CALCULATION OF HEATS OF SOLUTION IN SATURATED MIXED ELECTROLYTES

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
Y. Iyengar
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Solubility Product ◽  
Mixed Electrolytes ◽  
Heats Of Solution ◽  
Harned's Rule

Theoretical equations have been derived for calculating heats of solutions of an electrolyte in its saturated system comprising one or more electrolytes. These expressions involve the application of "Harned's rule" concerning activity coefficients in mixed electrolytic solutions to an extension of van't Hoff's equation dealing with the temperature coefficient of solubility product in non-ideal systems. The commonly occurring case of mixed electrolytic pairs has been considered in detail. Application of theoretical equations to calculate the heats of solutions KCl, NaCl, and KNO3 in the saturated systems KCl–NaCl–H2O and KCl–KNO3–H2O is briefly discussed.

NaCl and CaCl2 activity coefficients in mixed aqueous solutions

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1332-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward W. Moore ◽  
James W. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Osmotic Coefficients ◽  
Electrode System ◽  
Glass Electrode ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Harned's Rule ◽  
Potentiometric Measurement

In the investigation of numerous physiological phenomena it is the activity of an ion species which is desired, rather than stoichiometric concentration. The calculation of mean ionic activity from known concentration data requires accurate activity coefficients (ggr). This report concerns the determination of ggrNaCl and ggrCaCl2 in mixed NaCl-CaCl2 solutions by potentiometric measurement with a sodium-selective glass electrode-Ag/AgCl electrode system over the ionic strength range 0.05–0.5 m. Log ggrNaCl varied linearly, at constant total ionic strength, with the ionic strength of CaCl2 in the mixture, in accordance with Harned's rule. From data thus obtained, ggrCaCl2 coefficients in such mixed solutions have been calculated and compared with values calculated from published osmotic data. Resulting activity coefficient curves for ggrCaCl2 are presented over the concentration range encountered in serum and other extracellular fluids. Note: (With the Technical Assistance of Leonard Kaye and Leonard L. Anderson) glass electrodes; ion interaction; electrolyte metabolism; Harned's rule; membrane transport; osmotic coefficients Submitted on March 11, 1965

Activity coefficients in the system H2O–NaCl–MgSO4 at 25°C

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 821-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Platford
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Electromotive Force ◽  
Infinite Dilution ◽  
Harned's Rule ◽  
Mean Activity Coefficients

The system H2O–NaCl–MgSO4 was studied by both the isopiestic and the electromotive force (e.m.f.) methods, and mean activity coefficients of NaCl and MgSO4 were measured at 25 °C at ionic strengths up to 0.72. Difficulty was encountered in extrapolating the isopiestic results to infinite dilution and an extrapolation was chosen which made the isopiestic results consistent with e.m.f. results on the same system. Harned's rule was not obeyed for either salt.

The calculation of activity coefficients of binary mixed electrolytes

1993 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 2561-2572 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.-K. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Mixed Electrolytes

Comparative studies of calculation methods for activity coefficients of unsymmetrical mixed electrolytes

1992 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 963-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiong-Koon Lim ◽  
Siow-Kian Khoo ◽  
F. Hernandez-Luis ◽  
L. Fernandez-Merida ◽  
M. A. Esteso
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Mixed Electrolytes ◽  
Calculation Methods

Activity coefficients of NaCl in NaCl–NaOAc–H2O at 25, 35, and 45 °C

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Manohar ◽  
J. Ananthaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Osmotic Coefficients ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Harned's Rule ◽  
Pitzer Formalism ◽  
Scatchard Equation

The activity coefficients of NaCl were estimated by measuring the EMFs of the cell[Formula: see text]at four ionic strengths, i.e., 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mol/kg and at temperatures 25, 35, and 45 °C. The results were analyzed in terms of Harned's rule, the Pitzer and Rush–Johnson–Scatchard treatments. Osmotic coefficients and excess free energies of mixing were calculated at all ionic strengths and temperatures studied. Key words: activity coefficients, sodium chloride, sodium acetate, Pitzer formalism, Scatchard equation.

The Solubility, Activity Coefficients and Solubility Product of Manganese(II) Iodate1a

1951 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 4853-4855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anson Mack Hayes ◽  
Don S. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Solubility Product

Activity Coefficients of (Hydrogen Chloride + Europium Chloride) (aq) Using Harned's Rule and the Pitzer Formalism

2001 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabindra N. Roy ◽  
Lakshmi N. Roy ◽  
Darin Gregory ◽  
Andria VanLanduyt ◽  
Denis Pierrot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Chloride ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Harned's Rule ◽  
Pitzer Formalism ◽  
Europium Chloride

Thermochemistry of Silver Bromate

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Gedansky ◽  
L. G. Hepler
Keyword(s):  
Solubility Product ◽  
Standard Entropy ◽  
Heat Of Solution ◽  
Heats Of Solution ◽  
Calorimetric Measurements

Calorimetric measurements of the heat of solution of AgBrO3(c) in NH3(aq) have been combined with earlier data on heats of solution of AgNO3(c) in water and in NH3(aq) to yield ΔH0 = 11.78 ± 0.11 kcal mol–1 for AgBrO3(c) = Ag+(aq) + BrO3−(aq). Combination of this value with ΔG0 = 5.83 kcal mol–1 from the solubility product gives ΔS0°= 19.96 cal deg–1 mol–1 for the standard entropy of solution of AgBrO3(c) at 298 °K.

Activity coefficients of mixed electrolytes from liquid-liquid partitioning measurements

1983 ◽  
Vol 87 (25) ◽  
pp. 5158-5166
Author(s):  
John M. Kennish ◽  
David K. Roe
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Mixed Electrolytes
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