Chromosome in situ hybridisation of ribosomal DNA in Erianthus sect. Ripidium species with varying chromosome numbers confirms x = 10 in Erianthus sect. Ripidium

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Besse ◽  
C L McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
Dna Probe ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridisation

A wheat ribosomal DNA probe was used to determine the number of rDNA-carrying chromosomes in 2 Erianthus sect. Ripidium species using FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridisation) and non-fluorescent ISH. Two and four ribosomal DNA sites were revealed in E. elephantinus (2n = 20) and E. procerus (2n = 40), respectively. This result, together with previously published data showing 6 rDNA-carrying chromosomes in E. arundinaceus (2n = 60), confirms a possible basic chromosome number of x = 10 in Erianthus sect. Ripidium.Key words: Erianthus, FISH, ISH, ribosomal DNA, Saccharum, sugarcane.

scholarly journals Variation in Ribosomal DNA in the Genus Trifolium (Fabaceae)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1771
Author(s):  
Radka Vozárová ◽  
Eliška Macková ◽  
David Vlk ◽  
Jana Řepková
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
Rdna Site ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
26S Rdna

The genus Trifolium L. is characterized by basic chromosome numbers 8, 7, 6, and 5. We conducted a genus-wide study of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) structure variability in diploids and polyploids to gain insight into evolutionary history. We used fluorescent in situ hybridization to newly investigate rDNA variation by number and position in 30 Trifolium species. Evolutionary history among species was examined using 85 available sequences of internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) of 35S rDNA. In diploid species with ancestral basic chromosome number (x = 8), one pair of 5S and 26S rDNA in separate or adjacent positions on a pair of chromosomes was prevalent. Genomes of species with reduced basic chromosome numbers were characterized by increased number of signals determined on one pair of chromosomes or all chromosomes. Increased number of signals was observed also in diploids Trifolium alpestre and Trifolium microcephalum and in polyploids. Sequence alignment revealed ITS1 sequences with mostly single nucleotide polymorphisms, and ITS1 diversity was greater in diploids with reduced basic chromosome numbers compared to diploids with ancestral basic chromosome number (x = 8) and polyploids. Our results suggest the presence of one 5S rDNA site and one 26S rDNA site as an ancestral state.

Chromosome studies on African plants. 9. Chromosome numbers in Ehrharta (Poaceae: Ehrharteae)

Bothalia ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Spies ◽  
E. J. L. Saayman ◽  
S. P. Voges ◽  
G. Davidse
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Ploidy Level ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
Cytogenetic Studies ◽  
African Plants ◽  
First Time

Cytogenetic studies of 53 specimens of 14 species of the genus  Ehrharta Thunb. confirmed a basic chromosome number of 12 for the genus. Chromosome numbers for 13 species are described for the first time. The highest ploidy level yet observed in the genus (2n = lOx = 120) is reported for E. villosa var.  villosa. B chromosomes were observed in several specimens of four different species.

Chromosome numbers in some species of Trifolium

1969 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 883 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
First Time

The chromosome numbers of 31 species of Trifolium are reported, 18 for the first time. A reduction in basic chromosome number has occurred only in the three most highly specialized subgenera, and polyploids occur mainly in one of the more primitive subgenera.

Determination of basic chromosome numbers in the genus Saccharum by physical mapping of ribosomal RNA genes

Genome ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélique D'Hont ◽  
David Ison ◽  
Karine Alix ◽  
Catherine Roux ◽  
Jean Christophe Glaszmann
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
Rdna Sites ◽  
Rna Genes

18S-5.6S-25S and 5S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sites were located by in situ hybridization to the three main species of the Saccharum genus. For each species and each rDNA family, the position and number of sites in the various cytotypes suggested the presence of one locus and basic chromosome numbers of 10 for Saccharum officinarum and Saccharum robustum and\i 8 forSaccharum spontaneum. The implications of these results for the genetic maps of modern cultivars derived from crosses between the species S. officinarum and S. spontaneum are discussed.Key words: sugarcane, Saccharum, 18S-5.6S-25S rRNA, 5S rRNA, basic chromosome number, in situ hybridization.

scholarly journals Fertility of Triploid Highbush Blueberry

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Vorsa ◽  
James R. Ballington
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
2N Gametes ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Pollen Stainability ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
2N Gamete

Eight highbush blueberry (V. corymbosum L.) triploids (2n = 3x = 36) were crossed with diploids (2n = 2x = 24), tetraploids (2n = 4x = 48), and hexaploids (2n = 6x = 72). No plants were recovered from 4021 3x × 2x crosses. One triploid was relatively fertile in 3x × 4x and 3x × 6x crosses, which is most likely attributable to 2n gamete production in the triploid. The lack of fertility of triploids, which do not produce 2n gametes, in crosses with diploids and tetraploids suggests that the production of gametes with numerically balanced (n = 12 or 24) chromosome numbers is extremely low. In addition, the inability to recover progeny from 3x × 2x crosses also suggests that aneuploid gametophytes and/or zygotes, including trisomics, are inviable in blueberry. Pollen stainability was also highly reduced in triploids. Frequency distributions of anaphase I pole chromosomal constitutions of three triploids were significantly different from one another. Two of the three distributions were shifted toward the basic chromosome number of 12, with one triploid having 25% poles with 12 chromosomes. However, the sterility of 3x × 2x and 2x × 3x crosses indicates that lagging chromosomes during meiotic anaphases are probably not excluded from gametes, resulting in unbalanced gametes in blueberry. Triploids can be used as a bridge to facilitate gene transfer from the diploid and tetraploid levels to the hexaploid level in blueberry.

