Population subdivision and peripheral isolation in American badgers (Taxidea taxus) and implications for conservation planning in Canada

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 630-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Ethier ◽  
A. Laflèche ◽  
B.J. Swanson ◽  
J.J. Nocera ◽  
C.J. Kyle
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Mitochondrial Control Region ◽  
Population Subdivision ◽  
Taxidea Taxus ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Control Region Sequences ◽  
Selkirk Mountains ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Sample Set

In Canada, three subspecies of American badgers ( Taxidea taxus (Schreber, 1777)) traditionally are identified; two of which are listed as endangered because of their restricted geographic range and low population sizes. To verify their subspecific designations and genetic insularity, we analyzed mitochondrial control region sequences within and among badger subspecies ( Taxidea taxus jacksoni Schantz, 1946, Taxidea taxus jeffersonii (Harlan, 1825), and Taxidea taxus taxus (Schreber, 1777)) from nine locations in Canada and bordering United States. Although subspecies designations were supported (a priori subspecific designations, n = 3, AMOVA: FST = 0.40, p < 0.001), insular populations also were found within subspecific ranges as shown by spatial analysis of molecular variation, which suggested that our sample set consisted of five genetic groups (FST = 0.39, p < 0.001). These five distinct groupings included the subdivision of T. t. jeffersonii on either side of the Selkirk Mountains, and of T. t. jacksoni in the western part of its range grouping more closely with T. t. taxus of Manitoba. These results indicate that endangered populations of badgers may be more segregated than previously identified using morphological characteristics as proxies for subspecific designation. These results have important implications for the conservation of badgers in Canada, particularly of the two endangered subspecies.

Molecular population phylogeny of the hazel grouseBonasa bonasiain East Asia inferred from mitochondrial control-region sequences

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Baba ◽  
Yuzo Fujimaki ◽  
Siegfried Klaus ◽  
Olga Butorina ◽  
Serguei Drovetskii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Control Region ◽  
Mitochondrial Control Region ◽  
Control Region Sequences

Relationship between Morphology and Trophic Ecology in an Assemblage of Passerine Birds in Riparian Forests of the Paraná River (Argentina)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Quiroga ◽  
Rodrigo E. Lorenzón ◽  
Gisela Maglier ◽  
Ana L. Ronchi-Virgolini
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Paraná River ◽  
Riparian Forests ◽  
Phylogenetic Constraint ◽  
Parana River ◽  
Coexisting Species

We describe the ecomorphology of an assemblage of bird species found in riparian forests of the Middle Paraná River, Argentina. We sought to determine (1) the more important morphological characteristics that separate coexisting species, (2) whether such separation was related to the trophic ecology of each species and (3) whether a priori guilds showed morphological similarity. We tested the hypotheses that (a) a species’ morphology is related to the trophic ecology of that species and (b) that species of a priori guilds are morphometrically more similar to each other than to species of different a priori guilds. For this, we considered an assemblage of 29 species of birds from riparian forest that were sampled with mist nets during the 2011 and 2014 breeding seasons. We obtained morphometric measurements of captured individuals and supplemented those data with measurements from museum specimens. Trophic characterisation (diet and trophic microhabitat) was based on a literature review. Results showed a separation of bird species as a function of variables related to trophic ecology (diets and trophic microhabitats) and morphology. After controlling for phylogenetic constraint, species’ morphology partially reflected the trophic ecology of the species, supporting the central hypothesis of the ecomorphological discipline and showing that the use of trophic and morphometric data provides complementary data to improve the guild organisation of riparian bird assemblages.

scholarly journals Morphological and genetic diversity of traditional varieties of agave in Hidalgo State, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Julia Figueredo-Urbina ◽  
Gonzalo D. Álvarez-Ríos ◽  
Mario Adolfo García-Montes ◽  
Pablo Octavio-Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Domestication Syndrome ◽  
Cultural Importance ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Expected Heterozygosity ◽  
Distilled Beverages

