interphase cells, thereby indicating a chromosomal break in the region defined by the probe sets. The frequency of abnormal metaphase and interphase cells was comparable with that observed in any of the 13 malignancies with other chromosomal 11q13 abnormalities, indicating that these chromosomal breaks occurred outside the 450- to 750-kb region covered by the probes. One patient showed triplication and one patient showed monoallelic loss of this region. The current data show that double-color fluorescence in situ hybridization is a simple and reliable method for detection of the t(11;14)(q13;q32) in interphase cell nuclei and that is can be used to distinguish this translocation from other 11q13 rearrangements in hematologic malignancies.

scholarly journals Diversification of primary gene pool through introgression of resistance to foliar diseases from synthetic amphidiploids to cultivated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 110-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varsha Kumari ◽  
M.V.C. Gowda ◽  
Vinod Tasiwal ◽  
Manish K. Pandey ◽  
Ramesh S. Bhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Foliar Diseases ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Primary Gene Pool ◽  
Primary Gene

Physical localization of active and inactive rRNA gene loci in Hordeum marinum spp. gussoneanum (4x) by in situ hybridization

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1032-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ib Linde-Laursen ◽  
Elly Ibsen ◽  
Roland Von Bothmer ◽  
Henriette Giese
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Silver Staining ◽  
Chromosome Pair ◽  
Extra Chromosome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Morphological Similarity ◽  
Identical Position ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
Two Populations

Two populations of the diploid and 10 populations of the tetraploid cytotype of Hordeum marinum ssp. gussoneanum were studied for the presence of chromosomal segments harbouring rDNA. Conventional cytological methods established the presence of only one satellited (SAT) chromosome pair in both cytotypes. This was supported by silver staining revealing two NORs and two standard-sized nucleoli. Two additional micronucleoli were observed in a few interphases of two tetraploid populations indicating the presence of an extra chromosome pair with very low nucleolus-forming activity. In situ hybridization with the wheat rDNA probe pTA71 identified intense signals at the nucleolar constrictions of the SAT chromosomes of both cytotypes and weaker signals in a chromosome pair of the tetraploid cytotype, morphologically similar to the SAT chromosomes but without visible nucleolar constrictions. This confirms the presence of rDNA in two chromosome pairs in the tetraploid cytotype. The morphological similarity between these two pairs and the SAT-chromosome pair of the diploid cytotype as well as an identical position of the signals in all three pairs give additional support to an autoploid origin of the tetraploid cytotype. The rDNA at the nucleolar constrictions consisted of two segments of condensed rDNA of different sizes connected by diffuse rDNA. The rDNA of the chromosome pair without nucleolar constrictions was condensed supporting that this conformation is connected with inactivity. The tripartite structure of the rDNA at the nucleolar constrictions corresponds to similar tripartite structures observed after silver staining and Giemsa C-banding.Key words: in situ hybridization, rDNA location, Hordeum marinum, autoploidy, inactive NORs.

Characterization of Thinopyrum distichum chromosomes using double fluorescence in situ hybridization, RFLP analysis of 5S and 26S rRNA, and C-banding of parents and addition lines

Genome ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Fominaya ◽  
S. Molnar ◽  
G. Fedak ◽  
K. C. Armstrong ◽  
N.-S. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Chromosome Pair ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
5S Rrna ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
C Banding ◽  
26S Rrna

Diagnostic markers for eight Thinopyrum distichum addition chromosomes in Triticum turgidum were established using C-banding, in situ hybridization, and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. The C-band karyotype conclusively identified individual Th. distichum chromosomes and distinguished them from chromosomes of T. turgidum. Also, TaqI and BamHI restriction fragments containing 5S and 18S–5.8S–26S rRNA sequences were identified as positive markers specific to Th. distichum chromosomes. Simultaneous fluorescence in situ hybridization showed both 5S and 18S–5.8S–26S ribosomal RNA genes to be located on chromosome IV. Thinopyrum distichum chromosome VII carried only a 18S–5.8S–26S rRNA locus and chromosome pair II carried only a 5S rRNA locus. The arrangement of these loci on Th. distichum chromosome IV was different from that on wheat chromosome pair 1B. Two other unidentified Th. distichum chromosome pairs also carried 5S rRNA loci. The homoeologous relationship between Th. distichum chromosomes IV and VII and chromosomes of other members of the Triticeae was discussed by comparing results obtained using these physical and molecular markers.Key words: Triticum turgidum, homoeologous relationship, Triticeae, addition lines, NOR.

