scholarly journals Apparent Molal Volumes and Heat Capacities of Some Tetraalkylammonium Bromides, Alkyltrimethylammonium Bromides, and Alkali Halides in Aqueous Glycerol Solutions

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (22) ◽  
pp. 3452-3461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppa DiPaola ◽  
Bernard Belleau
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Water Structure ◽  
Alkali Halides ◽  
Heat Capacities ◽  
Glycerol Water ◽  
Tetraalkylammonium Bromides ◽  
Specific Heats ◽  
Alkyltrimethylammonium Bromides ◽  
In Series ◽  
Water Glycerol

The densities and volumetric specific heats of some tetraalkylammonium bromides, alkyltrimethylammonium bromides, and some alkali halides (0.02 to 0.5 aquamolal) were measured in 0 to 30 wt.% glycerol in water with a flow densimeter connected in series with a flow microcalorimeter at 24 and 25 °C respectively. The derived volumes and heat capacities of transfer of the electrolytes from water to glycerol–water mixtures are consistent with the corresponding transfer functions from water to D2O and from water to urea–water mixtures, and suggest that structural interactions are reduced in aqueous glycerol solutions. The volumes and heat capacities of micellisation of n-nonyltrimethylammonium bromide were determined in water, glycerol–water mixtures, urea–water mixtures, and in D2O. Both the transfer and the micellisation study indicate that glycerol behaves in an analogous manner to urea. An effect other than a simple alteration of the water structure must be invoked to account for their different effects on protein stability.

Volumes and Heat Capacities of Dimethylsulfoxide, Acetone, and Acetamide in Water and of some Electrolytes in these Mixed Aqueous Solvents

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (21) ◽  
pp. 3263-3268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Kiyohara ◽  
Gèrald Perron ◽  
Jacques E. Desnoyers
Keyword(s):  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Water Structure ◽  
Heat Capacities ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Specific Heats ◽  
Solute Interactions ◽  
Molal Volumes ◽  
Mixed Aqueous Solvents

The densities and volumetric specific heats of binary mixtures of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), acetone (ACT), and acetamide (ACM) in water were measured at 25 °C with a flow densimeter and a flow microcalorimeter. The same properties were also determined for ternary mixtures of 0.1 m LiCl, NaCl, Me4NBr, and Bu4NBr in ACT–water and DMSO–water mixtures, and volumes for 0.1 m Bu4NBr in ACM–water and urea–water mixtures. The derived apparent molal volumes and heat capacities of nonelectrolytes in water and the transfer functions of the electrolytes from water to the mixed solvents suggest that, contrary to urea, the present non-electrolytes are slightly hydrophobic but, with the possible exception of ACT, their overall influence on water structure has practically no influence on the various solute–solute interactions.

Volumes and Heat Capacities of Cyclic Ethers and Amines in Water and of some Electrolytes in these Mixed Aqueous Solvents

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (17) ◽  
pp. 2591-2597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Klyohara ◽  
Gérald Perron ◽  
Jacques E. Desnoyers
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Solvent ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Heat Capacities ◽  
Cyclic Ethers ◽  
Apparent Molal Volumes ◽  
Cyclic Amines ◽  
Specific Heats ◽  
Molal Volumes ◽  
Mixed Aqueous Solvents ◽  
Structural Influence

The densities and volumetric specific heats of p-dioxane, tetrahydropyran, morpholine, piperidine, and piperazine were measured in water at 25 °C with a flow densimeter and a flow microcalorimeter. The same properties were also determined for LiCl, NaCl, Me4NBr, and Bu4NBr at 0.1 m in dioxane–water, morpholine–water, and piperidine–water mixtures. The derived apparent molal volumes and heat capacities of the nonelectrolytes in water and the transfer functions of the electrolytes from water to the mixed solvent suggest that all the present cyclic amines and ethers are hydrophobic; the overall structural influence is very small with dioxane and large with piperidine.

