ATP and acetylene-reducing activity of a sulfate-reducing bacterium

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 567-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sekiguchi ◽  
A. Noguchi ◽  
Y. Nosoh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Acetylene Reduction ◽  
Adenine Nucleotides ◽  
Desulfovibrio Vulgaris ◽  
Atp Level ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Reducing Activity ◽  
Acetylene Reducing Activity

A sulfate-reducing bacterium, a strain of Desulfovibrio vulgaris, when lactate or pyruvate was supplied as an electron and energy source, reduced acetylene only in the presence of sulfate. Acetylene reduction started after a lag of 1 h. H2 which acts as an electron and energy source for sulfate reduction was unable to reduce acetylene even in the presence of sulfate. It was suggested, from the measurements of the amounts of adenine nucleotides of the bacterium incubated under various conditions, that the bacterium is able to reduce acetylene at a high ATP level or a high ATP/ADP ratio.

Nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) by Klebsiella pneumoniae in association with 'Park' Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.)

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Wood ◽  
R. V. Klucas ◽  
R. C. Shearman
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Acetylene Reduction ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Surface Sterilization ◽  
Reducing Activity ◽  
Acetylene Reducing Activity

Turfs of 'Park' Kentucky bluegrass reestablished in the greenhouse and inoculated with Klebsiella pneumoniae (W6) showed significantly increased nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction) compared with control turfs. Mean ethylene production rates per pot were 368 nmol h−1 for K. pneumoniae treated turfs, 55 nmol h−1 for heat-killed K. pneumoniae treated turfs, and 44 nmol h−1 for untreated turfs. Calculated lag periods before activity was observed were generally very short (less than 1 h).When 'Park' Kentucky bluegrass was grown from seed on soil-less medium of Turface, a fired aggregate clay, inoculation with K. pneumoniae (W6) resulted in 9 of 11 turfs showing nitrogenase activity (mean ethylene producion rate per pot was 195 nmol h−1). Only 3 of 11 turfs treated with heat-killed K. pneumoniae showed any activity and their mean rate of ethylene production (40 nmol h−1 per pot) was significantly lower than that for turfs treated with K. pneumoniae.Using the 'Park'–Turface soil-less model system it was shown that acetylene reducing activity was (i) root associated, (ii) generally highest at a depth of 1–4 cm below the surface, (iii) enhanced by washing excised roots, and (iv) inhibited by surface sterilization of excised roots. Klebsiella pneumoniae was recovered from Turface and roots showing acetylene reducing activity.

scholarly journals Effect of the Deletion of qmoABC and the Promoter-Distal Gene Encoding a Hypothetical Protein on Sulfate Reduction in Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (16) ◽  
pp. 5500-5509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant M. Zane ◽  
Huei-che Bill Yen ◽  
Judy D. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Electron Acceptor ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Hypothetical Protein ◽  
Desulfovibrio Vulgaris ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Terminal Electron Acceptor ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

ABSTRACTThe pathway of electrons required for the reduction of sulfate in sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) is not yet fully characterized. In order to determine the role of a transmembrane protein complex suggested to be involved in this process, a deletion inDesulfovibrio vulgarisHildenborough was created by marker exchange mutagenesis that eliminated four genes putatively encoding the QmoABC complex and a hypothetical protein (DVU0851). The Qmo (quinone-interactingmembrane-boundoxidoreductase) complex is proposed to be responsible for transporting electrons to the dissimilatory adenosine-5′-phosphosulfate reductase in SRB. In support of the predicted role of this complex, the deletion mutant was unable to grow using sulfate as its sole electron acceptor with a range of electron donors. To explore a possible role for the hypothetical protein in sulfate reduction, a second mutant was constructed that had lost only the gene that codes for the DVU0851 protein. The second constructed mutant grew with sulfate as the sole electron acceptor; however, there was a lag that was not present with the wild-type or complemented strain. Neither deletion strain was significantly impaired for growth with sulfite or thiosulfate as the terminal electron acceptor. Complementation of the Δ(qmoABC-DVU0851) mutant with all four genes or only theqmoABCgenes restored its ability to grow by sulfate respiration. These results confirmed the prediction that the Qmo complex is in the electron pathway for sulfate reduction and revealed that no other transmembrane complex could compensate when Qmo was lacking.

scholarly journals Nitrogenase of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Inhibition of acetylene reduction by magnesium ion explained by the formation of an inactive dimagnesium–adenosine triphosphate complex

1974 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger N. F. Thorneley ◽  
Keith R. Willison
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
Acetylene Reduction ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Magnesium Ion ◽  
Active Substrate ◽  
Reducing Activity ◽  
Acetylene Reducing Activity

Acetylene-reducing activity of purified nitrogenase from Klebsiella pneumoniae was studied over a range of ATP and Mg2+ concentrations at 15°C, pH7.8. Inhibition at Mg2+ concentrations of 2.5–30mm was due to the formation of the inactive complex, Mg2ATP. At higher Mg2+ concentrations an additional inhibitory effect was observed. The results were consistent with a MgATP complex being the active substrate with an apparent Km(MgATP)=0.4mm.

