Excess posthypoxic oxygen consumption in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): recovery in normoxia and hypoxia

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Christian Svendsen ◽  
John Fleng Steffensen ◽  
Kim Aarestrup ◽  
Michael Frisk ◽  
Anne Etzerodt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Oxygen Availability ◽  
Severe Hypoxia ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Metabolic Recovery

Under certain conditions, a number of fish species may perform brief excursions into severe hypoxia and return to water with a higher oxygen content. The term severe hypoxia describes oxygen conditions that are below the critical oxygen saturation (Scrit), defined here as the oxygen threshold at which the standard metabolic rate becomes dependent upon the ambient oxygen content. Using rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792), this study quantified the excess posthypoxic oxygen consumption (EPHOC) occurring after exposure to oxygen availability below Scrit. Tests showed that Scrit was 13.5% air saturation (O2sat). Fish were exposed to 10% O2sat for 0.97 h, and the EPHOC was quantified in normoxia (≥95% O2sat) and hypoxia (30% O2sat) to test the hypothesis that reduced oxygen availability would decrease the peak metabolic rate (MO2peak) and prolong the duration of the metabolic recovery. Results showed that MO2peak during the recovery was reduced from 253 to 127 mg O2·kg–1·h–1 in hypoxia compared with normoxia. Metabolic recovery lasted 5.2 h in normoxia and 9.8 h in hypoxia. The EPHOC, however, did not differ between the two treatments. Impeded metabolic recovery in hypoxia may have implications for fish recovering from exposure to oxygen availability below Scrit.

Physiological basis of metabolic trade-offs between growth and performance among different strains of rainbow trout

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 1493-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Allen ◽  
Jordan Rosenfeld ◽  
Jeffrey Richards
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Trade Offs

Adaptive trade-offs define the trait combinations that differentiate taxa and allow coexistence along environmental gradients. To understand the physiological trade-offs associated with growth, we examined relationships among metabolic rate, digestive capacity, tissue energy content, and growth in juveniles of three strains of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that differ in growth. Fish were reared under satiation, 1% of body mass per day, and complete food deprivation treatments to assess differences in performance and adaptive trade-offs along a gradient of resource availability. The fast-growing hatchery strain had higher standard metabolic rate (SMR), lower aerobic scope, and potentially lower maximum metabolic rates, suggesting that high growth trades off against a reduced capacity to do metabolic work. Trout with high growth rates also generally had larger gastrointestinal tracts, maximum food consumption, and growth efficiency. Results demonstrate (i) higher SMR of fast growers appears to be related to a greater investment in high-maintenance digestive tissue that supports rapid growth; (ii) growth appears to trade off against active metabolism; and (iii) selection on growth involves a suite of integrated physiological and anatomical traits that are affected by both genotype and environment (ration).

Influence of low temperature acclimation on fate of metabolic fuels in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hearts

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2167-2173 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Bailey ◽  
William R. Driedzic
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Temperature Acclimation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Intracellular Lipids ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Precipitate Protein ◽  
Fuel Source

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were acclimated to 5 and 20 °C. Oxygen consumption of isolated perfused hearts was measured at 5 or 15 °C with either glucose or palmitate as the exogenous fuel source. With glucose as the fuel there was no significant difference in oxygen consumption of hearts from either acclimation group at either temperature. With palmitate as the fuel source, hearts from fish acclimated to and tested at 5 °C had significantly higher oxygen consumption than hearts from fish acclimated to 20 °C and tested at either 5 or 15 °C. Hearts from fish both acclimated to and tested at 5 °C had a higher oxygen consumption with palmitate than when glucose was supplied. This reflects the preference for fatty acid fuels found in cold acclimated muscle tissue, and consequently the amount of oxygen required to utilize fats. Under all experimental conditions, 14CO2 production from either (6-14C)glucose or (1-14C)palmitate could account for less than 0.5% of oxygen consumption. Tissue chemical analysis showed that most of the label from (6-14C)glucose appeared in acid-soluble (glycolytic intermediates, citric acid cycle intermediates, amino acids, etc.) and lipid fractions while most of the label from (1-14C)palmitate appeared in lipid- or acid-soluble or acid precipitate (protein material) fractions. This indicates considerable dilution of exogenous fuels in endogenous pools, which could account for the discrepancy in measured O2 consumption and 14CO2 production. Glucose catabolism was little affected by either acute or chronic changes in temperature other than an increase in glucose incorporation into the glycogen pool. Hearts from fish both acclimated to and tested at 5 °C showed an increased handling of exogenous fatty acids as reflected by elevated rates of catabolism and incorporation into intracellular lipids.