Phylogenetics and chromosomal evolution in the Poaceae (grasses)

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khidir W. Hilu
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family

The wide range in basic chromosome number (x = 2–18) and prevalence of polyploidy and hybridisation have resulted in contrasting views on chromosomal evolution in Poaceae. This study uses information on grass chromosome number and a consensus phylogeny to determine patterns of chromosomal evolution in the family. A chromosomal parsimony hypothesis is proposed that underscores (1) the evolution of the Joinvilleaceae/Ecdeiocoleaceae/Poaceae lineage from Restionaceae ancestors with x = 9, (2) aneuploid origin of x�=�11 in Ecdeiocoleaceae and Poaceae (Streptochaeta, Anomochlooideae), (3) reduction to x = 9, followed by chromosome doubling within Anomochlooideae to generate the x = 18 in Anomochloa, and (4) aneuploid increase from the ancestral x = 11 to x = 12 in Pharoideae and Puelioideae, and further diversification in remaining taxa (Fig. 3b). Higher basic chromosome numbers are maintained in basal taxa of all grass subfamilies, whereas smaller numbers are found in terminal species. This finding refutes the 'secondary polyploidy hypothesis', but partially supports the 'reduction hypothesis' previously proposed for chromosomal evolution in the Poaceae.

scholarly journals Chromosome numbers of selected species of Elatine L. (Elatinaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kalinka ◽  
Gábor Sramkó ◽  
Orsolya Horváth ◽  
Attila Molnár V. ◽  
Agnieszka Popiela
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
First Time

The paper reports chromosome numbers for 13 taxa of <em>Elatine</em> L., including all 11 species occurring in Europe, namely <em>E. alsinastrum</em>, <em>E. ambigua</em>, <em>E. brachysperma</em>, <em>E. brochonii</em>, <em>E. californica</em>, <em>E. campylosperma</em>, <em>E. gussonei</em>, <em>E. hexandra</em>, <em>E. hungarica</em>, <em>E. hydropiper</em>, <em>E. macropoda</em>, <em>E. orthosperma</em>, <em>E. triandra</em> originating from 17, field-collected populations. For seven of them (<em>E. ambigua</em>, <em>E. californica</em>, <em>E. campylosperma</em>, <em>E. brachysperma</em>, <em>E. brochonii</em>, <em>E. hungarica</em>, <em>E. orthosperma</em>) the chromosome numbers are reported for the first time. With these records, chromosome numbers for the whole section <em>Elatinella</em> Seub. became available. Although 2<em>n</em> = 36 was reported to be the most common and the lowest chromosome number in the genus, our data show that out of thirteen species analyzed, six had 36 chromosomes but five species had 54 chromosomes, and the lowest number of chromosomes was 18. These data further corroborates that the basic chromosome number in <em>Elatine</em> is <em>x</em> = 9.

scholarly journals Cytological Investigation of Brazilian Nightshade (Solanum seaforthianam Andr.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
D. Jagatheeswari
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
Cytological Investigation ◽  
Ancestral Species ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
Centromere Position ◽  
Solanaceae Family

Solanum genus namely Solanum seaforthianum Andr. belongs to the Solanaceae family, and comprises only dioeciously species. These plants are distributed between 29º and 40º south. All species of this genus are diploid with chromosome numbers of 2n = 24, 28 and 30. According to literature, the basic chromosome number in this genus is x = 12, 14 and 15. Solanum genus with a chromosome complement of 2n = 30 has a symmetric karyotype with a median and sub median centromere position. Because ancestral species have a symmetric karyotype, it seems that x = 12 is the initial basic chromosome number in this genus and the x = 14 and x = 15 derived from x = 12. So it seems that diploid phenomena played an important role in evolution and speciation

scholarly journals Chromosome Numbers of Rubus Species at the National Clonal Germplasm Repository

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1447-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxine M. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
Rubus Species ◽  
Agricultural Research Service ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Research Service

The U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR), Corvallis, Ore., maintains Rubus germplasm representing worldwide diversity of the genus. Chromosome numbers were counted for 201 plants representing 124 taxa (species and varieties). There are new reports for 42 taxa, confirmation for 72 previously reported, and 10 counts for plants unidentified to species. The basic chromosome number was seven, and ploidy levels ranged from 2x to 12x.

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