Factors affecting vesicle formation and acetylene reduction (nitrogenase activity) in Frankia sp. CpI1

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 815-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Tjepkema ◽  
William Ormerod ◽  
John G. Torrey
Keyword(s):  
Acetylene Reduction ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Vesicle Formation ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Reducing Activity ◽  
Acetylene Reducing Activity

Vesicle formation and acetylene reduction (nitrogenase activity) were observed when washed hyphae from cultures of Frankia sp. CpI1 were transferred to a nitrogen-free medium containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and succinate. Succinate could be replaced by malate or fumarate, but not other carbon sources. Maximum acetylene reduction and vesicle numbers were observed at a pH of 6.0–6.5, at 25–30 °C, and at atmospheric [Formula: see text] or somewhat less (5–20 kPa). Addition of 1 mM NH4Cl almost completely inhibited vesicle formation and acetylene-reducing activity, but did not immediately inhibit such reducing activity by cultures with preexisting vesicles. Acetylene-reducing activity was never observed in the absence of vesicle formation.

scholarly journals Rex (Encoded by DVU_0916) in Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough Is a Repressor of Sulfate Adenylyl Transferase and Is Regulated by NADH

2014 ◽  
Vol 197 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Christensen ◽  
G. M. Zane ◽  
A. E. Kazakov ◽  
X. Li ◽  
D. A. Rodionov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Site ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Transcriptional Start Site ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Desulfovibrio Vulgaris ◽  
Dissimilatory Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Genes Encoding

Although the enzymes for dissimilatory sulfate reduction by microbes have been studied, the mechanisms for transcriptional regulation of the encoding genes remain unknown. In a number of bacteria the transcriptional regulator Rex has been shown to play a key role as a repressor of genes producing proteins involved in energy conversion. In the model sulfate-reducing microbeDesulfovibrio vulgarisHildenborough, the gene DVU_0916 was observed to resemble other known Rex proteins. Therefore, the DVU_0916 protein has been predicted to be a transcriptional repressor of genes encoding proteins that function in the process of sulfate reduction inD. vulgarisHildenborough. Examination of the deduced DVU_0916 protein identified two domains, one a winged helix DNA-binding domain common for transcription factors, and the other a Rossman fold that could potentially interact with pyridine nucleotides. A deletion of the putativerexgene was made inD. vulgarisHildenborough, and transcript expression studies ofsat, encoding sulfate adenylyl transferase, showed increased levels in theD. vulgarisHildenborough Rex (RexDvH) mutant relative to the parental strain. The RexDvH-binding site upstream ofsatwas identified, confirming RexDvHto be a repressor ofsat. We establishedin vitrothat the presence of elevated NADH disrupted the interaction between RexDvHand DNA. Examination of the 5′ transcriptional start site for thesatmRNA revealed two unique start sites, one for respiring cells that correlated with the RexDvH-binding site and a second for fermenting cells. Collectively, these data support the role of RexDvHas a transcription repressor forsatthat senses the redox status of the cell.

Acetylene-induced decline in acetylene reduction by nodulated roots of alfalfa

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. H. Macdowall ◽  
G. T. Kristjansson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Acetylene Reduction ◽  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Reducing Activity ◽  
Acetylene Reducing Activity ◽  
Lower Temperature

Seedlings of three cultivars of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were nodulated with two strains of rhizobia (Rhizobium meliloti) and grown with zero N nutrients at 25:20 °C for 6 weeks followed by growth at 10:7 °C for 2 weeks. Acetylene-reducing activity (ARA) was retarded by 10% acetylene to an extent dependent on time, cultivar, strain, and growth temperature. In the usual short term assay for nitrogenase by ARA, the inhibition was not sufficient to explain decreased apparent efficiency of nitrogenase in plants moved to the lower temperature. Inhibition of ARA was associated with correspondingly decreased respiration in cv. Drylander, but in cv. Apollo respiration was not affected. The differential loss of ARA relative to respiratory activity in a day of continuous treatment with 10% acetylene was very distinct and requires an explanation other than altered nodule resistance to diffusion of oxygen.

