THERMODYNAMIC AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ZIRCONIUM CHLORIDES IN ALKALI CHLORIDE MELTS

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Swaroop ◽  
S. N. Flengas
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Phase Diagrams ◽  
Electromotive Force ◽  
Equilibrium Phase ◽  
Force Measurements ◽  
Zirconium Tetrachloride ◽  
Alkali Chloride ◽  
Chloride Melts ◽  
Electromotive Force Measurements ◽  
Zirconium Metal

The liquidus curves in the binary equilibrium phase diagrams of the systems, ZrCl2–MCl, and ZrCl3–MCl, where M is potassium or sodium, have been determined where possible. The electrochemical properties of the dilute solutions of zirconium di-, tri-, and tetra-chlorides, in the temperature range 670 °C to 750 °C, were investigated by reversible electromotive force measurements. From the results various equilibria between zirconium metal and the solutions of zirconium tri- and tetra-chlorides, respectively, were determined. Activity calculations indicate that zirconium tetrachloride is heavily complexed in these melts.

Thermodynamic Properties of Zinc Chloride in Alkali Chloride Melts by Electromotive Force Measurements

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (18) ◽  
pp. 3114-3122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron J. Robertson ◽  
Alfred S. Kucharski
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Electromotive Force ◽  
Metal Salt ◽  
Alkali Metal Salt ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Force Measurements ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Alkali Chloride ◽  
Chloride Melts ◽  
Electromotive Force Measurements

Electromotive force measurements on the ZnCl2–ACl systems where A = K, Rb, and Cs were made using cells of the type[Formula: see text]in the temperature range 450° to 800 °C. The partial molar free energies, enthalpies, and excess entropies have been determined from the temperature dependence of the emf results. These thermodynamic properties exhibit increasing negative departure from ideality as the basicity of the alkali metal salt increases. The results are interpreted in terms of an acid–base reaction and are discussed in relation to current models.

scholarly journals Spectroelectrochemistry and Electrochemistry of Europium Ions in Alkali Chloride Melts

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Uehara ◽  
Osamu Shirai ◽  
Takayuki Nagai ◽  
Toshiyuki Fujii ◽  
Hajimu Yamana
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Redox Potential ◽  
Force Measurements ◽  
Redox Equilibrium ◽  
Alkali Chloride ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Chloride Melts ◽  
Electromotive Force Measurements ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
The Eu

In order to investigate the redox equilibrium of europium ions in molten NaCl-2CsCl, UV-Vis absorption spectrophotometry measurements were performed for Eu2+ and Eu3+ in molten NaCl- 2CsCl at 923 K under simultaneous electrolytic control of their ratio. Molar absorptivities of EuCl3 and EuCl2 in NaCl-2CsCl at 923 K were determined to be (420±21) M −1cm−1 at 31200 cm−1 and (1130±56) M−1cm−1 at 30300 cm−1, respectively. The formal redox potential of the Eu2+/Eu3+ couple in NaCl-2CsCl melt at 923 K was determined to be (−0.941 ±0.004) V vs. Cl2/Cl− by electromotive force measurements on varying concentration ratios of Eu2+ and Eu3+, which were performed using a technique based on the combination of electrolysis and spectrophotometry. Cyclic voltammetry was also carried out in order to examine the characteristics of the voltammograms for the Eu2+/Eu3+ couple in NaCl-2CsCl melt. The formal redox potential of the Eu2+/Eu3+ couple determined by a spectroelectrochemical method agreed with that determined by cyclic voltammetry [(−0.946±0.008) V vs. Cl2/Cl−]. The effects of temperature on the redox potential of the Eu2+/Eu3+ couple in NaCl-2CsCl, NaCl-KCl, LiCl-KCl, and CsCl melts were studied by cyclic voltammetry in the range from 923 to 1123 K.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Studies of Binary Charged Unsymmetrical Fused Salt Systems. Calorimetric and Electromotive Force Measurements of Yttrium(III) Chloride - Alkali Chloride Mixtures.

1979 ◽  
Vol 33a ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
George N. Papatheodorou ◽  
Ole Wærnes ◽  
Terje Østvold ◽  
Arne Holm ◽  
Nils H. Toubro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromotive Force ◽  
Force Measurements ◽  
Alkali Chloride ◽  
Thermodynamic Studies ◽  
Electromotive Force Measurements ◽  
Salt Systems ◽  
Fused Salt
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