Relative abilities to correct rolling disturbances of three morphologically different fish

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 2156-2163 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Eidietis ◽  
T L Forrester ◽  
P W Webb
Keyword(s):  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Semotilus Atromaculatus ◽  
Buoyant Weight ◽  
S Period ◽  
Creek Chub ◽  
Metacentric Height ◽  
Neutrally Buoyant

Responses of three fish species were measured following the addition of neutrally buoyant weight-float combinations that increased rolling instability. The three species were creek chub, Semotilus atromaculatus, largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, and bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus. Ability to correct posture was predicted to increase with fin size and body depth in the order creek chub < largemouth bass < bluegill. In a 90-s period, the least added torque causing fish to roll to 90° in response to disturbances, ΔT90, and the least added torque making fish unable to recover from rolling, ΔTcrit, were measured as limits of ability to correct postural disturbances. Contrary to expectations, creek chub required a 58% increase in body torque to reach ΔT90, significantly larger than the 11% increase for largemouth bass and 19% increase for bluegill. Similarly, ΔTcrit was a 78% increase in body torque for creek chub, 43% for largemouth bass, and 34% for bluegill. Increased rolling torques resulted in behaviors reducing and avoiding rolling, including tilting, which reduces metacentric height, inverted swimming, which stabilizes fish, and contacting surfaces, which generates static forces. The superior ability of creek chub to correct postural disturbances may be explained by a fin arrangement that facilitates interactions with the ground.

Historical Changes in Large River Fish Assemblages of the Americas

2005 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Fish Assemblage ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Large River ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

<em>Abstract.</em>—An investigation of historical fisheries information for pools 4–13 of the upper Mississippi River (UMR) was conducted to 1) determine the pre-1938 relative abundance and distribution of bluegill <em>Lepomis macrochirus </em>and largemouth bass <em>Micropterus salmoides, </em>2) determine the composition and relative abundance of the preimpoundment fish assemblage, and 3) determine if a shift in frequency of occurrence and relative abundance has occurred due to impoundment.

Effects of Cage Culture on Growth, Abundance, and Survival of Resident Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj V. Kilambi ◽  
James C. Adams ◽  
William A. Wickizer
Keyword(s):  
Stomach Content ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Cage Culture ◽  
Content Analyses ◽  
Culture Growth

Growth, population size, and survival of resident largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were estimated before, during, and after the cage culture of Salmo gairdneri and Ictalurus punctatus. Growth in length, length–weight relationship, and condition factor were similar among the periods; however, abundance and survival of largemouth bass increased through the 3 yr of investigation. Stomach content analyses showed that the bass fed on fishes (mostly Lepomis macrochirus), crayfish, insects, and zooplankton (predominantly entomostracans). Increase in the standing crops of L. macrochirus and entomostracans during the study periods have provided forage to the increased bass population and thus resulted in greater survival of the young and adult bass of the cage culture and postcage culture periods. Key words: largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, cage culture, growth, abundance, survival

Prey handling time in two piscivores, Esox americanus vermiculatus and Micropterus salmoides, with contrasting mouth morphologies

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 540-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Hoyle ◽  
Allen Keast
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Mouth Width ◽  
Prey Handling

An experimental study was carried out on prey handling time (from initial seizure of prey to completion of swallowing movements) in the grass pickerel (Esox americanus vermiculatus), using bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) as prey. Esox differs from the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), which was studied previously, in having a more specialized dentition. It was found that for individuals of the same mouth width (20 mm), handling time was 40–80% less in Esox for bluegill prey of total length 20–50 mm. Further, "optimal" and maximum size of prey consumed were 56 and 46% larger, respectively, for the esocid. The results are also related to body weight and age in Esox and Micropterus and the ecological significance of the findings is discussed.

