Marten use of clear-cuttings and residual forest stands in western Newfoundland

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce E. Snyder ◽  
John A. Bissonette
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Primary Method ◽  
Forest Operations ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Undisturbed Forest ◽  
Forest Habitats ◽  
Capture Rates

Marten (Martes americana) inhabit primarily old-growth coniferous and mixed wood forest habitats. Widespread forest harvest operations have prompted inquiries into whether residual patches of forest left after harvesting, or regenerating clear-cuttings, provide adequate habitat for marten. In western Newfoundland, the primary method of tree harvest has been clear-cutting of large tracts of balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and black spruce (Picea mariana). The only remaining populations of marten in the province also are found in the western part of the island, with greatest densities near Little Grand Lake. This study was designed to determine if marten used regenerating clear-cuttings and small remnant patches of residual forest left after forest operations. Habitat use by marten was investigated by livetrapping and snow tracking. Residual stands were classified into five size categories, and clear-cuttings into three categories based on height of balsam fir regeneration. From June to December 1983, marten were trapped in 43 residual stands and 35 clear-cuttings. A total of 3587 trap nights yielded 57 captures of 10 male and 8 female marten. Six (10.5%) captures were in clear-cuttings, all <15 years old; 51 (89.5%) marten were captured in residual stands. Capture rates were 0.48 captures/100 trap nights in the clear-cuttings and 2.19 captures/100 trap nights in residual stands. Capture rates were greatest in residual stands 25 to 34.9 ha in size (4.62 captures/100 trap nights). From January to March 1984, marten tracks were followed for 29 km. Although clear-cuttings represented 41 % of the study area, only 26% of marten travel was recorded there, all in clear-cuttings <15 years old. Residual stands >25 ha and undisturbed forest composed 41.3% of the study area; 41.8% of marten travel was recorded there. Smaller residual areas (<25 ha) made up only 4.2% of the total area, but 32.4% of the marten travel was recorded in these areas. These data indicate that marten seldom used clear-cuttings and used residual stands >25 ha and undisturbed forests in proportion to their occurrence, but the use of smaller residual stands <25 ha was greater than expected.

Mass- and area-based contents in nitrogen, proteins, and chlorophyll within crowns of balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and black spruce (Picea mariana) trees located along a temperature gradient

Ecoscience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 242-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy R. Larocque ◽  
Line Lapointe ◽  
David Paré ◽  
Robert Boutin ◽  
Valérie Lacerte
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Balsam Fir

Predictions of wood density and module of elasticity of balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and black spruce (Picea mariana) from near infrared spectral analyses

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinghua Xu ◽  
Menghua Qin ◽  
Yonghao Ni ◽  
Maurice Defo ◽  
Barbara Dalpke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Green Wood

The predictions of properties for wood disc average are seldom reported, and they are important for sorting out logs based on their quality. The minimum near infrared (NIR) spectra required to predict wood disc average properties would also be of critical importance. In this study, calibration and prediction models for wood disc average properties were developed using NIR spectral data for balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) samples collected from 14 different sites across Newfoundland, Canada. The calibration was done against area-weighted average wood properties determined by SilviScan. NIR spectra were collected in 18 mm increments from the radial–longitudinal face of green and oven-dried samples. Results showed that using NIR spectra from three spots per wood strip was sufficient for the modeling and prediction for density and module of elasticity (MOE). The coefficients of determination ranged from 0.76 (MOE of green wood samples) to 0.88 (density of oven-dried wood samples). However, the microfibril angle (MFA) cannot be well predicted from either green wood or oven-dried wood NIR spectra. Our results further showed that the NIR spectra collected from oven-dried wood samples gave better calibration and prediction than those collected from green wood samples.

Chemical Differences Between the Wood Extracts of Jack Pine (Pinus Banksiana), Black Spruce (Picea Mariana) and Balsam Fir (Abies Balsamea) from Eastern Canada

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Pichette ◽  
Francois-Xavier Garneau ◽  
France-Ida Jean ◽  
Bernard Riedl ◽  
Michel Girard
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Wood Extracts

Comparing carbon pools and tree growth in balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and black spruce (Picea mariana) forest ecosystems located along a climatic gradient

Ecoscience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 265-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy R. Larocque ◽  
David Paré ◽  
Robert Boutin ◽  
Lamine Sarr ◽  
Valérie Lacerte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Carbon Pools ◽  
Climatic Gradient

Synonymy and pathogenicity of Dermea piceina

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Smerlis
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Balsam Fir

Synonymy of Dermea piceina Groves is established and pathogenicity of this species demonstrated on balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP.).

