Immuno-scanning electron microscopic localization of extracellular wood-degrading enzymes within the fibrillar sheath of the brown-rot fungus Postia placenta

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 898-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Green III ◽  
Carol A. Clausen ◽  
Michael J. Larsen ◽  
Terry L. Highley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Postia Placenta ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Brown Rot Fungus ◽  
Hyphal Sheath ◽  
Scanning Electron

Extracellular wood-degrading enzymes of the brown-rot fungus Postia placenta were localized using colloidal gold labeled monoclonal antibodies to the β-1,4-xylanase (32 to 36 kDa) fraction of P. placenta. Postia placenta was grown from agar onto glass cover slips, immunolabeled with or without prior fixation, and examined by scanning electron microscopy. Enzymes were localized on the hyphal surface and on the clumped fibrillar elements mycofibrils of the hyphal sheath following fixation with glutaraldehyde. If fixation was omitted, labeling was diffuse and not localized on individual or clumped mycofibrils. We conclude that extracellular decay enzymes are weakly bound (noncovalently) to, but not identical with, the linear mycofibrillar elements of the hyphal sheath. The linear structural elements of the hyphal sheath may play an important role in transport and presentation of wood-degrading enzymes during the decay process. Key words: brown-rot fungi, enzymes, mycofibrils, hyphal sheath, immunolabeling, monoclonal antibodies, colloidal gold, scanning electron microscopy.

Screening for Fibrin Specific Monoclonal Antibodies: The Development of a New Procedure

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (01) ◽  
pp. 048-053 ◽  
Author(s):  
P M Tymkewycz ◽  
L J Creighton-Kempsford ◽  
D Hockley ◽  
P J Gaffney
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Screening Procedure ◽  
Screening Procedures ◽  
Soluble State ◽  
Scanning Electron

SummaryThe acquisition of monoclonal antibodies specific for human fibrin has been impaired by the similarity in chemical composition between fibrinogen and fibrin and the conformational difference between immobilised and soluble fibrinogen. Five monoclonal antibodies (mabs) with a known affinity for fibrin have been subjected to screening procedures which involved the presentation of different forms of both fibrinogen and fibrin to the test mabs. It was observed by scanning electron microscopy that dried fibrin (denoted fibrin D), immobilised on the wells of PVC plates was morphologically similar to the fibrin found in human clots whereas PVC-immobilised fibrin monolayers (fibrin M) and a homogenised form of fibrin (fibrin FF) presented two very different morphological appearances. It was shown that lack of cross reactivity of a mab with an antigen (e.g. fibrinogen) was validly demonstrated only when both mab and antigen were present in the soluble state. These findings have allowed the generation of a screening procedure which involves the use of fibrin D on PVC plates in conjunction with whole human plasma incubated with the test antibody. This screening procedure has been validated using two mabs, one of which has an exclusive fibrin affinity while the other has a broad spectrum crossreactivity with both fibrinogen and fibrin. This procedure would ensure the acquisition of all the five fibrin-specific mabs used in this study while other less reliable screening procedures might not.

Comparison of Scanning Electron Microscopy and Light Microscopy for the Diagnosis of Early Stages of Brown Rot Wood Decay

IAWA Journal ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wayne Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Polarised Light ◽  
Scanning Electron

As part of a larger study of the microscopical characteristics useful in diagnosing early stages of decay, an opportunity was created to compare the ability of light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to image these features. Although most features could be imaged by both technologies, imaging was much easier in the SEM because it was being used at the low end of its resolution and magnification capability while the LM was near the high end of its limitations. One important feature which could not be imaged in SEM was the earliest attack on the cell walls, a feature which was visible under polarised light in the LM.

A Review on Colloidal Gold Post-Embedding Cytochemical Techniques

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 422-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moïse Bendayan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Antigenic Sites ◽  
Affinity Techniques ◽  
Intracellular Binding ◽  
Dense Marker ◽  
Scanning Electron

In 1971, colloidal gold was introduced in immunocytochemistry by Faulk and Taylor for the ultrastructural demonstration of antigenic sites at the surface of bacteria. Since then, application of this marker has been growing rapidly, extending its use to the various fields of cytochemistry. Indeed, it has been applied for pre- and post-embedding labeling of cell surface and intracellular binding sites respectively. It has been used in light microscopy as well as in both transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and thus appears today as the marker of choice in cytochemistry.The present short review means to illustrate four different affinity techniques, which have been developed recently for the ultrastructural postembedding localization of various macromolecules using colloidal gold as the electron dense marker.

Calcium translocation, calcium oxalate accumulation, and hyphal sheath morphology in the white-rot fungus Resinicium bicolor

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 927-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon H. Connolly ◽  
Jody Jellison
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Resinicium Bicolor ◽  
Hyphal Sheath ◽  
Scanning Electron

The white-rot fungus Resinicium bicolor was cultured on wood blocks in a modified soil block assay and was observed by environmental scanning electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Resinicium bicolor was found to translocate calcium in mycelial cords in quantities greater than that found in the wood blocks and accumulated this calcium in the form of calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate crystal clusters of mycelial cords were 3 × larger and far more numerous than the crystal clusters produced by the same fungus within the wood. Environmental scanning electron microscopy technology allowed for the examination of the hyphal sheath in a hydrated state. The hydrated hyphal sheath was found to be much thicker than the desiccated sheath observed after standard scanning electron microscope preparations. Calcium oxalate crystals were found to be embedded in the thick hyphal sheath, suggesting that previous observations of within-wall calcium oxalate precipitation may perhaps be better interpreted as artifacts generated during sample preparation. Key words: calcium oxalate, hyphal sheath, environmental scanning electron microscopy.

Scanning electron microscopy of bio‐fabricated Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles and their application to control brown rot of citrus

2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Musrat Ali ◽  
Urooj Haroon ◽  
Maria Khizar ◽  
Hassan Javed Chaudhary ◽  
Muhammad Farooq Hussain Munis
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Scanning Electron
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