Effect of introduced piscivores on native minnow communities in Adirondack lakes

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 570-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Scott Findlay ◽  
Daniel G Bert ◽  
Ligang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Smallmouth Bass ◽  
Micropterus Dolomieu ◽  
Semotilus Atromaculatus ◽  
Rhinichthys Atratulus ◽  
Adirondack Lakes ◽  
Pimephales Notatus ◽  
Creek Chub

We compared the minnow assemblages of Adirondack lakes with top piscivores with those of lakes having similar physiochemical and biotic characteristics but no top piscivores using a subset of data collected from 1984 to 87 by the Adirondack Lake Survey Corporation. Native minnow richness in lakes with top piscivores was about one third that of lakes without piscivores, with piscivore assemblages dominated by introduced species such as northern pike (Esox lucius), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), and smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu). There was strong evidence that at least four minnow species, including creek chub (Semotilus atromaculatus), northern redbelly dace (Phoxinus eos), blacknose dace (Rhinichthys atratulus), and common shiner (Luxilus cornutus), were less likely to occur in lakes with piscivores; for a fifth species (pearl dace (Margariscus margarita)), the evidence is suggestive but not as strong. Of 13 minnow species, only for two nonnative species (bluntnose minnow (Pimephales notatus) and golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas)) was there strong evidence that their occurrence was unaffected by the presence of introduced piscivores. These results add to the growing body of evidence that the introduction of top piscivores to small temperate lakes puts native minnow communities at high extinction risk.

Cadmium and zinc in muscle of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) from an industrially contaminated lake

1978 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian R. Murphy ◽  
Gary J. Atchison ◽  
Alan W. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus

Morphological basis of kinematic diversity in feeding sunfishes

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (22) ◽  
pp. 3101-3110 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.C. Wainwright ◽  
S.S. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Scaling Exponents ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Centrarchid Fishes

The effects of differences among species in the scaling of lower jaw levers on the scaling of prey-capture kinematics are explored in three species of centrarchid fishes. We consider the jaw opening and closing lever systems and calculate the consequences of differences in the scaling of the in-levers for the scaling of the time taken to open the mouth (T(o)) and the time taken to close the mouth (T(c)) during prey capture. Predictions of T(o) and T(c), based on differences in the scaling of jaw in-levers, are compared with the observed scaling of T(o) and T(c) in three centrarchid fishes. Video recordings (200 and 400 images s(−)(1)) were made of prey capture in largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (33–206 mm standard length, SL), spotted sunfish Lepomis punctatus (24–145 mm SL) and bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus (24–220 mm SL), and the fastest values of T(o) and T(c) were taken from the fastest recorded feeding event for each fish. The scaling exponents of T(o) and T(c) regressed on fish SL for largemouth bass were 0.592 and 0.572, respectively. Exponents observed for sunfishes were not significantly different from predicted values, based on scaling exponents in largemouth bass and interspecific differences in jaw lever proportions. Two conclusions are emphasized. First, between 25 and 220 mm SL, the time taken to open and close the mouth during the strike increases with body size in all three species, suggesting a general pattern for this family. Second, evolutionary changes in jaw lever mechanics are a major determinant of the diversity of prey-capture kinematics in this sample of centrarchid fishes.

Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish: The Second International Symposium

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Morphology ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Choice Situation ◽  
Forward Movement ◽  
Pectoral Spine

<em>Abstract</em>.—We have been examining proximate (functional morphology) and ultimate factors (survival from predation) relating to the pectoral spine in channel catfish <em>Ictalurus punctatus</em>. We briefly review functional morphology of the spine in channel catfish and then add new data on morphology in other ictalurids, including interpretation of the relatively smooth anterior and armored posterior profiles of the spine, functions of the various pectoral spine muscles, and new details about the mechanism of stridulatory sound production. Binding, locking, and production of stridulation sounds by the spine utilize derived processes on the spine base (dorsal, anterior, and ventral processes) that mate with counterparts within the pectoral girdle. Stridulation sounds are produced as a series of individual pulses during a forward pectoral fin sweep (abduction), and we provide evidence that each pulse is produced by a small amplitude forward movement, a slip-stick movement similar to bowing a violin. An anti-predator adaptation can work as a deterrent that reduces the probability of attack and as a defense that reduces the risk of mortality. Previous work indicated that the spine functions in defense. Intact channel catfish have a threefold greater chance of surviving a session with a largemouth bass <em>Micropterus salmoides</em> predator as comparably sized individuals with clipped spines. The question of whether the spine reduces the probability of attack had not been investigated. We presented bluegills <em>Lepomis macrochirus</em> and channel catfish to largemouth bass and found that largemouth bass consume more bluegills than channel catfish in a choice situation. Thus, experience with the pectoral spines likely deters attack, particularly if other species are available, and the spine increases the probability of surviving attack by complicating ingestion and possibly by the production of distress calls. Survival advantages accruing from the spine appear to have lead to the evolution of complex adaptations that permit locking and sound production.

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