Inability of glucagon to increase glomerular filtration rate in dogs with experimental cirrhosis and ascites

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mortimer Levy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Portal Cirrhosis ◽  
Intraarterial Infusion ◽  
Experimental Cirrhosis ◽  
Renal Hypoperfusion

In marked contradistinction to the normal dog, to the dog with renal hypoperfusion, or to the chronic caval dog with ascites, the intravenous infusion of glucagon at 5 μg/min to dogs with experimental portal cirrhosis and ascites does not increase glomerular filtration rate or renal blood flow. In eight experimental dogs who did not respond to glucagon, a marked natriuresis was observed in response to furosemide and a marked renal vasodilator response was seen following the intraarterial infusion of acetylcholine. Because plasma immunoreactive glucagon levels are increased fivefold in cirrhotic dogs, it is suggested that continuous high levels of this peptide render the animals insensitive to the effects of an exogenous infusion.

Genetic co-segregation of renal haemodynamics and blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Harrap ◽  
A. E. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive

1. To determine the relevance of renal circulatory abnormalities found in the immature spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) to the genetic hypertensive process, glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow were measured in conscious F2 rats, derived from crossbreeding SHR and normotensive Wistar–Kyoto rats (WKY), at 4, 11 and 16 weeks of age by determining the renal clearances of 51Cr-ethylenediaminetetra-acetate and 125I-hippuran respectively. Plasma renin activity was measured at 11 and 16 weeks of age. 2. Mean arterial pressure, glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow increased between 4 and 11 weeks of age. Between 11 and 16 weeks the mean glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow did not alter, although the mean arterial pressure rose significantly. At 11 weeks of age, during the developmental phase of hypertension, a significant negative correlation between mean arterial pressure and both glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow was noted. However, by 16 weeks when the manifestations of genetic hypertension were more fully expressed, no correlation between mean arterial pressure and renal blood flow or glomerular filtration rate was observed. Plasma renin activity was negatively correlated with both glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow, but the relationship was stronger at 11 than at 16 weeks of age. 3. These results suggest that the reduction in renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate, found in immature SHR, is genetically linked to the hypertension and may be of primary pathogenetic importance. It is proposed that the increased renal vascular resistance in these young animals stimulates the rise of systemic arterial pressure which returns renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate to normal.

Renal Blood Flow, Glomerular Filtration Rate, and Renal Oxygenation in Early Clinical Septic Shock*

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. e560-e566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Skytte Larsson ◽  
Vitus Krumbholz ◽  
Anders Enskog ◽  
Gudrun Bragadottir ◽  
Bengt Redfors ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate

Use of a thermal pulse decay system to assess avian renal blood flow during reduced renal arterial perfusion pressure

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (1) ◽  
pp. R90-R98 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Wideman ◽  
R. P. Glahn ◽  
W. G. Bottje ◽  
K. R. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Portal Flow ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
Restricted Group

Using a simplified avian kidney model, renal arterial perfusion pressure (RAPP) was reduced from 120 (control) to 70 mmHg (near the glomerular filtration rate autoregulatory limit) and then to 46 mmHg (below the glomerular filtration rate autoregulatory range) in kidneys with ambient or partially restricted renal portal flow. Renal blood flow (RBF) was measured with a thermal pulse decay (TPD) system, using TPD thermistor probes inserted at three locations to evaluate regional differences in RBF. The clearance (CPAH) and extraction of p-aminohippuric acid were used to calculate renal plasma flow (RPF). CPAH, RPF, and RBF values were consistently lower for kidneys with restricted portal flow than for kidneys with ambient portal flow. Reducing RAPP to 46 mmHg did not significantly reduce CPAH, RPF, or RBF in the ambient group but did significantly reduce CPAH and RPF (regressed on RAPP) in the restricted group. RBF was not significantly affected when RAPP was reduced in the restricted group, although significant regional differences in blood flow were recorded. Renal vascular resistance decreased significantly as RAPP was reduced to 46 mmHg in the ambient group, confirming the renal autoregulatory response. In separate validation studies, significant reductions in RBF were detected by the TPD system during acute obstructions of portal and/or arterial flow. Overall, the results support previous evidence that avian RBF remains constant over a wide range of RAPPs. Observations of nonuniform intrarenal distributions of portal blood flow suggest that the portal system maintains the constancy of RBF in regions with proportionately high portal-to-arterial flow ratios.

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