A general synthesis of 5,7-diaminoimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine ribosides ("2-amino-1-deazaadenosines") from 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICA riboside)

A short general synthesis of 5-substituted 5,7-diaminoimidazo[4,5-b]pyridines from 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICA riboside) was designed to prepare isosteres of substituted 2-aminoadenosines that are selective adenosine A2 receptor agonists. AICA riboside was converted to a hydroxyl-protected 5-amino-4-imidazolecarbonitrile riboside and reacted with an N,N-disubstituted acetamide in the presence of phosphoryl chloride. Sodium hydride treatment completed the ring closure and introduced the 7-amino group. The hydroxyl protecting groups were removed under standard conditions. N-Substitution of the acetamide by one benzyl moiety led to a 5-N-substituted derivative through hydrogenolysis whereas N,N-dibenzylacetamide led to the 5,7-diamino compound. A 6-methyl analog was obtained from an N,N-disubstituted propionamide. This synthesis may be adapted to other heterocyclic systems, as illustrated by the preparation of an example of the imidazo[4,5-b]pyrrolo[3,2-e]pyridine ring system.