Effect of purine derivatives, papaverine hydrochloride, and imidazole on enterotoxin formation by Clostridium perfringens type A

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 851-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Craven ◽  
L. C. Blankenship
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Type A ◽  
Optimal Concentration ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Proteose Peptone ◽  
Papaverine Hydrochloride

The percentage sporulation and enterotoxin specific activity were improved for all of five Clostridium perfringens strains, and numbers of heat-resistant spores were improved for four of five strains by replacing proteose peptone with peptone in Duncan–Strong (DS) medium. When raffinose replaced starch in DS, peptone was superior to proteose peptone in increasing percentage sporulation, numbers of heat-resistant spores, and enterotoxin formation for four of five strains. Enterotoxin levels for a strain varied when different lots of the same peptone were used. Additional experiments were conducted with three C. perfringens strains grown in DS medium with peptone. Enterotoxin specific activity was increased for three strains by adding papaverine (hydrochloride crystalline), for two strains by adding each of caffeine and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, for one strain by adding each of theophylline, 6-mercaptopurine, and 2-amino-6-mercaptopurine, and for none of the strains by adding imidazole. When enterotoxin formation was improved for a strain by one of the compounds, percentage sporulation increased, but growth decreased. Effective compounds also increased numbers of heat-resistant spores for strains H6 and R42, but slightly or not at all for strain E13. The action of these compounds was concentration dependent, with the optimal concentration differing between compounds and between strains grown in the presence of the same compound.

Influence of Peptone Source on Sporulation of Clostridium perfringens Type A

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1730-1734 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Y. HSIEH ◽  
R. LABBE
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Type A ◽  
Sporulation Medium ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Original Formulation ◽  
Carbohydrate Source ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Proteose Peptone ◽  
Disease Agent ◽  
Physiological Studies

Clostridium perfringens is a foodborne disease agent that produces a sporulation-specific enterotoxin. To produce enterotoxin for experimental purposes or spores for challenge or physiological studies, the use of a convenient sporulation medium is required. The most commonly used is Duncan-Strong medium. Few isolates sporulate at high levels in this medium. We investigated the effectiveness of peptones from a variety of sources on the sporulation of this organism compared with the peptone in the original formulation, proteose peptone (control). Seven strains were used to screen 32 peptones, with starch or raffinose as the carbohydrate source. In most cases, raffinose was more effective than starch in stimulating sporulation, confirming our previous study. Two promising peptones, potato peptone, and Proteose Peptone no. 3, were selected and tested against 49 additional enterotoxin-positive and -negative strains, with raffinose as the carbohydrate. For 49 strains, 5 sporulated best (>10%) in the control peptone, 6 sporulated best in Peptone no. 3, and 23 sporulated best in the potato peptone. Of the 23 strains, 16 sporulated at levels 25% more than the control peptone. The increase in sporulation rates was reflected in the enterotoxin and heat-resistant spore levels. The methylxanthines caffeine and theobromine were effective in increasing the sporulation of less than half of 19 enterotoxin-positive strains. Our results suggest that the replacement of proteose peptone with potato peptone be considered if difficulty in obtaining spores of specific strains of C. perfringens is encountered.

scholarly journals Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Clostridium perfringens Isolates from Darmbrand Cases in Post-World War II Germany

2012 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 4354-4363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menglin Ma ◽  
Jihong Li ◽  
Bruce A. McClane
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Type A ◽  
World War ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Post World War Ii ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Type C ◽  
Beta Toxin

ABSTRACTClostridium perfringenstype C strains are the only non-type-A isolates that cause human disease. They are responsible for enteritis necroticans, which was termed Darmbrand when occurring in post-World War II Germany. Darmbrand strains were initially classified as type F because of their exceptional heat resistance but later identified as type C strains. Since only limited information exists regarding Darmbrand strains, this study genetically and phenotypically characterized seven 1940s era Darmbrand-associated strains. Results obtained indicated the following. (i) Five of these Darmbrand isolates belong to type C, carry beta-toxin (cpb) and enterotoxin (cpe) genes on large plasmids, and express both beta-toxin and enterotoxin. The other two isolates arecpe-negative type A. (ii) All seven isolates produce highly heat-resistant spores withD100values (the time that a culture must be kept at 100°C to reduce its viability by 90%) of 7 to 40 min. (iii) All of the isolates surveyed produce the same variant small acid-soluble protein 4 (Ssp4) made by type A food poisoning isolates with a chromosomalcpegene that also produce extremely heat-resistant spores. (iv) The Darmbrand isolates share a genetic background with type A chromosomal-cpe-bearing isolates. Finally, it was shown that both thecpeandcpbgenes can be mobilized in Darmbrand isolates. These results suggest thatC. perfringenstype A and C strains that cause human food-borne illness share a spore heat resistance mechanism that likely favors their survival in temperature-abused food. They also suggest possible evolutionary relationships between Darmbrand strains and type A strains carrying a chromosomalcpegene.

