Bark beetles and fungal associates colonizing white spruce in the Great Lakes region

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1137-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten E Haberkern ◽  
Barbara L Illman ◽  
Kenneth F Raffa
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
Dryocoetes Affaber ◽  
Fungal Associations ◽  
Emerging Insects

We examined the major bark beetles and associated fungi colonizing subcortical tissues of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) in the Great Lakes region. Trees were felled at one northwestern Wisconsin site in a preliminary study in 1997 and at 10 sites throughout northern Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Michigan in 1998. Fungal isolations were made from beetles colonizing felled trees, beetles that emerged from felled trees, tissue of colonized trees, and tissue of uncolonized trees. Dryocoetes affaber (Mannerheim) and Polygraphus rufipennis (Kirby) accounted for over 90% of the insects that emerged from logs. Time of colonization had a significant effect on abundance and composition of emerging insects. New records include Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby) in Wisconsin and two Michigan counties and Crypturgus borealis (Swaine) in Wisconsin and Minnesota and one Michigan county. Five fungal species from two genera were isolated both from beetles and colonized tree tissue. None were isolated from uncolonized trees. Ten new beetle–fungal associations were identified. The association of specific fungi with specific bark beetles, both as they colonize and emerge from hosts and the isolation of these fungi from subcortical tissues of colonized but not uncolonized trees, is consistent with vector relationships. We compare our results with bark beetle – fungal associations reported elsewhere in spruce and suggest possible mechanisms constraining population growth by Dendroctonus rufipennis in the Great Lakes region.

SCOLYTID FLIGHT IN WHITE SPRUCE STANDS IN ALASKA

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (12) ◽  
pp. 1977-1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy C. Beckwith
Keyword(s):  
White Spruce ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Trypodendron Lineatum ◽  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
Kenai Peninsula ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Dryocoetes Affaber ◽  
Spruce Stands

AbstractWithin white spruce stands near Fairbanks, Alaska, and on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, Dendroctonus rufipennis, Ips spp., and Trypodendron lineatum disperse in late May and early June; other scolytids fly during June and July. Flight in interior Alaska precedes by about 2 weeks that on the Kenai Peninsula. Mean daily temperatures during spring and early summer are generally warmer in the interior than in coastal areas. There was a large increase in the total number of beetles in a thinned area, mostly of Dryocoetes affaber.

Regenerating white spruce, paper birch, and willow in south-central Alaska

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 993-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
E C Cole ◽  
M Newton ◽  
A Youngblood
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
South Central ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
Paper Birch

The current spruce bark beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby) epidemic in interior Alaska is leaving large expanses of dead spruce with little spruce regeneration. Many of these areas are habitat for moose (Alces alces). To establish spruce regeneration and improve browse production for moose, paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh), willow (Salix spp.), and three stocktypes (plug+1 bareroot, and 1+0 plugs from two nurseries) of white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) were planted in freshly cutover areas on Fort Richardson, near Anchorage. Four vegetation-management treatments were compared: broadcast site preparation with herbicides, banded site preparation with herbicides, mechanical scarification, and untreated control. Spruce seedlings had the greatest growth in the broadcast site preparation treatment (p < 0.01). Stocktype was the most important factor in spruce growth, with bareroot transplant seedlings being the tallest and largest 5 years after planting (p < 0.001). In the first 3 years, relative stem volume growth was greater for plug seedlings than for bareroot seedlings (p < 0.001). By year 4, relative growth rates were similar among all stocktypes. Treatment effects for paper birch and willow were confounded by moose browsing. Results indicate spruce can be regenerated and moose browse enhanced simultaneously in forests in interior Alaska.

Cold-hardiness of adult and larval spruce beetles Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby) in interior Alaska

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 2927-2930 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Keith Miller ◽  
Richard A. Werner
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
Interior Alaska

Dendroctonus rufipennis, a serious insect pest causing periodic widespread damage to mature white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) stands in Alaska, was studied to determine if either larvae or adults were freezing-tolerant. Mean supercooling points in both larvae and adults dropped from −12 °C in summer to about −31 °C in winter. The decrease in supercooling points in larvae was closely associated with synthesis of glycerol, but the decline in adult supercooling points partially preceded the synthesis of glycerol in the fall. Winter glycerol levels reached 3 molal. Neither larvae nor adults were freezing-tolerant at any time of the year. Measurement of temperatures beneath the bark of standing spruce showed that only beetles hibernating below the snowline would be expected to survive a typical winter.

