Characterization of a clinicalVibrio choleraeO139 isolate from Mexico

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salina Parveen ◽  
Samuel R Farrah ◽  
Celia Gonzalez-Bonilla ◽  
Altagracia V Zamudio ◽  
Mark L Tamplin
Keyword(s):  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O139 ◽  
A Subunit ◽  
El Tor

Pathogenic strains of Vibrio cholerae O139 possess the cholera toxin A subunit (ctxA) gene as well as the gene for toxin co-regulated pili (tcpA). We report the isolation of a ctxA-negative, tcpA-negative V. cholerae O139 strain (INDRE1) from a patient in Mexico diagnosed with gastrointestinal illness. Certain phenotypic characteristics of this strain were identical to those of V. cholerae O1 biotype El Tor. Unlike ctxA-positive V. cholerae O139 strains, this strain was sensitive to a wide panel of antibiotics, including ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, furazolidone, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and streptomycin, but was resistant to polymyxin B. Ribotype and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles of INDRE1 differed from those of ctxA-positive V. cholerae O139 and other V. cholerae strains. Phenotypic characteristics of the Mexico strain were similar to those reported for V. cholerae O139 isolates from Argentina and Sri Lanka.Key words: Vibrio cholerae O139, cholera toxin, ctxA, tcpA.

Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal isolated from India, Bangladesh and Thailand are clonal as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisao Kurazono ◽  
Jun Okuda ◽  
Yoshifumi Takeda ◽  
G. Balakrish Nair ◽  
M.J. Albert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O139

scholarly journals Phenotypic and Genotypic Characteristics and Epidemiological Significance of ctx+ Strains of Vibrio cholerae Isolated from Seafood in Malaysia

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1964-1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Hsien Chen ◽  
Toshio Shimada ◽  
Nasreldin Elhadi ◽  
Son Radu ◽  
Mitsuaki Nishibuchi
Keyword(s):  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Pcr Ribotyping ◽  
Electrophoresis Method ◽  
Toxigenic Strains ◽  
Arbitrarily Primed Pcr ◽  
Genotypic Characteristics

ABSTRACT Of 97 strains of Vibrio cholerae isolated from various seafoods in Malaysia in 1998 and 1999, 20 strains carried the ctx gene and produced cholera toxin. Fourteen, one, and five of these toxigenic strains belonged to the O139, O1 Ogawa, and rough serotypes, respectively. The rough strains had the rfb gene of the O1 serotype. The toxigenic strains varied in their biochemical characteristics, the amount of cholera toxin produced, their antibiograms, and the presence or absence of the pTLC plasmid sequence. DNA fingerprinting analysis by arbitrarily primed PCR, ribotyping, and a pulsed-field gel electrophoresis method classified the toxigenic strains into 3, 7, and 10 types, respectively. The relatedness of these toxigenic strains to clinical strains isolated in other countries and from international travelers was examined by using a dendrogram constructed from the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles. The results of the examination of the antibiogram and the possession of the toxin-linked cryptic plasmid were consistent with the dendrogram-based relatedness: the O139 strains isolated from Malaysian seafoods could be separated into two groups that appear to have been introduced from the Bengal area independently. The rough strains of Malaysian seafood origin formed one group and belonged to a cluster unique to the Thailand-Malaysia-Laos region, and this group may have persisted in this area for a long period. The single O1 Ogawa strain detected in Malaysian seafood appears to have an origin and route of introduction different from those of the O139 and the rough strains.

scholarly journals Resurgent Vibrio cholerae O139: Rearrangement of Cholera Toxin Genetic Elements and Amplification ofrrn Operon

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopal Khetawat ◽  
Rupak K. Bhadra ◽  
Suvobroto Nandi ◽  
Jyotirmoy Das
Keyword(s):  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Direct Repeat ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Genetic Elements ◽  
Restriction Sites ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O139 ◽  
El Tor

