Comparative studies of calculation methods for activity coefficients of unsymmetrical mixed electrolytes

1992 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 963-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiong-Koon Lim ◽  
Siow-Kian Khoo ◽  
F. Hernandez-Luis ◽  
L. Fernandez-Merida ◽  
M. A. Esteso
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Mixed Electrolytes ◽  
Calculation Methods

Comparative studies of calculation methods for symmetrical mixed electrolytes

1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Lim ◽  
S. K. Khoo ◽  
F. Hern�ndez-Luis ◽  
L. Fern�ndez-M�rida ◽  
M. A. Esteso
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Mixed Electrolytes ◽  
Calculation Methods

The calculation of activity coefficients of binary mixed electrolytes

1993 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 2561-2572 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.-K. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Mixed Electrolytes

Activity coefficients of mixed electrolytes from liquid-liquid partitioning measurements

1983 ◽  
Vol 87 (25) ◽  
pp. 5158-5166
Author(s):  
John M. Kennish ◽  
David K. Roe
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Mixed Electrolytes

Ion exchange and solvent extraction equilibria in mixed electrolytes

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (20) ◽  
pp. 3851-3858 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Patil ◽  
H. D. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Stability Constants ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Spectroscopic Method ◽  
Distribution Coefficients ◽  
Mixed Electrolytes ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Extraction Equilibria

The distribution coefficients of 2-thenoyl trifluoroacetone (TTA) between the organic and aqueous phase containing mixtures of ClO4−, NO3−, Cl−, SCN−, and SO42− ions indicate that the activity coefficients of TTA in the aqueous phase are given by ln γ = ΣksiCsi where ksi and Csi are the salting-out parameter and molar concentration of the ith component, respectively. The salting-out effect on TTA follows the usual pattern for a non-electrolyte, i.e. SO42− > Cl− > Br− > ClO4− > SCN− for anions and Li+ > Na+ > H+. In the solvent extraction equilibria, the extraction behavior of the neutral species M(TTA)n may not be similar to that of TTA and thus stability constants determined by this method, wherein there are large changes of anion composition in the aqueous phase to maintain the ionic strength constant, may be in error. The ion exchange equilibria have also been investigated by determining distribution coefficients, D, of metal ions in trace concentrations in mixed electrolyte solutions. The large, poorly hydrated ions are salted into the resin phase in the presence of anions like ClO4− having the property of breaking the water structure. In mixed electrolytes containing perchlorate, nitrate, and chloride ion mixtures, the D values are difficult to rationalize on the basis of the activity coefficients of ions alone. The stability constants for the formation of CaCl+, CaNO3+, BaCl+, and BaNO3+ determined by the ion exchange method at μ = 1 are not in agreement with those obtained by the spectroscopic method.

CALCULATION OF HEATS OF SOLUTION IN SATURATED MIXED ELECTROLYTES

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
Y. Iyengar
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Solubility Product ◽  
Mixed Electrolytes ◽  
Heats Of Solution ◽  
Harned's Rule

Theoretical equations have been derived for calculating heats of solutions of an electrolyte in its saturated system comprising one or more electrolytes. These expressions involve the application of "Harned's rule" concerning activity coefficients in mixed electrolytic solutions to an extension of van't Hoff's equation dealing with the temperature coefficient of solubility product in non-ideal systems. The commonly occurring case of mixed electrolytic pairs has been considered in detail. Application of theoretical equations to calculate the heats of solutions KCl, NaCl, and KNO3 in the saturated systems KCl–NaCl–H2O and KCl–KNO3–H2O is briefly discussed.

A new method for calculating activity coefficients of mixed electrolytes

1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. K. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
New Method ◽  
Mixed Electrolytes

Activity coefficients in mixed electrolytes: a note on Guggenheim's relation

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lakshamanan ◽  
S.K. Rangarajan
Keyword(s):  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Mixed Electrolytes

RADIOCHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS OF ACTIVITY COEFFICIENTS IN MIXED ELECTROLYTES

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Betts ◽  
Agnes N. MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Precise Measurement ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Mixed Electrolytes ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Radioactive Tracers ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Solutions ◽  
Exchange Resins

A method is described for the precise measurement of the activity coefficients of salts in mixed electrolytic solutions. It involves the use of synthetic ion exchange resins and radioactive tracers. The activity coefficients of the chlorides of sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium were measured at effectively zero concentration in hydrochloric acid solutions from 0.005 to 1.5 m. The activity coefficient of sodium chloride in solutions of lithium and potassium chlorides was also determined. The results are discussed in terms of both the Harned rule and the Stokes–Robinson theory of activity coefficients.

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