Comparison of Scanning Electron Microscopy and Light Microscopy for the Diagnosis of Early Stages of Brown Rot Wood Decay

IAWA Journal ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wayne Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Polarised Light ◽  
Scanning Electron

As part of a larger study of the microscopical characteristics useful in diagnosing early stages of decay, an opportunity was created to compare the ability of light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to image these features. Although most features could be imaged by both technologies, imaging was much easier in the SEM because it was being used at the low end of its resolution and magnification capability while the LM was near the high end of its limitations. One important feature which could not be imaged in SEM was the earliest attack on the cell walls, a feature which was visible under polarised light in the LM.

scholarly journals Anatomía de la semilla de Tigridia pavonia (Iridaceae)

2017 ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Aída Carrillo-Ocampo ◽  
E.M. Engleman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Scanning Electron

With methods of light microscopy, histochemical staining and scanning electron microscopy, it was found that the ovule in the seed of Tigridia pavonia (Iridaceae) is anatropous, bitegmic, and crassinucellate. During development, the exotegmen is crushed and the endotegmen persists with tannins in the lumens and in the walls, which also react positively for lignin. The exotesta contains tannins and its outer walls are convex, thickened, and cuticularized. The mesotesta has multiple layers, accumulates abundant lipids, and forms a bulge in the chalaza. The cell walls of the endotesta collapse and accumulate tannins. In the chalaza, a hypostasal cushion contains tannins in the lumens and in the walls, which also react positively for lignin. At the micropylar end of the seed there is an operculum which consists of: a) a slightly crushed exotegmen, b) an endotegmen with cuticular thickenings that are concentric with respect to the micropyle, c) hemispherical deposists of cutin on the anticlinal walls of the endotegmen, and c) a thin layer of endosperm that covers the radicle. During its cellular stage of development, the endosperm has conspicuous transfer walls at the chalazal end next to the nucella. The embryo is small and has a conical cotyledon.

Colonization of Sphagnum cells by Lyophyllum palustre

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Untiedt ◽  
K. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Lyophyllum palustre (Peck) Singer, a basidiomycete (Tricholomataceae) parasitizing Sphagnum, was examined for points of contact between hyphae and Sphagnum cells with the help of light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Results indicate that the fungus attacks Sphagnum cells by penetrating cell walls and altering host cell protosplasm. In addition, the formation of additional partitioning cell walls in attacked living Sphagnum cells was observed.

Osmium Staining Fails to Detect Early Cell Wall Damage in Brown Rot Wood Decay

IAWA Journal ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
W. Wayne Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Polarised Light ◽  
Early Manifestation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Loss of cell wall birefringence under polarised light in the light microscope is an important diagnostic characteristic for early stages of brown rot wood decay not available with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Osmium tetroxide staining was explored as a means of visualising this early manifestation of decay in the SEM, but proved unsuccessful as X-ray spectroscopy indicated that osmium was evenly distributed across both distorted and non-distorted cell walls.

scholarly journals Remineralization Potential of Three Tooth Pastes on Enamel Caries

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 664-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajnish K. Singhal ◽  
Balwant Rai
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Fluoride Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polarised Light ◽  
New Formulation ◽  
Scanning Electron

BACKGROUND: Different formulations of dentifrices exist in the market. Usually, single toothpaste is used by all family members including children. There is a big concern of fluoride ingestion with the toothpaste containing high fluoride content in children. Recently, new toothpaste (including toothpaste) with remineralization potential without fluoride content has been formulated.AIM: There is an urgent need to compare remineralization potential of this new formulation with the exiting dentifrices. Therefore, the present study has been undertaken to assess and compare the remineralization potential of three dentifrices with different compositions on artificially induced carious lesions in vitro by using scanning electron microscopy and polarised light microscopy.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present in vitro study was conducted on 21 healthy extracted primary central incisor teeth surfaces, which were divided into three groups and were treated by three different dentifrices. Artificial demineralization was followed by remineralization using dentifrice slurry as per the group distribution. All the samples were studied for remineralization by using scanning electron microscopy and polarised light microscopy. Data were analysed using SPSS version 11 software.RESULTS: A significant difference was found between the remineralization potential of  incudent toothpaste and other toothpaste groups based on the analysis of polarised light microscopy and stereomicroscope. The remineralizing ability of  incudent toothpaste for artificial enamel lesions was found to be significantly higher than that of Colgate® and Crest toothpaste.CONCLUSIONS: The limitations of this study include, being a short term study, low sample size and in vitro experiment.  incudent toothpaste has exhibited a higher remineralizing potential as compared to fluoride based toothpaste in our study.