scholarly journals GLUCOSE METABOLISM BY SEA RAVEN (HEMITRIPTERUS AMERICANUS) AND RAINBOW TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS) ERYTHROCYTES

1994 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Sephton ◽  
W Driedzic
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Glucose Disappearance ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Sea Raven ◽  
Extracellular Glucose ◽  
14Co2 Production ◽  
Hemitripterus Americanus

The fate of extracellular glucose in blood isolated from sea raven (Hemitripterus americanus) and rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) was determined. In blood from both species incubated in vitro at low physiological pH, the decrease in plasma glucose concentration was more than adequate to support oxygen consumption. Glucose disappearance could not be accounted for by increases in lactate, red blood cell (RBC) glucose or RBC glycogen concentrations. Rates of 14CO2 production from [6-14C]glucose over a 2 h incubation period were less than 1 % of metabolic rate. Only small amounts of label appeared in RBC protein, lipid or glycogen fractions relative to metabolic rates, but label accumulated in the intracellular acid-soluble fraction (presumably free glucose, glycolytic intermediates, amino acids, citric acid cycle intermediates, etc.) at rates consistent with oxygen consumption and glucose disappearance. The simplest explanation for the mismatch between 14CO2 production and the other estimates of metabolic rate is that incubation times were too short for equilibration to occur. A consequence is that studies of this nature cannot use 14CO2 production to elucidate rates of aerobic fuel utilization. By default, the data imply that glucose serves as a primary aerobic metabolic fuel for the RBCs, at least under some conditions.

Increased metabolic cost of swimming and consequent alterations to circadian activity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to dietary copper

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 768-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
H A Campbell ◽  
R D Handy ◽  
D W Sims
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Standard Metabolic Rate ◽  
Swimming Activity ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Behavioural Strategy ◽  
Temporal Aspects

This study tests the hypothesis that rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) compensate for the metabolic cost of dietary Cu exposure by reducing swimming activity at particular times during the diel cycle. Fish were exposed to excess dietary Cu for three months (726 mg Cu·kg–1 dry weight) and simultaneously oxygen consumption (MO2) and spontaneous swimming activity were measured. Rhythmicity in swimming activity was examined by videorecording fish behaviours for 48 h. Standard metabolic rate estimates (RS) of 7.2 and 8.7 mmol O2·kg–1·h–1 (15°C) were measured for control and Cu-exposed fish, respectively. MO2 was higher in Cu-exposed fish at any chosen speed compared with control Cu-exposed trout, which decreased activity (mean speed) by at least 75%, spent more time at lower speeds, and lost circadian periodicity in these parameters compared with controls. Mean growth rates were normal, although Cu-exposed fish showed a narrower range of body weights and fewer mortalities than control groups, suggesting a suppression in social behaviour in Cu-exposed fish. Overall, the increased metabolic cost of swimming in Cu-exposed fish was fully compensated by a reduction in activity, particularly at night and dawn. However, this behavioural strategy suggests that spatial and temporal aspects of ecologically important social behaviours may be compromised in Cu-exposed fish.

Metabolic effects of the expression of a phosphoglucomutase locus in the liver of rainbow trout

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1499-1504
Author(s):  
Moira M. Ferguson ◽  
Roy G. Danzmann ◽  
Fred W. Allendorf ◽  
Kathy L. Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Parallel Analysis ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Sib Families

We examined the lengths, weights, condition factors, and hepatosomatic indices of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) from four full-sib families, each segregating at the temporal regulatory locus Pgm1-t, and the concentrations of RNA, DNA, and protein in their livers and white muscle. In three families, fish with phosphoglucomutase-1 (PGM1) activity in liver (Pgm1-t(b) fish) are significantly longer than their full-sibs lacking activity for liver PGM1 (Pgm1-t(a) fish). Hepatosomatic indices tend to be higher in the Pgm1-t(b) fish than in their Pgm1-t(a) siblings. RNA/DNA ratios in the liver of Pgm1-t(b) fish are significantly higher than those of Pgm1-t(a) fish in two families and marginal in a third. However, no significant differences were detected in a parallel analysis of nucleic acids and protein in white muscle, where PGM1 is expressed in all fish. In a separate experiment, Pgm1-t(b) fish were significantly heavier in all five families, had significantly higher condition factors in two families, and had marginally lower standardized oxygen consumption rates in three families.

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