Organization of a cloned repetitive DNA fragment in mosquito genomes (Diptera: Culicidae)

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 998-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kumar ◽  
K. S. Rai
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Mitotic Chromosome ◽  
Genomic Organization ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Dot Blot Hybridization ◽  
Dna Organization ◽  
Dna Fragment

The structure and genomic organization of a cloned 5.2-kb repetitive DNA fragment, H-85, isolated from the Aedes albopictus genome have been examined. In situ hybridization of the 3H-labeled H-85 DNA to the meiotic and mitotic chromosome preparations of Ae. albopictus shows that the sequences homologous to H-85 DNA are dispersed throughout the length of all three pairs of chromosomes. A similar pattern of in situ hybridization appears in Aedes seatoi, Aedes flavopictus, and Aedes aegypti. The study shows that the arrangement of sequences in the cloned 5.2-kb fragment is rare in the Ae. albopictus genome. Dot-blot hybridization reveals that the sequences homologous to H-85 DNA are present in 12 species of mosquitoes examined, belonging to six genera in subfamilies Culicinae ad Anophelinae. The H-85 sequences are also present in the genome of Mochlonyx velutinus of the nematocerous family Chaoboridae, earlier proposed as the ancestor of the mosquito family Culicidae. Although the sequences homologous to H-85 DNA are present in different species of mosquitoes, they have diverged in their structure and organization. The cloned 5.2-kb fragment is composed of elements of different and independently evolving repetitive DNA families.Key words: repetitive DNA, organization, mosquitoes.

Karyotype Evolution in Harvestmen of the Suborder Cyphophthalmi (Opiliones)

2016 ◽  
Vol 148 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Svojanovská ◽  
Petr Nguyen ◽  
Matyáš Hiřman ◽  
Ivan H. Tuf ◽  
Rodzay Abdul Wahab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Chromosome Pair ◽  
Karyotype Evolution ◽  
Rdna Locus ◽  
Ancestral Karyotype ◽  
Rdna Probe ◽  
Basal Group ◽  
Rna Genes

The morphologically uniform suborder Cyphophthalmi represents a basal group of harvestmen (Opiliones). As such, it plays an important role in the reconstruction of the karyotype evolution within this arachnid order. The cytogenetic analysis of 6 representatives of the suborder Cyphophthalmi, namely Miopsalis sp. (2n = 30; Stylocellidae), Austropurcellia arcticosa (Cantrell, 1980) (2n = 30; Pettalidae), Parapurcellia amatola de Bivort & Giribet, 2010 (2n = 32; Pettalidae), Paramiopsalis aff. ramulosus Juberthie, 1962 (2n = 28; Sironidae), Cyphophthalmus duricorius Joseph, 1868 (2n = 24; Sironidae), and Siro carpaticus Rafalski, 1956 (2n = 52; Sironidae) was performed. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with 18S rDNA probe was used to analyze the distribution of major ribosomal RNA genes in harvestmen. We confront the obtained cytogenetic data with current hypotheses on cyphophthalmid phylogeny to reconstruct their karyotype evolution. We conclude that the ancestral karyotype of harvestmen consisted of 2n = 30 elements with 1 chromosome pair bearing terminal rDNA clusters. The rDNA locus was multiplicated in the evolution of Cyphophthalmi. However, decreases as well as increases in the number of chromosomes have been detected in the karyotype evolution of Cyphophthalmi. Our data thus reveal unexpected diversity in cyphophthalmid karyotypes.

Phylogenomic analysis points to a South American origin of Manihot and illuminates the primary gene pool of cassava

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo F. Simon ◽  
J. Moises F Mendoza ◽  
Hsiao‐Lei Liu ◽  
Márcio Lacerda Lopes Martins ◽  
Sergei V. Drovetski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Pool ◽  
Phylogenomic Analysis ◽  
South American ◽  
Primary Gene Pool ◽  
South American Origin ◽  
Primary Gene

Multivariate analysis of recombination between wild and cultivated genomes within the primary gene pool of pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides)

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Robert ◽  
A. Sarr
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Genome Recombination ◽  
History Of ◽  
Morphological And Physiological Traits ◽  
Primary Gene Pool ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Primary Gene

Recombination between wild and cultivated genomes of pearl millet were studied by multivariate analysis on morphological and physiological traits in backcross progenies from four cultivated × wild crosses. The cultivated genotypes, Souna and Thiotandé, have evolved in sympatric and allopatric situations, respectively, with wild forms. The distinct evolutionary history of the cultivated genotypes seems to have an incidence on the segregation pattern of their progenies with the wild relatives. Segregation distortions favouring the recovery of "wild-like" phenotypes were observed in progenies with Thiotandé as the cultivated parent. They are probably a consequence of the genetic divergence between this genotype and wild forms already shown at different levels of observation (histological, physiological, and genetic). On the other hand, when Souna is the cultivated parent, the recovery of "cultivated-like" phenotypes was shown to be easier with Souna as the female. This could be due to preferential homogametic fertilization favouring "Souna-type" gametes on Souna pistils owing to intergametophytic competition through a pollen–pistil interaction, already evidenced on the genotypes used here.Key words: pearl millet, multivariate analysis, segregation distortion, wild/cultivated genome recombination, genetic resources.

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