Abstract Background: The agaves are plants of cultural importance that have been used by humans for about 10,000 years for about 40 specific uses, of which the most culturally and economically important are fermented (Pulque) and distilled beverages (Mescal). Pulque continues to be produced in nearly all of Mexico, and the agaves used for this propose have shown domestication syndrome and selected morphological characteristics, such as larger plant size (since size is positively related to sap production) and less dentition of the leaves.Methods: In this study, we carry out an ethnobotanical, morphological and genetic analysis of the traditional varieties of pulque agave used in the production of aguamiel (agave sap) and pulque in two localities of the state of Hidalgo. We did semi-structured interviews and tours with crop owners, tlachiqueros (sap harvesters), and people related to the production system. We analyzed the morphology of 111 plants, and we studied the diversity and genetic structure of 130 individuals using 16 nuclear microsatellites.Results: We found wild, tolerated, transplanted, and cultivated varieties of agave. Asexual reproduction was the main method of propagation. We recorded 19 traditional varieties of pulque agave, 12 of them in production during the study, which correspond to the species Agave americana, A. salmiana y A. mapisaga with five intraspecific entities. The varieties were grouped according to a management gradient; the wild varieties were the smallest, with more lateral teeth and a larger terminal spine. The cultivated varieties clearly exhibited domestication syndrome, with larger plants and smaller dentition. The expected heterozygosity (He) of the varieties ranged between 0.204 to 0.721. Bayesian clustering suggested the existence of three genetic groups (K = 3), both at the level of traditional varieties of pulque agaves and for management categories, a result that matches multivariate clustering.Conclusions: Pulque producers in the studied localities, maintain high agrobiodiversity. The cultivated varieties exhibit domestication syndrome, as has been reported for other species of the genus with the same selection purposes. Our results support the hypothesis of a decrease in genetic diversity in crops compared to wild agaves, which seems to be due to vegetative propagation, among other factors.

Phylogenetic analysis of chinese rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) based on mitochondrial control region sequences

2011 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 883-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Yan Li ◽  
Huai Liang Xu ◽  
David Glenn Smith ◽  
An Chun Cheng ◽  
Jessica Satkoski Trask ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Control Region ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Mitochondrial Control Region ◽  
Control Region Sequences ◽  
Chinese Rhesus Macaques

A multivariate morphometric study of Solidago nemoralis (Compositae: Astereae) and comparison with S. californica and S. sparsiflora

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 2070-2082 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Semple ◽  
Jerry G. Chmielewski ◽  
Ronald A. Brammall
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Disc Floret ◽  
Disc Corolla ◽  
Vegetative Traits ◽  
History Of ◽  
Floral Characters

Multivariate analysis of 11 quantitative morphological characteristics of 177 individuals of the Solidago nemoralis complex supports recognition of two subspecies. In a cluster analysis, two groups were immediately obvious (corresponding approximately to ssp. decemflora and ssp. nemoralis); within the ssp. nemoralis cluster, diploids and tetraploids tended to cluster separately. Discriminant analyses were performed on two and three a priori groups. The prairie and open savannah race ssp. decemflora could be distinguished from the eastern ssp. nemoralis son the basis of corolla lobe length, ray floret pappus length, numbers of disc florets, involucre height, and the lengths of the disc corolla, disc corolla limb, and disc floret pappus. Capitulescence form was found to be plastic and of limited taxonomic value. Plants with elongated ascending lower capitulescence branches (elm tree shaped) occurred throughout much of the range of ssp. nemoralis; these have been treated previously as var. or ssp. haleana, but are placed in synonymy. A late glacial and postglacial history of S. nemoralis is hypothesized. In a second set of analyses, small samples of S. nemoralis, S. californica, and S. sparsiflora were compared. Based on the floral characters used, the two subspecies of S. nemoralis differed to a greater degree than S. californica and S. sparsiflora differed from each other. The latter two differed from each other on vegetative traits more so than did the two subspecies of S. nemoralis. The need for a larger study of S. californica, S. sparsiflora, S. velutina, and related taxa was indicated.

Population structure of elongate ilisha Ilisha elongata along the Northwestern Pacific Coast revealed by mitochondrial control region sequences

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 771-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Wang ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Hitoshi Matsumoto ◽  
Jin-Koo Kim ◽  
Chenhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Control Region ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Mitochondrial Control Region ◽  
Northwestern Pacific ◽  
Control Region Sequences

Demographic History and Population Structure of Blackfin Flounder (Glyptocephalus stelleri) in Japan Revealed by Mitochondrial Control Region Sequences

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 402-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongshuang Xiao ◽  
Tianxiang Gao ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Takashi Yanagimoto
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Control Region ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Mitochondrial Control Region ◽  
Control Region Sequences
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