Apparent molal volumes and heat capacities of some alkali halides and tetraalkylammonium bromides in aqueoustert-butanol solutions

1975 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
L�von Av�dikian ◽  
G�rald Perron ◽  
Jacques E. Desnoyers
Keyword(s):  
Alkali Halides ◽  
Heat Capacities ◽  
Tetraalkylammonium Bromides ◽  
Apparent Molal Volumes ◽  
Molal Volumes

Volumes and Heat Capacities of Transfer of Tetraalkylammonium Bromides from Water to Aqueous Urea Solutions at 25 °C

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Philip ◽  
J. E. Desnoyers ◽  
A. Hade
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Heat Capacities ◽  
Tetraalkylammonium Bromides ◽  
Apparent Molal Volumes ◽  
Aqueous Urea ◽  
Molal Volumes

The apparent molal volumes and heat capacities of tetraalkylammonium bromides were measured in urea–water mixtures at 25 °C. The volumes and heat capacities of transfer from water to urea-water mixtures indicate that structural hydration effects are smaller in urea–water mixtures than in water. Also a comparison with the corresponding transfer functions from H2O to D2O suggests that urea–water mixtures are less structured than pure water.

Apparent molal heat capacities of transfer from H2O to D2O of tetraalkylammonium bromides

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Philip ◽  
J. E. Desnoyers
Keyword(s):  
Heat Capacities ◽  
Tetraalkylammonium Bromides ◽  
Apparent Molal Heat Capacities

Modeling of Mass-Spring-Damper System by Complex Stiffness Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 983 ◽  
pp. 420-423
Author(s):  
Sheng Guo Zhang ◽  
Xiao Ping Dang
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Stiffness Method ◽  
In Series ◽  
Equivalent Complex ◽  
Mass Spring

This paper aims at directly modeling the transfer functions of mass-spring-damper systems. Using complex stiffness of mass, spring, and damper elements and equivalent complex stiffness of these elements in series and/or in parallel, the transfer functions of the mass-spring-damper systems are modeled quickly. This is very convenient to the modeling of the complicated mechanical systems.

Heat capacities and volumes in aqueous polymer and polymer–surfactant solutions

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 990-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérald Perron ◽  
Josée Francoeur ◽  
Jacques E. Desnoyers ◽  
Jan C. T. Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Heat Capacities ◽  
Aqueous Mixtures ◽  
Alkyltrimethylammonium Bromides ◽  
Aqueous Polymer ◽  
Surfactant Interactions ◽  
Polymer Surfactant ◽  
Polymer Interaction

The apparent molar volumes and heat capacities of aqueous mixtures of neutral polymers and ionic surfactants were measured at 25 °C. The polymers chosen were poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and poly(ethyleneoxide) (PEO) and the surfactants were the C8, C10, and C12 homologs of sodium alkylsulfates and the C10, C12, and C16 homologs of alkyltrimethylammonium bromides. The polymer–surfactant interactions depend on the nature of both components and on the chain length of the surfactant. The thermodynamic properties of the cationic surfactants are essentially the same in the absence and presence of polymer indicating little surfactant–polymer interaction. On the other hand, the thermodynamic properties of anionic surfactants are shifted, upon the addition of polymers, in the direction of enhanced hydrophobic association. The effect increases with the surfactant chain length and with the polymer concentration. The effect is larger with PVP than with PEO.

Experimental determination of the kinematic viscosity of glycerol-water mixtures

1994 ◽  
Vol 444 (1922) ◽  
pp. 573-581 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Liquid State ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Glycerol Water ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
Comparative Accuracy ◽  
Water Glycerol

We have measured the kinematic viscosity of glycerol-water mixtures, for glycerol mass fractions ranging from 0 to 1, in the temperature range 10-50 °C. The measurements were made by using a series of Ubbelohde viscometers. Apart from comprehensiveness and comparative accuracy the present measurements expose serious errors in the limited data that were earlier available on such mixtures. It is shown that all the data can be reasonably represented by the empirical correlation (In ν m - In ν w )/(In ν g - In ν w ) = x g [1 + (1 - x g ) { a + bx g + cx g 2 }], where ν w , v g and ν m are the kinematic viscosities of water, glycerol and the mixture respectively and x g is the mass fraction of glycerol in the mixture. The constants a, b and c are tabulated in the paper as functions of temperature. This correlation can now be used at a given temperature to tailor make a mixture of prescribed kinematic viscosity. While this paper is addressed, principally, to fluid dynamicists these results should be of interest to physicists studying the liquid state and physical chemists interested in mixtures.

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