Zygosporogenesis in Gilbertella persicaria

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 662-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. O'Donnell ◽  
J. J. Ellis ◽  
C. W. Hesseltine ◽  
G. R. Hooper
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Secondary Thickening ◽  
Gilbertella Persicaria ◽  
Zygospore Wall ◽  
Scanning Electron

Zygospore development in Gilbertella persicaria (Eddy) Hesseltine was studied by light microscopy and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Cell walls of apically conjugating progametangia lose their separate identities in the fusion septum. Gametangial septa are formed, asynchronously to synchronously, on either side of the fusion septum by the centripetal coalescence of vesicles. Secondary thickening of these septa is more rapid and continues longer on the side towards the zygospore. The multilayered wall of the zygosporangium ultimately consists of outer and inner primary walls, a warted layer, and a smoothing or tertiary layer. Ahyaline quaternary layer with conical projections (zygospore wall) is formed within the zygosporangium. The observations obtained are correlated with existing ultrastructural information on zygosporogenesis in the Mucorales.

Two- or three-way observations of the identical cell elements within the same sections by LM, TEM and/or SEM

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nakazo Watari ◽  
Yasuaki Hotta ◽  
Yoshio Mabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Identical Cell ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron

It is very useful if we can observe the identical cell elements within the same sections by light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and/or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) sequentially, because, the cell fine structure can not be indicated by LM, while the color is; on the other hand, the cell fine structure can be very easily observed by EM, although its color properties may not. However, there is one problem in that LM requires thick sections of over 1 μm, while EM needs very thin sections of under 100 nm. Recently, we have developed a new method to observe the same cell elements within the same plastic sections using both light and transmission (conventional or high-voltage) electron microscopes.In this paper, we have developed two new observation methods for the identical cell elements within the same sections, both plastic-embedded and paraffin-embedded, using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and/or scanning electron microscopy (Fig. 1).

Examination of Schistosome Cercariae and Schistosomules by Scanning Electron Microscopy

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 50-51
Author(s):  
D. Johnson ◽  
P. Moriearty
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Conventional Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Since several species of Schistosoma, or blood fluke, parasitize man, these trematodes have been subjected to extensive study. Light microscopy and conventional electron microscopy have yielded much information about the morphology of the various stages; however, scanning electron microscopy has been little utilized for this purpose. As the figures demonstrate, scanning microscopy is particularly helpful in studying at high resolution characteristics of surface structure, which are important in determining host-parasite relationships.

SEM Observations on the Germination of Euonymous Americanus

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 508-509
Author(s):  
D.R. Hill ◽  
J.R. McCurry ◽  
L.P. Elliott ◽  
G. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Environmental Chamber ◽  
Dormant Stage ◽  
Scanning Electron

Germination of Euonymous americanus in the laboratory has previously been unsuccessful. Ability to germinate Euonymous americanus. commonly known as the american strawberry bush, is important in that it represents a valuable food source for the white-tailed deer. Utilizing the knowledge that its seeds spend a period of time in the rumin fluid of deer during their dormant stage, we were successful in initiating germination. After a three month drying period, the seeds were placed in 25 ml of buffered rumin fluid, pH 8 at 40°C for 48 hrs anaerobically. They were then allowed to dry at room temperature for 24 hrs, placed on moistened filter paper and enclosed within an environmental chamber. Approximately four weeks later germination was detected and verified by scanning electron microscopy; light microscopy provided inadequate resolution. An important point to note in this procedure is that scarification, which was thought to be vital for germination, proved to be unnecessary for successful germination to occur. It is believed that germination was propagated by the secretion of enzymes or prescence of acids produced by microorganisms found in the rumin fluid since sterilized rumin failed to bring about germination.

New diagnostic characters of Kolhymorbis angarensis (Dybowski & Grochmalicki, 1925) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Planorbidae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-195
Author(s):  
E.V. Soldatenko
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Copulatory Apparatus ◽  
Scanning Electron

The radula morphology and the anatomy of the copulatory apparatus in Kolhymorbis angarensis were examined using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and histological methods. Kolhymorbis angarensis was shown to have the stylet and the penial sac with a glandular appendage (flagellum), the characteristics, previously unknown for any species of this genus. The significance of these findings for the taxonomy of the genus is discussed.

Actinomycetes in discolored wood of living silver maple

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Blanchette ◽  
John B. Sutherland ◽  
Don L. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Hydroxybenzoic Acid ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Streptomyces Strain ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
Scanning Electron

The greenish-brown margin of discolored wood in three living silver maple trees, Acer saccharinum L., was examined by scanning electron microscopy and microbiological culture techniques. Micrographs of xylem vessels revealed filamentous structures; some of them appeared to be actinomycetous hyphae. Actinomycetes identified as Streptomyces parvullus Waksman & Gregory, S. sparsogenes Owen, Dietz & Camiener, and a third Streptomyces strain were isolated repeatedly from discolored wood of each tree. These isolates grew in liquid media in the presence of 0.1% (w/v) concentrations of several phenols. Although other phenols included in the test were not substantially degraded, p-hydroxybenzoic acid was utilized as a carbon source by S. parvullus. All three actinomycetes inhibited growth of selected wood-inhabiting fungi when paired on malt agar. When inoculated on sterilized sapwood and discolored wood from silver maple, the actinomycetes colonized vessel walls and occlusions, but were not observed to decay cell walls.

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