Microfungus communities of white spruce and trembling aspen logs at different stages of decay in disturbed and undisturbed sites in the boreal mixedwood region of Alberta

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor C Lumley ◽  
L Dennis Gignac ◽  
Randolph S Currah
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Mitosporic Fungi ◽  
Northern Alberta ◽  
Isolated Species

Fallen logs of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) at various stages of decomposition were sampled from undisturbed and 1-, 14-, and 28-year-old post-fire and post-harvest sites in northern Alberta and studied for differences in the associated microfungus communities. Wood samples were plated directly onto each of six different media and, from these, fungal species were identified and enumerated over a 24-month period. Approximately 10 000 isolates were obtained, representing 292 species of filamentous microfungi, including 41 ascomycetes, 29 zygomycetes, and 222 mitosporic fungi. The most commonly isolated species were Trichoderma viride (Gray) Pers., Rhinocladiella atrovirens Nannf., Penicillium pinophilum Hedgcock, and Mortierella ramanniana (Moller) Linnem. Cluster analysis and ordination of microfungus communities in logs showed that the tree species of the log had the greatest influence on the species composition of communities. Fungus community composition was also correlated with the stage of decomposition. Species richness was highest in logs from undisturbed sites and lowest in logs from the most recently disturbed sites. Species diversity (Shannon-Weaver) was only slightly higher at undisturbed sites than at disturbed sites. The most significant environmental factor was log moisture, which increased proportionately with stage of decomposition and was significantly correlated with climatic factors.Key words: ecology, fungi, ordination, succession, species richness, diversity.

Pezizella chapmanii n.sp., a discomycete associated with bark beetle galleries in western conifers

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 888-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Whitney ◽  
A. Funk
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Agar Culture ◽  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
Conidial State

Pezizella chapmanii n.sp. (Helotiales) is described from apothecia found in the galleries of various bark beetles in conifers of western Canada; viz., Dendroctonus rufipennis Kirby galleries in Picea glauca (Moench) Voss; D. ponderosae Hopkins galleries in Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelmann and in P. ponderosa Laws.; D. murrayanae Hopkins galleries in P. contorta var. latifolia; and D. pseudotsugae Hopkins galleries in Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco. In agar culture, a prominent Malbranchea conidial state is produced.

Co-baiting for spruce beetles, Dendroctonus rufipennis, and western balsam bark beetles, Dryocoetes confusus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew E Greenwood ◽  
John H Borden
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Picea Engelmannii ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Dendroctonus Rufipennis ◽  
Alpha Pinene ◽  
Dryocoetes Confusus ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Spruce Beetle

Co-baiting to contain and concentrate the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby), and the western balsam bark beetle, Dryocoetes confusus Swaine, was investigated at four locations in British Columbia. Two 9-ha areas were established at each location; one was baited and the other left as a control. Single "interior firs," Abies bifolia A. Murray × Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt., or groups of two or three trees, were baited with (±)-exo-brevicomin released at 1.0 mg/24 h. "Interior spruces," Picea engelmannii Engelm. ex Parry × Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, were baited with frontalin released at 0.1, 0.6, or 2.5 mg/24 h, or at 0.6 mg/24 h with alpha-pinene, ethanol, or ethyl crotonate. Another experiment investigated possible interspecific interference between D. confusus and D. rufipennis baits. Ratios of currently attacked "green" trees to previously attacked "red" trees for both insects were significantly higher in baited than in control areas, indicating that populations were contained. Baiting, however, did not attract either insect from a zone surrounding each baited area. There was a significant increase in D. confusus attack when two trees instead of one were baited per centre, no increase in D. rufipennis attack when frontalin was released alone or with the potential adjuvants, no effect of frontalin release rates on the percentage of trees attacked by D. rufipennis, and no indication of cross-repellency between baits.

Testing the Accuracy of White Spruce Total-Tree Volume Equations

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Michael Rauscher ◽  
R. Bruce Harding
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Upper Great Lakes ◽  
Total Tree ◽  
Volume Equations

Abstract Sixteen equations developed for predicting the volume of white spruce were tested for accuracy on plantation-grown trees in the upper Great Lakes region. Ten equations were found biased and six unbiased; of the six unbiased equations, only three were also precise. Precise tree volume equations can predict to within 13% to 15% of the actual volumes as estimated by stem analyses. North. J. Appl. For. 10(3): 112-116.

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