Prey handling time in two piscivores, Esox americanus vermiculatus and Micropterus salmoides, with contrasting mouth morphologies

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 540-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Hoyle ◽  
Allen Keast
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Mouth Width ◽  
Prey Handling

An experimental study was carried out on prey handling time (from initial seizure of prey to completion of swallowing movements) in the grass pickerel (Esox americanus vermiculatus), using bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) as prey. Esox differs from the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), which was studied previously, in having a more specialized dentition. It was found that for individuals of the same mouth width (20 mm), handling time was 40–80% less in Esox for bluegill prey of total length 20–50 mm. Further, "optimal" and maximum size of prey consumed were 56 and 46% larger, respectively, for the esocid. The results are also related to body weight and age in Esox and Micropterus and the ecological significance of the findings is discussed.

The effect of prey morphology and size on handling time in a piscivore, the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1972-1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Hoyle ◽  
Allen Keast
Keyword(s):  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Rana Catesbeiana ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Morphological Type ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Prey Length

Handling time for prey of different sizes and morphological types was studied in the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Prey ranged in size from about 1/10 to 2/3 the length of the bass. Handling time increased rapidly with prey of increasing size. For prey of equivalent length, crayfish were the most time-consuming morphological type to handle and swallow, followed by bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans), bluntnose minnow (Pimephales notatus), and finally bullfrog tadpoles (Rana catesbeiana). The ratio of prey length to bass length that minimized handling time per unit weight of prey consumed, for prey types common in the diet of largemouth bass, was 0.22 for tadpoles, 0.24 for yellow perch and crayfish, and 0.29 for bluegill. Comparison of the experimentally derived optimum prey size based on handling time with that consumed by three natural populations showed that bass commonly chose prey of similar or smaller size than the optimal predicted. The reasons for this are discussed.

Experimental Study of the Impacts of Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) on Pond Community Structure

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1171-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. David Hambright ◽  
Robert J. Trebatoski ◽  
Ray W. Drenner ◽  
Dean Kettle
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Daphnia Pulicaria ◽  
Community Impacts ◽  
Anabaena Sp ◽  
Ceriodaphnia Reticulata ◽  
Experimental Pond

We examined community impacts of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in a summer experimental pond study of factorial design with four treatment combinations (fishless, bluegill, largemouth bass, and bluegill with largemouth bass). Ceriodaphnia reticulata, Daphnia pulicaria, Chaoborus sp., Volvox sp., anisopteran and zygopteran nymphs, and dissolved oxygen levels were suppressed in the presence of bluegill. Diaptomus sp., Conochiloides sp., Cyclotellas sp., Navicula sp., Oocystis sp., Anabaena sp., Ceratium sp., algal fluorescence, turbidity, 5- to 12.7-μm particles, and total phosphorus and total nitrogen were enhanced in the presence of bluegill. Daphnia pulicaria was enhanced and Cyclotella sp. and Oocystis sp. were suppressed in the presence of largemouth bass. Although the effects of the two fish were not independent, as indicated by significant bluegill × largemouth bass interactions for some plankton taxa, we found little evidence of bluegill impacts being reversed by largemouth bass. While total bluegill biomass was reduced and bluegill biomass distributions were shifted toward larger individuals, bluegill remained abundant in the presence of largemouth bass.

Historical Changes in Large River Fish Assemblages of the Americas

2005 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Fish Assemblage ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Large River ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Abundance And Distribution

<em>Abstract.</em>—An investigation of historical fisheries information for pools 4–13 of the upper Mississippi River (UMR) was conducted to 1) determine the pre-1938 relative abundance and distribution of bluegill <em>Lepomis macrochirus </em>and largemouth bass <em>Micropterus salmoides, </em>2) determine the composition and relative abundance of the preimpoundment fish assemblage, and 3) determine if a shift in frequency of occurrence and relative abundance has occurred due to impoundment.

Effects of Cage Culture on Growth, Abundance, and Survival of Resident Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj V. Kilambi ◽  
James C. Adams ◽  
William A. Wickizer
Keyword(s):  
Stomach Content ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Condition Factor ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Cage Culture ◽  
Content Analyses ◽  
Culture Growth

Growth, population size, and survival of resident largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were estimated before, during, and after the cage culture of Salmo gairdneri and Ictalurus punctatus. Growth in length, length–weight relationship, and condition factor were similar among the periods; however, abundance and survival of largemouth bass increased through the 3 yr of investigation. Stomach content analyses showed that the bass fed on fishes (mostly Lepomis macrochirus), crayfish, insects, and zooplankton (predominantly entomostracans). Increase in the standing crops of L. macrochirus and entomostracans during the study periods have provided forage to the increased bass population and thus resulted in greater survival of the young and adult bass of the cage culture and postcage culture periods. Key words: largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, cage culture, growth, abundance, survival

Bioenergetics and growth of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in relation to body weight and temperature

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Niimi ◽  
F. W. H. Beamish
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Growth Requirements ◽  
Wet Weight

Changes in growth and proximate body composition of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were examined for fish of 8–150 g, between 18 and 30C. For most weights, growth of fish (grams/day) was highest at 25C, and lowest in fish at 18C. This was attributable in part to a higher satiation (maximum) feeding level at 25C. For a fixed level of feeding, growth rate (percentage wet weight/day) was highest for fish held at 18C.Lipid content (percentage wet weight) increased with feeding level and was highest at 18C, Moisture content varied inversely with lipid. Protein and ash content did not vary appreciably with temperature, body weight, or feeding level.Maintenance requirement of bass, expressed as grams/day, was about twice that lost during food deprivation, but only slightly different when expressed as kilocalories/day.Energy requirements for nonfecal losses were estimated as 10% of intake energy at all feeding levels. Standard metabolism accounted for 50% of intake energy near maintenance, but only 10% at the satiation feeding level. Growth requirements increased From zero at maintenance to 40% of intake energy at satiation feeding.

An Experimental Study of Consumption of Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus by Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides when Alternative Prey Are Available

Copeia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward N. Sismour ◽  
Shelley C. Nellis ◽  
Scott H. Newton ◽  
D'arcy Mays ◽  
Michael L. Fine
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Alternative Prey

Total nitrogen, nonprotein nitrogen, and protein content in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) with reference to quantitative protein estimates

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1607-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Niimi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Total Nitrogen Content ◽  
Nonprotein Nitrogen ◽  
Feeding Level

Nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) content in largemouth bass accounted for 9% of the total nitrogen content. This level was influenced by feeding level and probably body weight. A consideration for NPN is essential for quantitative protein estimates.

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