Sporulation and enterotoxin production by Clostridium perfringens type A under conditions of controlled pH and temperature

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1493-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald G. Labbe ◽  
Charles L. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Type A ◽  
Sporulation Medium ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Enterotoxin Production ◽  
Spore Population

The effect of two environmental factors, pH and temperature, on sporulation and enterotoxin production in Clostridium perfringens type A was determined. A maximum level of enterotoxin was obtained in Duncan and Strong sporulation medium when the pH was not controlled by external addition of NaOH. Slightly lower levels were obtained when the pH was controlled at 7.0. Percentage of sporulation and heat-resistant spore population levels were similar at pH 7.0 and when the pH was not externally controlled. Enterotoxin concentration, percentage of sporulation, and heat-resistant spore levels decreased greatly when the pH was kept at 8.0, 8.5, and 6.0. At pH 5.5 vegetative growth occurred although sporulation and enterotoxin production did not. Levels of heat-resistant spores and enterotoxin were higher at 37C than at 25, 30, or 43C. Enterotoxin formation was not detected at 46C.

Ulcerative Enteritis-Like Disease Associated With Clostridium Perfringens Type A In Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus)

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. e23-e24
Author(s):  
H. L. Shivaprasad ◽  
Francisco Uzal ◽  
Randy Kokka ◽  
Derek J. Fisher ◽  
Bruce A. Mcclane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Colinus Virginianus ◽  
Type A ◽  
Bobwhite Quail

Immunobiology of Clostridium perfringens Type A: Passive Protection of NMRI Mice

Chemotherapy ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 318-326
Author(s):  
Walter H. Traub ◽  
Dierk Bauer ◽  
Ursula Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Type A ◽  
Passive Protection ◽  
Nmri Mice

scholarly journals Adhesive properties of an outer structure of Clostridium perfringens type A isolated from piglets with with catarrhal enteritis

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Pelosi Teixeira ◽  
Marlene Braide Serafim ◽  
Maria Alice Cruz Höfling ◽  
Aureo T. Yamada ◽  
Antonio Fernando Pestana de Castro
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Type A ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Ileal Loop ◽  
Fibrillar Material ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Transmission Electron

One strain (S32) of Clostridium perfringens type A was isolated from a case of catarrhal enteritis of piglets. This strain was able to adhere to HeLa cells showing an adherence index (AI) of 25.15 ± 1.26 (mean ± 1 standard error of the mean). Treatment of the bacterial cells with trypsin (0.25mg/ml) decreased in 70%-80% the AI and metaperiodate (10mg/ml) abolished completely the adherence, suggesting that the structure responsible for this phenomenon was probably a glycoprotein. Heating of bacterial suspensions (100ºC/5 min) before carrying out the adhesion test decreased the AI rendering it equal to the negative controls. Rabbit homologous S32 antiserum inhibited the adherence up to dilutions of 1: 640, at least. The piglet ileal loop assay, carried out with strains S32 and Jab-1 (negative control) demonstrated that the strain S32 was able to adhere to the intestinal epithelial cells when examined after Gram staining. Transmission electron microcopy (TEM) demonstrated that S32 strain displayed a loose fibrillar material not seen with Jab-1. Stabilization of the bacterial cells with homologous antiserum of strain S32, followed by staining with rhuteniun red, revealed loose long fibrillar material on the outer surface of the cells, that sometimes could be seen spreading out from the cells and linking bacterial cells. The question whether this structure might be an adhesin for this strain of Cl. perfringes type A, perhaps playing a role in the pathogenesis of the catarrhal enteritis of piglets, is dependent on further studies.

Virulence of Clinical and Fecal Isolates of Clostridium perfringens Type A for Outbred NMRI Mice

Chemotherapy ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 426-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter H. Traub ◽  
Dierk Bauer ◽  
Ursula Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Type A ◽  
Nmri Mice
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document