ABSTRACT The unprecedented genesis of a novel non-O1 Vibrio cholerae strain belonging to serogroup O139, which caused an epidemic in late 1992 in the Indian subcontinent, and its subsequent displacement by El Tor O1 vibrios after 18 months initiated a renewed investigation of the aspects of the organism that are related to pathogenesis. The reappearance of V. cholerae O139 with altered antibiotic sensitivity compared to O139 Bengal (O139B) in late 1996 has complicated the epidemiological scenario of V. cholerae and has necessitated an examination of possible rearrangements in the genome underlying such rapid changes in the phenotypic traits. With a view to investigating whether the phenotypic changes that have occurred are associated with alteration in the genome, the genome of the resurgent V. cholerae O139 (O139R) strains were examined. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of NotI- and SfiI-digested genomic DNA of O139R isolates showed restriction fragment length polymorphism including in the cholera toxin (CTX) genetic element locus and with O139B isolates. Analyses of the organization of the CTX genetic elements in O139R strains showed that in contrast to two copies of the elements connected by two direct-repeat sequences (RS) in most of the genomes of O139B isolates, the genomes of all O139R strains examined, except strain AS192, have three such elements connected by a single RS. While the RS present in the upstream of the CTX genetic elements in the genome of O139R is of O139B origin, the RS connecting the cores of the elements has several new restriction sites and has lost theBglII site which is supposed to be conserved in all O1 strains and O139B. The endonuclease I-CeuI, which has sites only in the rrn operons in the genomes of all organisms examined so far, has 10 sites in the genomes of O139R strains, compared to 9 in the genomes of O139B strains. The recent isolates of V. cholerae O139 have thus gained one rrn operon. This variation in the number of rrn operons within a serogroup has not been reported for any other organism. The results presented in this report suggest that like the pathogenic El Tor O1 strains, the genomes of O139 strains are undergoing rapid alterations.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of High-Level-Cholera-Toxin-Producing El Tor Variant Vibrio cholerae Strains in the Zanzibar Archipelago of Tanzania

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 1040-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Naha ◽  
G. Chowdhury ◽  
J. Ghosh-Banerjee ◽  
M. Senoh ◽  
T. Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
High Level ◽  
El Tor

scholarly journals Emergence of Vibrio cholerae O1 Biotype El Tor Serotype Inaba from the Prevailing O1 Ogawa Serotype Strains in India

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 4249-4253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pallavi Garg ◽  
Ranjan K. Nandy ◽  
Papiya Chaudhury ◽  
Nandini Roy Chowdhury ◽  
Keya De ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

The toxigenic Inaba serotype of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor reappeared in India in 1998 and 1999, almost 10 years after its last dominance in Calcutta in 1989. Extensive molecular characterization by ribotyping, restriction fragment length polymorphism, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis indicated that recent Inaba strains are remarkably different from the earlier Inaba strains but are very similar to the prevailing V. choleraeO1 Ogawa El Tor biotype strains. The antibiograms of the Inaba strains were also similar to those of the recent V. cholerae Ogawa strains. These V. cholerae O1 Inaba strains appear to have evolved from the currently prevailing Ogawa strains and are likely to dominate in the coming years.

scholarly journals Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis-Based Molecular Comparison of Vibrio cholerae O1 Isolates from Domestic and Imported Cases of Cholera in Japan

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 424-426
Author(s):  
Eiji Arakawa ◽  
Toshiyuki Murase ◽  
Shigeru Matsushita ◽  
Toshio Shimada ◽  
Shiro Yamai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Molecular Comparison ◽  
Pulse Type ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽  
El Tor

ABSTRACT Sixty-seven Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor isolates (36 domestic and 31 imported) were classified into 19 subtypes by Not I- and Sfi I-digested pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Twenty-five of 36 domestic and 4 imported isolates were assigned to a Not I-A1– Sfi I-A1 subtype, suggesting that this pulse type is widely distributed in Asia and Japan.

scholarly journals Characterization of cholera outbreak isolates from Namibia, December 2006 to February 2007

2007 ◽  
Vol 136 (9) ◽  
pp. 1207-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. SMITH ◽  
K. H. KEDDY ◽  
L. De WEE
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Cholera Outbreak ◽  
Single Strain ◽  
Fingerprint Pattern ◽  
El Tor ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

SUMMARYWe report on the first recorded outbreak of cholera in Namibia. From December 2006 to February 2007, more than 250 cases of cholera were reported from the Omusati and Kunene provinces of Namibia. However, only nine bacterial isolates were obtainable for analysis. Isolates were all identified as Vibrio cholerae O1 serotype Inaba biotype El Tor. All isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, augmentin, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, kanamycin, imipenem, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime; and they all showed resistance to trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole and streptomycin. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of bacteria incorporating either SfiI or NotI digestion revealed an identical fingerprint pattern for all isolates. These data together with results indicating identical antimicrobial susceptibility profiles for all isolates determined that the outbreak was caused by a single strain of V. cholerae.

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