NAD83 SECONDARY INTEGRATION

CISM journal ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-340
Author(s):  
C. Parent ◽  
M.C. Pinch

The Canadian geodetic network that was adjusted with networks of other North American countries, in the July 1986 Continental Adjustment, included only the 8000-station national primary framework. There still remains many thousands of stations contained in regional and local secondary networks to integrate into the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83). Secondary Integration is a cooperative project organized by member agencies of the Canadian Control Survey Committee (CCSC) which first met in 1982. Since then, members have automated and evaluated secondary network data for approximately 100 000 stations established by conventional, inertial and satellite surveying methods. The task of compiling and testing Helmert blocks for input to the simultaneous adjustment of primary and secondary networks is now underway. This paper describes the plans and progress, and some of the problems that challenge us in the NAD83 Secondary Integration Project.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhan Mansour

Based on the North American Lightning Detection Network data and the return-stroke currents recorded at the CN Tower, the lightning environment within 100 km from the CN Tower is thoroughly investigated, especially while the tower was struck with major storms in 2011 and 2005. On Aug 24, 2011, video records showed that the tower was struck with 52 flashes within about 84 minutes, pointing out to the most intense storm that has ever been observed at the tower. During this most intense storm, the tower’s current measurement system recorded 32 flashes, containing 161 return strokes, resulting in an average flash multiplicity of 5, which is 80% higher than the average multiplicity of flashes occurring in the vicinity of the tower. Since the tower is repeatedly hit by lightning and its flashes produce markedly higher number of strokes, then it definitely poses an electromagnetic interference risk to nearby sensitive installations, including those in downtown Toronto.


1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Krakiwsky ◽  
G. Konecny

Various problems associated with the adjustment of geodetic control networks in Eastern Canada are discussed. Results of analyses of the primary control networks in New Brunswick indicate that significant distortions are present and are due mainly to the Bowie Method of adjustment used when the 1927 North American Datum was adopted. The “free adjustments” made by the authors show that the proportional accuracy can be improved from the present lowest value of 1:20,000 to as high as 1:200,000. Other analyses cited in the paper indicate that there may be merit in combining first- and second-order control networks in a simultaneous adjustment. Some details are given on merging the first-order terrestrial networks in Eastern Canada with one triangle of the North American satellite triangulation network in a simultaneous adjustment.


1974 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 452-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Alberto Villasana

In the paper the evolution of the Mexican geodetic network is described ending with its actual situation, present needs and plans for the near future, with special reference to the participation of Mexico in the readjustment of the North American network.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norhan Mansour

Based on the North American Lightning Detection Network data and the return-stroke currents recorded at the CN Tower, the lightning environment within 100 km from the CN Tower is thoroughly investigated, especially while the tower was struck with major storms in 2011 and 2005. On Aug 24, 2011, video records showed that the tower was struck with 52 flashes within about 84 minutes, pointing out to the most intense storm that has ever been observed at the tower. During this most intense storm, the tower’s current measurement system recorded 32 flashes, containing 161 return strokes, resulting in an average flash multiplicity of 5, which is 80% higher than the average multiplicity of flashes occurring in the vicinity of the tower. Since the tower is repeatedly hit by lightning and its flashes produce markedly higher number of strokes, then it definitely poses an electromagnetic interference risk to nearby sensitive installations, including those in downtown Toronto.


2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 511-512
Author(s):  
David G. McLeod ◽  
Ira Klimberg ◽  
Donald Gleason ◽  
Gerald Chodak ◽  
Thomas Morris ◽  
...  

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