Effect of sulfate on anaerobic processes fed with dual substrates

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chongchin Polprasert ◽  
Charles N. Haas
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Methane Formation ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Optimal Feed

Anaerobic reactors were operated in a semi-batch mode and fed with the dual substrates glucose (G) plus acetic acid (Ac) as primary organic sources to study the effect of sulfate on COD oxidation. With glucose, COD removal by methane formation was seriously inhibited, resulting in COD accumulation in the reactor. Although acetic acid can be consumed by some sulfate-reducing species, it was not a major substrate for sulfate reduction, but was largely responsible for methane formation in the anaerobic mixed culture used in this study. With dual substrates, extreme inhibition of methanogenesis did not occur as did with glucose alone. Instead, methanogens were found to work in harmony with acid formers as well as sulfate reducers to oxidise COD. Interestingly, from 12-hour monitoring, increased G/Ac COD ratios decreased COD removal rates as well as biogas production, but resulted in higher sulfate reduction. This suggests that there should be an optimal feed G/Ac COD ratio, for which removal of both organics could be maximised.

Trialing wetlands to treat coal mining wastewaters in a low rainfall, high evaporation environment

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy R. Tyrrell ◽  
David R. Mulligan ◽  
Lindsay I. Sly ◽  
L. Clive Bell
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Black Precipitate ◽  
Final Treatment ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Initial Results

The large number of wetlands treating mining wastewaters around the world have mostly been constructed in temperate environments. Wetlands have yet to be proven in low rainfall, high evaporation environments and such conditions are common in many parts of Australia. BHP Australia Coal is researching whether wetlands have potential in central Queensland to treat coal mining wastewaters. In this region, mean annual rainfall is < 650 mm and evaporation > 2 000 mm. A pilot-scale wetland system has been constructed at an open-cut coal mine. The system comprises six treatment cells, each 125 m long and 10 m wide. The system is described in the paper and some initial results presented. Results over the first fourteen months of operation have shown that although pH has not increased enough to enable reuse or release of the water, sulfate reduction has been observed in parts of the system, as shown by the characteristic black precipitate and smell of hydrogen sulfide emanating from the wetlands. These encouraging signs have led to experiments aimed at identifying the factors limiting sulfate reduction. The first experiment, described herein, included four treatments where straw was overlain by soil and the water level varied, being either at the top of the straw, at the top of the soil, or about 5 cm above the soil. The effect of inoculating with sulfate-reducing bacteria was investigated. Two controls were included, one covered and one open, to enable the effect of evaporation to be determined. The final treatment consisted of combined straw/cattle manure overlain with soil. Results showed that sulfate reduction did occur, as demonstrated by pH increases and lowering of sulfate levels. Mean pH of the water was significantly higher after 19 days; in the controls, pH was < 3.3, whereas in the treatments, pH ranged from 5.4 to 6.7. The best improvement in sulfate levels occurred in the straw/cattle manure treatment.

scholarly journals Pseudodesulfovibrio cashew sp. Nov., a Novel Deep-Sea Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium, Linking Heavy Metal Resistance and Sulfur Cycle

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
Rikuan Zheng ◽  
Shimei Wu ◽  
Chaomin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Sulfur Cycle ◽  
Metal Sulfides ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Dissimilatory Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Sulfate Reducing

Sulfur cycling is primarily driven by sulfate reduction mediated by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in marine sediments. The dissimilatory sulfate reduction drives the production of enormous quantities of reduced sulfide and thereby the formation of highly insoluble metal sulfides in marine sediments. Here, a novel sulfate-reducing bacterium designated Pseudodesulfovibrio cashew SRB007 was isolated and purified from the deep-sea cold seep and proposed to represent a novel species in the genus of Pseudodesulfovibrio. A detailed description of the phenotypic traits, phylogenetic status and central metabolisms of strain SRB007 allowed the reconstruction of the metabolic potential and lifestyle of a novel member of deep-sea SRB. Notably, P. cashew SRB007 showed a strong ability to resist and remove different heavy metal ions including Co2+, Ni2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+. The dissimilatory sulfate reduction was demonstrated to contribute to the prominent removal capability of P. cashew SRB007 against different heavy metals via the formation of insoluble metal sulfides.

Precipitation of heavy metals from coal ash leachate using biogenic hydrogen sulfide generated from FGD gypsum

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madawala Liyanage Duminda Jayaranjan ◽  
Ajit P. Annachhatre
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Fgd Gypsum ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Sulfate Reduction Process ◽  
Biological Sulfate Reduction

Investigations were undertaken to utilize flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum for the treatment of leachate from the coal ash (CA) dump sites. Bench-scale investigations consisted of three main steps namely hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production by sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) using sulfate from solubilized FGD gypsum as the electron acceptor, followed by leaching of heavy metals (HMs) from coal bottom ash (CBA) and subsequent precipitation of HMs using biologically produced sulfide. Leaching tests of CBA carried out at acidic pH revealed the existence of several HMs such as Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Mn, Cu, Ni and Zn. Molasses was used as the electron donor for the biological sulfate reduction (BSR) process which produced sulfide rich effluent with concentration up to 150 mg/L. Sulfide rich effluent from the sulfate reduction process was used to precipitate HMs as metal sulfides from CBA leachate. HM removal in the range from 40 to 100% was obtained through sulfide precipitation.

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