scholarly journals Phenotypic and Genotypic Characteristics and Epidemiological Significance of ctx+ Strains of Vibrio cholerae Isolated from Seafood in Malaysia

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1964-1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Hsien Chen ◽  
Toshio Shimada ◽  
Nasreldin Elhadi ◽  
Son Radu ◽  
Mitsuaki Nishibuchi
Keyword(s):  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Pcr Ribotyping ◽  
Electrophoresis Method ◽  
Toxigenic Strains ◽  
Arbitrarily Primed Pcr ◽  
Genotypic Characteristics

ABSTRACT Of 97 strains of Vibrio cholerae isolated from various seafoods in Malaysia in 1998 and 1999, 20 strains carried the ctx gene and produced cholera toxin. Fourteen, one, and five of these toxigenic strains belonged to the O139, O1 Ogawa, and rough serotypes, respectively. The rough strains had the rfb gene of the O1 serotype. The toxigenic strains varied in their biochemical characteristics, the amount of cholera toxin produced, their antibiograms, and the presence or absence of the pTLC plasmid sequence. DNA fingerprinting analysis by arbitrarily primed PCR, ribotyping, and a pulsed-field gel electrophoresis method classified the toxigenic strains into 3, 7, and 10 types, respectively. The relatedness of these toxigenic strains to clinical strains isolated in other countries and from international travelers was examined by using a dendrogram constructed from the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles. The results of the examination of the antibiogram and the possession of the toxin-linked cryptic plasmid were consistent with the dendrogram-based relatedness: the O139 strains isolated from Malaysian seafoods could be separated into two groups that appear to have been introduced from the Bengal area independently. The rough strains of Malaysian seafood origin formed one group and belonged to a cluster unique to the Thailand-Malaysia-Laos region, and this group may have persisted in this area for a long period. The single O1 Ogawa strain detected in Malaysian seafood appears to have an origin and route of introduction different from those of the O139 and the rough strains.

scholarly journals Comparison of PCR-Ribotyping, Arbitrarily Primed PCR, and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis for Typing Clostridium difficile

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 2484-2487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Bidet ◽  
Valérie Lalande ◽  
Béatrice Salauze ◽  
Béatrice Burghoffer ◽  
Véronique Avesani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Dna Degradation ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Discriminatory Power ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Nosocomial Diarrhea ◽  
Pcr Ribotyping ◽  
Arbitrarily Primed Pcr ◽  
Typing Tool

Clostridium difficile is now recognized as the major agent responsible for nosocomial diarrhea in adults. Among the genotyping methods available, arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR), PCR-ribotyping, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) have been widely used for investigating outbreaks of C. difficileinfections. However, the comparative typing ability, reproducibility, discriminatory power, and efficiency of these methods have not been fully investigated. We compared the results of three methods—AP-PCR with three different primers (AP3, AP4, and AP5), PCR-ribotyping, and PFGE (with SmaI endonuclease)—to differentiate 99 strains of C. difficile that had been previously serogrouped. Typing abilities were 100% for PCR-ribotyping and AP-PCR with AP3 and 90% for PFGE, due to early DNA degradation in strains from serogroup G. Reproducibilities were 100% for PCR-ribotyping and PFGE but only 88% for AP-PCR with AP3, 67% for AP-PCR with AP4, and 33% for AP-PCR with AP5. Discriminatory power for unrelated strains was >0.95 for all the methods but was lower for PCR-ribotyping among serogroups D and C. PCR-based methods were easier and quicker to perform, but their fingerprints were more difficult to interpret than those of PFGE. We conclude that PCR-ribotyping offers the best combination of advantages as an initial typing tool for C. difficile.

Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal isolated from India, Bangladesh and Thailand are clonal as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisao Kurazono ◽  
Jun Okuda ◽  
Yoshifumi Takeda ◽  
G. Balakrish Nair ◽  
M.J. Albert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O139

Identification of Enterococcus faecalis in Different Clonal Lineages with the Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Method in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ilam, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzad Mohamadi ◽  
Jalil Vand Yousefi ◽  
Naser Harzandi ◽  
Sobhan Ghafourian
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Vana Gene ◽  
Electrophoresis Method ◽  
Typing Methods ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Due to the importance of identifying the source of infectious agents, different typing methods have been developed, among which the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) method is known as the gold standard for bacteria. Also, Enterococcus faecalis is classified as a nosocomial infection. Objectives: The current study aimed to identify the source of E. faecalis by the PFGE method. Methods: Bacteria were collected from all cases of urinary tract infections. Then, the identification process was performed. All isolates were evaluated for vancomycin resistance, and then PFGE was carried out. Results: The results of disk diffusion showed that 54% of the isolates showed resistance to vancomycin. Also, 4% of the isolates were intermediate, and 42% showed sensitivity to vancomycin. Afterwards, the PCR of the VanA gene was performed to confirm the results of disk diffusion. Thus, 48 out of 54 (88.8%) isolates had the VanA gene, and none of the four intermediate isolates had the VanA gene. Our results demonstrated that 54 isolates were vancomycin-resistant, and 50 different pulsotypes groups were identified. Conclusions: Our findings showed the isolates of E. faecalis were from different clonal lineages.

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