Predicted real solubility (– log x2) and the level of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLBRequ.) of phytochemicals contained in extracts isolated from linden inflorescence (Tiliae flos) with solvents of diversified polarity (εM)

Summary Introduction: The broad spectrum of pharmacological properties of linden inflorescence extracts results from polarity and the level of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of solvents (medium) used to separate compatible phytochemical structures with the expected pharmacotherapeutic profile. Objective: The use of the general Hildebrand-Scatchard-Fedors theory of solubility to calculate the predicted solubility of classes of phytochemicals contained in linden inflorescences (Tiliae flos) and the indication of those structures which, due to their high solubility in the medium, are responsible for the profile of pharmacological activity. Material and methods: The Hildebrand, Scatchard equation, supported with computational technique proposed by Fedors, allows calculation of the solubility parameters of the extraction medium. Despite application reservations, it is a fundamental tool for estimating the predictable solubility of phytochemicals in real solution. Results: The structure of phytochemicals isolated from linden inflorescences (Tiliae flos) owing to the use of solvents of significantly diversified polarity (–dielectric constant – εM) was the basis for calculating the molar evaporation energy – ΣΔEi (cal/mol) and molar volume – ΣΔVi (cm3/mol) by Fedors method, which are fundamental quantities necessary to estimate the solubility parameter – δ1/2 and required solubility level of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance – HLBRequ. Conclusions: Results of the presented research indicate that basing on the parameters characterizing the structure of phytochemicals and the calculated ideal (–logxi2) and predicted real (– log x2) solubility, it is possible – using the general Hildebrand-Scatchard-Fedors theory of solubility – to choose selectively the cascade of extraction media in order to distinguish in the plant material chemical and structural individuals of different polarity.

Synthesis and Characterization of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer of Spermidine and the Exploration of Its Molecular Recognition Properties

Spermidine is a functional ingredient that can extend the lifespan of many foods and indicate meat safety. However, its synthesis and enrichment is expensive and complex. To develop an effective separation material that can offer highly selective recognition of spermidine, we first applied non-covalent molecular imprinting technology using methacrylic acid as a functional monomer, azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a cross-linker. The adsorption properties of the polymers were analyzed using the Scatchard equation, the Lagergren kinetic equation, and the static distribution coefficient. The optimal polymerization molar ratio of the template molecule spermidine to the functional monomer was 1:4, the maximum adsorption amount was 97.75 μmol/g, and the adsorption equilibrium time was 300 min. The selective experiment showed that the interfering substances tyramine and histamine had selectivity factor α values of 2.01 and 1.78, respectively, indicating that the prepared polymer had good spermidine recognition ability. The density function theory calculations showed that the hydrogen bond strength, steric effect, and product energy caused adsorption and separation differences among the different imprinted polymer complexes.

Practice and Synthetize Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Seperating Target Neuro-Protective Compounds from TCM with Less Pollution

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthetic materials that can be the environmental protection extraction method in TCM research and industry. They can overcome the defects of traditional extract methods and environmental pollution. In our research, MIPs were prepared by precipitation polymerization with neuro-protective picroside I and ginsenoside Rb1 as the template molecule. Moreover, the morphology of MIPs was characterized by electron microscope scanning and the static adsorption capacity was measured by the Scatchard equation. Finally, MIPs were made into MIP-SPE columns to enrich the template molecule and its analogues comparing with C18-SPE column and the results show that MIPs have good affinity and selectivity towards the Rb1 and Picroside I in SPE columns. This research may offer a more environmentally friendly method to extract active compounds in the traditional herbal.

A Novel Method for Prepairing Higher Performance Picroside I Surface Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for TCM Research

To establish a novel method for preparing molecularly imprinted polymers for Picroside I with better performance on TCM research contrast to previous studies, we have prepared novel surface molecular imprinted polymers (S-MIPs) using Picroside I as the template molecule, Acrylamide (AM) as the functional monomer, and silica gel as the carrier. The morphology of S-MIPs was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and its static adsorption capacity was measured by the Scatchard equation.