Chemical examination of the wax from needles of black spruce (Picea mariana) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea)

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Beri ◽  
H. W. Lemon
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Examination

A waxlike substance extracted from the needles of black spruce by means of petroleum ether gives, upon saponification, capric, lauric, myristic, pentadecanoic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, arachidic, behenic, lignoceric acids, and one acid not identified. Acids of the C-20 to C-24 series constitute approximately 38% of the total acids. The unsaturated acids present are mostly of the C-18 series. The acids were identified by the gas–liquid chromatography (g.l.c.) of their methyl esters.The constituent acids of the waxlike substance from balsam fir needles are capric, lauric, myristic, pentadecanoic, palmitic, palmitoleic, heptadecanoic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, arachidic, behenic, lignoceric, and about 7 more, not identified. The acids of the C-20 to C-24 series are present to the extent of ca. 20%. About 55% of the acids are of the C-18 series, which is mostly unsaturated. There are present certain unsaturated acids, ca. 5%, of the C-20 to C-22 series.10-Nonacosanol has been isolated from the unsaponifiable matter remaining after saponification of the waxlike substances from black spruce and balsam fir foliage. Its identity has been established by infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry.

scholarly journals Litter-fall and decomposition in harvested and un-harvested boreal forests

2012 ◽  
Vol 88 (05) ◽  
pp. 613-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.T. Moroni ◽  
X. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Litter Fall ◽  
Feather Moss ◽  
Field Incubation

Litter fall and litter decomposition were examined in harvested and unharvested western Newfoundland balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and black spruce (Picea mariana) forests. Rates of litterfall in mature 70-year-old forests were 2.4 to 3.5 Mg ha−1 year−1, which was reduced to 0.2 to 0.3 Mg ha−1 year−1 following harvesting. In contrast, rates of black spruce needle, balsam fir needle, fine (<2 mm diameter) root, and moss (dominated by feather moss) litter decomposition were not affected by forest harvesting at either site during 24 to 54 months of field incubation in litterbags. Mass loss of balsam fir needle, black spruce needle, and moss (dominated by feather moss) were not significantly different indicating that moss forms a labile litter type in a forested setting.

scholarly journals Mixed Regional Shifts in Conifer Productivity under 21st-Century Climate Projections in Canada’s Northeastern Boreal Forest

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Tyler Searls ◽  
James Steenberg ◽  
Xinbiao Zhu ◽  
Charles P.-A. Bourque ◽  
Fan-Rui Meng
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Model Validation ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Climate Projections

Models of forest growth and yield (G&Y) are a key component in long-term strategic forest management plans. Models leveraging the industry-standard “empirical” approach to G&Y are frequently underpinned by an assumption of historical consistency in climatic growing conditions. This assumption is problematic as forest managers look to obtain reliable growth predictions under the changing climate of the 21st century. Consequently, there is a pressing need for G&Y modelling approaches that can be more robustly applied under the influence of climate change. In this study we utilized an established forest gap model (JABOWA-3) to simulate G&Y between 2020 and 2100 under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5 in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador (NL). Simulations were completed using the province’s permanent sample plot data and surface-fitted climatic datasets. Through model validation, we found simulated basal area (BA) aligned with observed BA for the major conifer species components of NL’s forests, including black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) Britton et al.] and balsam fir [Abies balsamea (L.) Mill]. Model validation was not as robust for the less abundant species components of NL (e.g., Acer rubrum L. 1753, Populus tremuloides Michx., and Picea glauca (Moench) Voss). Our simulations generally indicate that projected climatic changes may modestly increase black spruce and balsam fir productivity in the more northerly growing environments within NL. In contrast, we found productivity of these same species to only be maintained, and in some instances even decline, toward NL’s southerly extents. These generalizations are moderated by species, RCP, and geographic parameters. Growth modifiers were also prepared to render empirical G&Y projections more robust for use under periods of climate change.

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