A Novel Extraction Method for Active Compounds from Traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials Environment Friendly

A novel extraction method based on environmental protection was founded through molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), overcoming the defects of traditional extraction methods, such as reagents consuming, complex operation and environmental pollution. MIPs were prepared by precipitation polymerization with picroside II or ginsenoside rg1 as the template molecule. The morphology of MIPs was characterized by scanning electron microscope and its static adsorption capacity was measured by the Scatchard equation. In addition, MIPs were filled in the solid phase extraction (SPE) column to separate and enrich the template molecule and its analogues, compared with C18-SPE column. The results indicated that MIPs have high affinity toward the template molecules, which might offer a novel method for the extraction of active compounds in the traditional herbal medicine.

Preparation and Properties of Ginsenoside Rg1 Molecularly Imprinted Polymers

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were prepared by precipitation polymerization with ginsenoside Rg1 as the template molecule. The morphology of MIPs was characterized by scanning electronmicroscope (SEM) and its static adsorption capacity was measured by the Scatchard equation. Scatchard analysis revealed that the homogeneous binding sites were formed in the polymers. The application of MIPs with high affinity toward the template molecule might offer a novel method for the enrichment and determination of active compounds in the traditional herbal medicine.

A Novel Method for Preparing the Surface Molecularly Imprinted Polymers to Target Isolate Ginsenoside Rg1 and its Analogues

To establish a novel method for preparing molecularly imprinted polymers for ginsenoside Rg1 with better character contrast to previous studies, we have prepared novel surface molecular imprinted polymers (S-MIPs) using ginsenoside Rg1 as the template molecule, Acrylamide (AM) as the functional monomer, and silica gel as the carrier. The morphology of S-MIPs was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and its static adsorption capacity was measured by the Scatchard equation.

Adsorption Behaviour of Hg(II) from Acetate Medium onto PAR-Imbedded Polyurethane Foam

The sorption behaviour of a 2.46 • 10−5 M solution of Hg(II) on 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR)-loaded polyurethane foam (PUF) was investigated. Optimum sorption was observed from acetate medium at pH 6 with the maximum equilibration time being 30 min. The kinetic data indicated an intraparticle diffusion process with sorption being first order. The rate constant k was 0.053 min−1. The classical Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms were tested. The Freundlich constants 1/n and Kf were determined as 0.40 and 1.07 • 10−3 mol/g, respectively, and the Langmuir constants ‘M’ and ‘b’ were 3.84 • 10−5 mol/g and 3.5 • 104 dm3/mol, respectively. A sorption free energy (E) of 12.9 kJ/mol indicated chemisorption. The numerical values of the thermodynamic parameters ΔH, ΔS and ΔG indicated that sorption was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. The Scatchard equation was tested as a means of evaluating the binding sites of PUF with Hg(II). The stability constants for sorption were determined and the sorption mechanism was discussed.

Molecular Imprinting of 3-Hydroxybenzoic Acid: Special and General Binding Sites

ABSTRACTA resin, imprinted with 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (3HBA), was synthesized from acrylamide (AA, the functional monomer) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA, the crosslinking agent). Batch analyses showed that the imprinted polymer has a special affinity for the meta-substituted 3HBA, but not for its para-substituted isomer (4HBA) nor for benzoic acid (BA). These results are consistent with the principle that an imprinted resin's ability to recognize is dependent on the target's size, shape, and functionality. Another resin, prepared from AA and EGDMA but in the absence of a template, had similar affinities for 3HBA, 4HBA, and BA; and thus it could not differentiate among the three. The results can be interpreted with a simple two-binding-site model with one site special for 3HBA and the other being more general with similar affinities for 3HBA, 4HBA and BA. The binding of 3HBA to the imprinted resin is characterized by an association constant and the density of each kind of site using a two-site Scatchard equation. The binding sites common to both the imprinted resin and the non-imprinted reference resin were found to have greater affinity but are less numerous than the sites unique to the imprinted resin.